Rhea list of ChEBI terms representing the major species at pH 7.3.
Term not to be used for direct annotation
GO ribbon for eukaroytic cellular processes
A signaling process that controls cell cycle progression by monitoring the integrity of specific cell cycle events. A cell cycle checkpoint begins with detection of deficiencies or defects and ends with signal transduction.
signal transduction involved in G2/M transition checkpoint
signal transduction involved in cell cycle checkpoint
This term should not be used in direct manual annotation as it should always be possible to minimally designate mitotic or meiotic checkpoint, and usually to additionally specify the checkpoint (i.e mitotic spindle assembly checkpoint, mitotic DNA damage checkpoint etc). Note also that the effector processes are not part of the checkpoint but are positively regulated by the checkpoint signaling and should not be annotated here.
The cell cycle 'gap' phase which is the interval between the completion of DNA segregation by mitosis and the beginning of DNA synthesis.
Note that this term should not be used for direct annotation. If you are trying to make an annotation to x phase, it is likely that the correct annotation is 'regulation of x/y phase transition' or to a process which occurs during the reported phase (i.e mitotic DNA replication for mitotic S-phase). To capture the phase when a specific location or process is observed, the phase term can be used in an annotation extension (PMID:24885854) applied to a cellular component term (with the relation exists_during) or a biological process term (with the relation happens_during).
The cell cycle phase, following G1, during which DNA synthesis takes place as part of a mitotic cell cycle.
The cell cycle 'gap' phase which is the interval between the completion of DNA synthesis and the beginning of DNA segregation by mitosis.
A cell cycle phase during which nuclear division occurs, and which is comprises the phases: prophase, metaphase, anaphase and telophase and occurs as part of a mitotic cell cycle.
The cell cycle phase which is the first stage of M phase of mitosis and during which chromosomes condense and the two daughter centrioles and their asters migrate toward the poles of the cell.
The cell cycle phase, following prophase, during which chromosomes become aligned on the equatorial plate of the cell as part of a mitotic cell cycle.
The cell cycle phase during which chromosomes separate and migrate towards the poles of the spindle the as part of a mitotic cell cycle.
The cell cycle phase during which the kinetochore microtubules shorten as chromosomes move toward the spindle poles as part of mitosis.
The cell cycle phase during which the polar microtubules elongate and the two poles of the spindle move farther apart as part of mitosis.
The cell cycle phase which follows anaphase during M phase of mitosis and during which the chromosomes arrive at the poles of the cell and the division of the cytoplasm starts.
The cell cycle phase in higher eukaryotes which follows mitotic prophase and during which the nuclear envelope is disrupted and breaks into membrane vesicles, and the spindle microtubules enter the nuclear region. Kinetochores mature on each centromere and attach to some of the spindle microtubules. Kinetochore microtubules begin the process of aligning chromosomes in one plane halfway between the poles.
The cell cycle phase which is the first stage of prophase I in meiosis, and during which the chromosomes first become visible.
The cell cycle phase which follows leptotene during prophase I of meiosis, and during which each chromosome pairs with its homolog; the two become aligned and crossing over may occur.
The cell cycle phase which follows zygotene during prophase I of meiosis, and during which crossing over occurs between a chromatid in one partner and another chromatid in the homologous chromosome.
The cell cycle phase which follows pachytene during prophase I of meiosis, during which the homologous chromosomes begin to separate and the synaptonemal complex dissolves.
The cell cycle phase which follows diplotene during prophase I of meiosis, the separation of homologous chromosomes is complete and crossing over has occurred.
A cell cycle phase during which nuclear division occurs, and which is comprises the phases: prophase, metaphase, anaphase and telophase.
The division of the cytoplasm and the plasma membrane of a cell and its partitioning into two daughter cells.
Note that this term should not be used for direct annotation. When annotating eukaryotic species, mitotic or meiotic cytokinesis should always be specified for manual annotation and for prokaryotic species use 'FtsZ-dependent cytokinesis ; GO:0043093' or Cdv-dependent cytokinesis ; GO:0061639. Also, note that cytokinesis does not necessarily result in physical separation and detachment of the two daughter cells from each other.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus by the chemical structure of the anion portion of a dissociated acid (rather than the acid acting as a proton donor). The acid chemical may be in gaseous, liquid or solid form.
This term should be used to describe a response to a specific acid as a chemical. E.g., if an organism were responding to glutamate, then the response would be glutamate-specific; the organism is actually responding to the chemical structure of the anion portion of the dissociated acid. Note that this term is in the subset of terms that should not be used for direct gene product annotation. Instead, select a child term or, if no appropriate child term exists, please request a new term. Direct annotations to this term may be amended during annotation QC. If annotating experiments where an acid is playing a role as a proton donor, please annotate to GO:0010447 'response to acidic pH' instead.
Cell motility due to movement of eukaryotic cilia or bacterial-type flagella or archaeal-type flagella.
ciliary or bacterial-type flagellar motility
Note that we deem eukaryotic cilia and microtubule-based flagella to be equivalent, while the bacterial- and archaeal-type flagella have a different structure. The former are microtubule-based structures that lash back and forth and are present only in eukaryotes, while the latter achieve motility by rotation. Bacterial- and archaeal-type flagella are superficially similar but have a different molecular composition and fine structure. These three structures never co-exist in the same organism. Therefore, GO:0001539 'cilium or flagellum-dependent cell motility' is in the subset of terms that should not be used for direct gene product annotation. Instead, select a child term. Direct annotations to GO:0001539 'cilium or flagellum-dependent cell motility' may be amended during annotation QC.
cilium or flagellum-dependent cell motility
The appearance of a cytokine due to biosynthesis or secretion following a cellular stimulus, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels.
Note that this term is in the subset of terms that should not be used for direct gene product annotation. Instead, select one of the 'regulation' children terms.
The appearance of a cytokine due to biosynthesis or secretion following a cellular stimulus contributing to an immune response, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels.
cytokine biosynthetic process involved in immune response
cytokine production during immune response
cytokine secretion during immune response
cytokine secretion involved in immune response
cytokine production involved in immune response
Any process that contributes to cytokine production by a B cell.
Any process that contributes to cytokine production by a T cell.
Any process that contributes to cytokine production by a natural killer cell.
Any process that contributes to cytokine production by a dendritic cell.
Any process that contributes to cytokine production by a myeloid dendritic cell.
myeloid dendritic cell cytokine production
Any process that contributes to cytokine production by a plasmacytoid dendritic cell.
plasmacytoid dendritic cell cytokine production
The appearance of immunoglobulin due to biosynthesis or secretion following a cellular stimulus, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels.
The appearance of immunoglobulin due to biosynthesis or secretion following a cellular stimulus during an immune response, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels.
immunoglobulin production involved in immunoglobulin mediated immune response
immunoglobulin biosynthetic process involved in immune response
immunoglobulin secretion involved in immune response
antibody production during immune response
antibody secretion during immune response
immunoglobulin production during immune response
immunoglobulin production involved in immune response
immunoglobulin production involved in immunoglobulin-mediated immune response
The synthesis and release of immunoglobulin in the mucosal tissue.
immunoglobulin production in mucosal tissue
The synthesis or release of any molecular mediator of the immune response, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels.
production of cellular mediator of immune response
production of molecular mediator of immune response
The synthesis or release of a cytokine following a inflammatory stimulus as part of an inflammatory response, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels.
cytokine production involved in acute inflammatory response
cytokine production involved in inflammatory response
The synthesis or release of an antimicrobial peptide during an immune response, resulting in an increase in intracellular or extracellular levels. Such peptides may have protective properties against bacteria, fungi, viruses, or protozoa.
The synthesis or release of an antibacterial peptide during an immune response, resulting in an increase in intracellular or extracellular levels.
The synthesis or release of an antifungal peptide during an immune response, resulting in an increase in intracellular or extracellular levels.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of a response to biotic stimulus.
Note that this term is in the subset of terms that should not be used for direct gene product annotation. Instead, select a child term or, if no appropriate child term exists, please request a new term. Direct annotations to this term may be amended during annotation QC.
regulation of response to biotic stimulus
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of a response to biotic stimulus.
down regulation of response to biotic stimulus
down-regulation of response to biotic stimulus
downregulation of response to biotic stimulus
inhibition of response to biotic stimulus
negative regulation of response to biotic stimulus
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of a response to biotic stimulus.
up regulation of response to biotic stimulus
up-regulation of response to biotic stimulus
upregulation of response to biotic stimulus
activation of response to biotic stimulus
stimulation of response to biotic stimulus
positive regulation of response to biotic stimulus
Catalysis of the reaction: an 11-beta-hydroxysteroid + NAD(P)+ = an 11-oxosteroid + NAD(P)H + H+.
11-beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase [NAD(P)+] activity
HSD11B2,HSD11B1 dimer oxidise CORT to COR
Catalysis of the reaction: isocitrate + NAD(P)+ = 2-oxoglutarate + CO2 + NAD(P)H.
isocitrate dehydrogenase [NAD(P)+] activity
Enables the directed movement of substances (such as macromolecules, small molecules, ions) into, out of or within a cell, accross or in between cells.
Some transporters, such as certain members of the SLC family, are referred to as 'carriers'; however GO uses carrier with a different meaning: a carrier binds to and transports the substance (see GO:0140104 molecular carrier activity), whereas a transporter forms some pore that allows the passing of molecules.
Enables the transfer of taurine from one side of a membrane to the other. Taurine (2-aminoethanesulfonic acid) is a sulphur-containing amino acid derivative which is important in the metabolism of fats.
taurine transmembrane transporter activity
The rigid or semi-rigid envelope lying outside the cell membrane of plant, fungal, most prokaryotic cells and some protozoan parasites, maintaining their shape and protecting them from osmotic lysis. In plants it is made of cellulose and, often, lignin; in fungi it is composed largely of polysaccharides; in bacteria it is composed of peptidoglycan; in protozoan parasites such as Giardia species, it's made of carbohydrates and proteins.
Not to be used for manual annotation. Please choose a more specific term: for bacteria, annotate to GO:0009274; peptidoglycan-based cell wall, for plants: annotate to GO:0009505 ; plant-type cell wall, for fungi: GO:0009277 ; fungal-type cell wall, and for archae, use GO:0030115 S-layer (see PMID:31214995).
A component of a cell contained within (but not including) the plasma membrane. In eukaryotes it includes the nucleus and cytoplasm.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving pyruvate, 2-oxopropanoate.
The directed movement of substances (such as macromolecules, small molecules, ions) or cellular components (such as complexes and organelles) into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, or within a multicellular organism by means of some agent such as a transporter or a transporter complex, a pore or a motor protein.
Note that this term should not be used for direct annotation. It should be possible to make a more specific annotation to one of the children of this term, for e.g. to transmembrane transport, to microtubule-based transport or to vesicle-mediated transport.
A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of an organelle within a cell. An organelle is an organized structure of distinctive morphology and function. Includes the nucleus, mitochondria, plastids, vacuoles, vesicles, ribosomes and the cytoskeleton. Excludes the plasma membrane.
The progression of biochemical and morphological phases and events that occur in a cell during successive cell replication or nuclear replication events. Canonically, the cell cycle comprises the replication and segregation of genetic material followed by the division of the cell, but in endocycles or syncytial cells nuclear replication or nuclear division may not be followed by cell division.
A signaling process that ensures accurate chromosome replication and segregation by preventing progression through a mitotic cell cycle until conditions are suitable for the cell to proceed to the next stage.
signal transduction involved in mitotic cell cycle checkpoint
signal transduction involved in mitotic G2/M transition checkpoint
signal transduction involved in mitotic cell cycle G1/S checkpoint
The cell cycle phase which is the first stage of meiosis I and during which chromosomes condense and the two daughter centrioles and their asters migrate toward the poles of the cell.
The cell cycle phase, following prophase I, during which chromosomes become aligned on the equatorial plate of the cell as part of meiosis I.
The cell cycle phase during which chromosomes separate and migrate towards the poles of the spindle the as part of meiosis I.
The cell cycle phase which follows anaphase I of meiosis and during which the chromosomes arrive at the poles of the cell and the division of the cytoplasm starts.
The cell cycle phase which is the first stage of meiosis II and during which chromosomes condense and the two daughter centrioles and their asters migrate toward the poles of the cell.
The cell cycle phase, following prophase II, during which chromosomes become aligned on the equatorial plate of the cell as part of meiosis II.
The cell cycle phase during which chromosomes separate and migrate towards the poles of the spindle the as part of meiosis II.
The cell cycle phase which follows anaphase II of meiosis and during which the chromosomes arrive at the poles of the cell and the division of the cytoplasm starts.
The biological process whose specific outcome is the progression of a multicellular organism over time from an initial condition (e.g. a zygote or a young adult) to a later condition (e.g. a multicellular animal or an aged adult).
Note that this term was 'developmental process'.
The elimination by an organism of the waste products that arise as a result of metabolic activity. These products include water, carbon dioxide (CO2), and nitrogenous compounds.
The internally coordinated responses (actions or inactions) of animals (individuals or groups) to internal or external stimuli, via a mechanism that involves nervous system activity.
1. Note that this term is in the subset of terms that should not be used for direct gene product annotation. Instead, select a child term or, if no appropriate child term exists, please request a new term. Direct annotations to this term may be amended during annotation reviews. 2. While a broader definition of behavior encompassing plants and single cell organisms would be justified on the basis of some usage (see PMID:20160973 for discussion), GO uses a tight definition that limits behavior to animals and to responses involving the nervous system, excluding plant responses that GO classifies under development, and responses of unicellular organisms that has general classifications for covering the responses of cells in multicellular organisms (e.g. cell chemotaxis).
Binding to a transcription factor, a protein required to initiate or regulate transcription.
Note that this term should not be used for direct annotation. Please consider one of the more specific descendants, GO:0140297 ; DNA-binding transcription factor binding, GO:0140296 ; general transcription initiation factor binding or GO:0001221 ; transcription coregulator binding.
A cellular process consisting of the biochemical pathways by which a living organism transforms chemical substances. This includes including anabolism (biosynthetic process) and catabolism (catabolic process). Metabolic processes includes the transformation of small molecules, as well macromolecular processes such as DNA repair and replication, protein synthesis and degradation.
Note that metabolic processes do not include single functions or processes such as protein-protein interactions, protein-nucleic acids, nor receptor-ligand interactions.
Any biological process that results in permanent cessation of all vital functions of a cell. A cell should be considered dead when any one of the following molecular or morphological criteria is met: (1) the cell has lost the integrity of its plasma membrane; (2) the cell, including its nucleus, has undergone complete fragmentation into discrete bodies (frequently referred to as apoptotic bodies). The cell corpse (or its fragments) may be engulfed by an adjacent cell in vivo, but engulfment of whole cells should not be considered a strict criteria to define cell death as, under some circumstances, live engulfed cells can be released from phagosomes (see PMID:18045538).
This term should not be used for direct annotation, it is currently kept in GO as a placeholder for describing cell death phenotypes in uPHENO. When information is provided on a programmed cell death mechanism, annotations should be made to the appropriate descendant of 'cell death' (such as, but not limited to, GO:0097300 'programmed necrotic cell death' or GO:0006915 'apoptotic process'). Unintentional cell death, i.e. cell death caused by injury, ageing, or cell phenotypes observed as a result of a pathological mutation in an essential gene should NOT be annotated using GO terms.
Catalysis of the formation of a phosphodiester bond between a hydroxyl group at the end of one RNA chain and the phosphate group at the end of another.
Catalysis of the reaction: reduced ferredoxin + NAD(P)+ = oxidized ferredoxin + NAD(P)H + H+.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a macromolecule, any molecule of high relative molecular mass, the structure of which essentially comprises the multiple repetition of units derived, actually or conceptually, from molecules of low relative molecular mass.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an external stimulus.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a biotic stimulus, a stimulus caused or produced by a living organism.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an abiotic (not derived from living organisms) stimulus.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus arising within the organism.
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of an embryo from its formation until the end of its embryonic life stage. The end of the embryonic stage is organism-specific. For example, for mammals, the process would begin with zygote formation and end with birth. For insects, the process would begin at zygote formation and end with larval hatching. For plant zygotic embryos, this would be from zygote formation to the end of seed dormancy. For plant vegetative embryos, this would be from the initial determination of the cell or group of cells to form an embryo until the point when the embryo becomes independent of the parent plant.
Activation of HOX genes during differentiation
Any process that is carried out at the cellular level, but not necessarily restricted to a single cell. For example, cell communication occurs among more than one cell, but occurs at the cellular level.
This term should not be used for direct annotation. It should be possible to make a more specific annotation to one of the children of this term.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of protein ADP-ribosylation. Protein ADP-ribosylation is the transfer, from NAD, of ADP-ribose to protein amino acids.
regulation of protein amino acid ADP-ribosylation
Any process that decreases the frequency, rate or extent of protein ADP-ribosylation. Protein ADP-ribosylation is the transfer, from NAD, of ADP-ribose to protein amino acids.
negative regulation of protein amino acid ADP-ribosylation
negative regulation of protein ADP-ribosylation
The appearance of a macrophage cytokine due to biosynthesis or secretion following a cellular stimulus, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a fluoxetine stimulus. Fluoxetine increases the extracellular level of the neurotransmitter serotonin by inhibiting its reuptake into the presynaptic cell, increasing the level of serotonin available to bind to the postsynaptic receptor.
response to selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor
Note that this term is in the subset of terms that should not be used for direct manual annotation of gene products. Direct annotations to this term may be amended during annotation QC.
Enables the transfer of an inorganic molecular entity from the outside of a cell to the inside of the cell across a membrane. An inorganic molecular entity is a molecular entity that contains no carbon.
inorganic solute uptake transmembrane transporter activity
inorganic molecular entity transmembrane transporter activity
A process that results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a cellular component.
cellular component organisation at cellular level
cellular component organisation in other organism
cellular component organization at cellular level
cellular component organization in other organism
The process in which a cell irreversibly increases in size over time by accretion and biosynthetic production of matter similar to that already present.
metabolic process resulting in cell growth
non-developmental growth of a unicellular organism
Catalysis of the reaction: acyl-[acyl-carrier protein] + NAD(P)+ = trans-2,3-dehydroacyl-[acyl-carrier protein] + NAD(P)H + H+.
enoyl-[acyl-carrier-protein] reductase activity
enoyl-[acyl-carrier protein] reductase activity
This term should not be used for direct annotation; please use of the children that specifies the cofactor of the reaction (NAD+ or NADP+): enoyl-[acyl-carrier-protein] reductase (NADH) activity ; GO:0004318 or enoyl-[acyl-carrier-protein] reductase (NADPH) activity ; GO:0141148.
enoyl-[acyl-carrier-protein] reductase activity (NAD(P)H)
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of peptidyl-pyroglutamic acid, catalyzed by glutaminyl-peptide cyclotransferase.
2-pyrrolidone-5-carboxylic acid biosynthesis
2-pyrrolidone-5-carboxylic acid biosynthetic process
peptidyl-pyroglutamic acid anabolism, using glutaminyl-peptide cyclotransferase
peptidyl-pyroglutamic acid formation, using glutaminyl-peptide cyclotransferase
peptidyl-pyroglutamic acid synthesis, using glutaminyl-peptide cyclotransferase
See also the molecular function term 'glutaminyl-peptide cyclotransferase activity ; GO:0016603'.
peptidyl-pyroglutamic acid biosynthetic process, using glutaminyl-peptide cyclotransferase
The modification of a N-terminal peptidyl-phenylalanine residue by either oxidative deamination or by transamination and subsequent reduction to form peptidyl-L-3-phenyllactic acid.
peptidyl-L-3-phenyllactic acid anabolism from peptidyl-phenylalanine
peptidyl-L-3-phenyllactic acid formation from peptidyl-phenylalanine
peptidyl-L-3-phenyllactic acid synthesis from peptidyl-phenylalanine
peptidyl-L-3-phenyllactic acid biosynthetic process from peptidyl-phenylalanine
The modification of peptidyl-cysteine or peptidyl-serine to peptidyl-L-3-oxoalanine; characteristic of the active sites of arylsulfatases.
peptidyl-L-3-oxoalanine anabolism from peptidyl-cysteine or peptidyl-serine
peptidyl-L-3-oxoalanine formation from peptidyl-cysteine or peptidyl-serine
peptidyl-L-3-oxoalanine synthesis from peptidyl-cysteine or peptidyl-serine
peptidyl-L-3-oxoalanine biosynthetic process from peptidyl-cysteine or peptidyl-serine
The process of conversion of a L-amino acid into its enantiomer, the corresponding D-amino acid.
The alteration of an amino acid residue in a peptide.
The modification of peptidyl-cysteine to form peptidyl-S-diacylglycerol-L-cysteine; the oleate and palmitate actually represent mixtures of saturated (generally at 3') and unsaturated (generally at 2') fatty acids.
peptidyl-S-diacylglycerol-L-cysteine anabolism from peptidyl-cysteine
peptidyl-S-diacylglycerol-L-cysteine formation from peptidyl-cysteine
peptidyl-S-diacylglycerol-L-cysteine synthesis from peptidyl-cysteine
peptidyl-S-diacylglycerol-L-cysteine biosynthetic process from peptidyl-cysteine
The modification of peptidyl-aspartic acid to form peptidyl-L-beta-methylthioaspartic acid, typical of bacterial ribosomal protein S12.
peptidyl-L-beta-methylthioaspartic acid anabolism from peptidyl-aspartic acid
peptidyl-L-beta-methylthioaspartic acid formation from peptidyl-aspartic acid
peptidyl-L-beta-methylthioaspartic acid synthesis from peptidyl-aspartic acid
peptidyl-L-beta-methylthioaspartic acid biosynthetic process from peptidyl-aspartic acid
The formation of peptidyl-D-alanine, by either racemization or from peptidyl-L-serine.
See also the biological process terms 'peptidyl-D-alanine racemization, direct ; GO:0019916' and 'peptidyl-D-alanine racemization via peptidyl-L-serine ; GO:0019917'.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving a protein. Includes protein modification.
protein metabolic process and modification
multicellular organismal protein metabolic process
The cellular process that ensures successive accurate and complete genome replication and chromosome segregation.
One of the distinct periods or stages into which the cell cycle is divided. Each phase is characterized by the occurrence of specific biochemical and morphological events.
A cellular process that results in the breakdown of a cellular component.
cellular component disassembly at cellular level
A process, occurring at the cellular level, that is involved in the reproductive function of a single-celled organism.
reproductive process in single-celled organism
A biological process that directly contributes to the process of producing new individuals by one or two organisms. The new individuals inherit some proportion of their genetic material from the parent or parents.
The progression of physiological phases, occurring in the endometrium during the menstrual cycle that recur at regular intervals during the reproductive years. The menstrual cycle is an ovulation cycle where the endometrium is shed if pregnancy does not occur.
Note that this term should not be used for direct annotation. If you are trying to make an annotation to x phase, it is likely that the correct annotation is 'regulation of x/y phase transition' or to a process which occurs during the reported phase. To capture the phase when a specific location or process is observed, the phase term can be used in an annotation extension (PMID:24885854) applied to a cellular component term (with the relation exists_during) or a biological process term (with the relation happens_during).
The process in which peroxisomes are delivered to a type of vacuole and degraded in response to changing nutrient conditions.
Any complex that acts to move proteins or RNAs into or out of the nucleus through nuclear pores.
A signaling process that that controls a cell cycle checkpoint that originates from the mitotic or meiotic spindle.
signal transduction involved in spindle checkpoint
Note that this term should not be used for direct manual annotation as it should always be possible to choose either a mitotic or meiotic child term.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of protein binding.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of protein binding.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of a response to an external stimulus.
regulation of response to external stimulus
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of a response to an external stimulus.
down regulation of response to external stimulus
down-regulation of response to external stimulus
downregulation of response to external stimulus
inhibition of response to external stimulus
negative regulation of response to external stimulus
Any process that activates, maintains or increases the rate of a response to an external stimulus.
up regulation of response to external stimulus
up-regulation of response to external stimulus
upregulation of response to external stimulus
activation of response to external stimulus
stimulation of response to external stimulus
positive regulation of response to external stimulus
Any biological process, occurring at the level of a multicellular organism, pertinent to its function.
The appearance of connective tissue growth factor due to biosynthesis or secretion following a cellular stimulus, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels.
hypertrophic chondrocyte-specific gene product 24 production
connective tissue growth factor production
The appearance of a chemokine due to biosynthesis or secretion following a cellular stimulus, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels. All chemokines possess a number of conserved cysteine residues involved in intramolecular disulfide bond formation. Some chemokines are considered pro-inflammatory and can be induced during an immune response to recruit cells of the immune system to a site of infection, while others are considered homeostatic and are involved in controlling the migration of cells during normal processes of tissue maintenance or development. Chemokines are found in all vertebrates, some viruses and some bacteria.
The appearance of fractalkine due to biosynthesis or secretion following a cellular stimulus, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels.
The appearance of granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor due to biosynthesis or secretion following a cellular stimulus, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels.
granulocyte macrophage colony stimulating factor production
granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor biosynthetic process
granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor production
The appearance of hepatocyte growth factor due to biosynthesis or secretion following a cellular stimulus, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels.
hepatocyte growth factor biosynthetic process
The appearance of type I interferon due to biosynthesis or secretion following a cellular stimulus, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels. Type I interferons include the interferon-alpha, beta, delta, episilon, zeta, kappa, tau, and omega gene families.
The appearance of interferon-alpha due to biosynthesis or secretion following a cellular stimulus, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels.
The appearance of interferon-beta due to biosynthesis or secretion following a cellular stimulus, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels.
The appearance of interferon-gamma due to biosynthesis or secretion following a cellular stimulus, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels. Interferon-gamma is also known as type II interferon.
The appearance of interleukin-1 alpha due to biosynthesis or secretion following a cellular stimulus, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels.
interleukin-1 alpha biosynthetic process
The appearance of interleukin-1 beta due to biosynthesis or secretion following a cellular stimulus, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels.
The appearance of interleukin-1 due to biosynthesis or secretion following a cellular stimulus, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels.
The appearance of interleukin-10 due to biosynthesis or secretion following a cellular stimulus, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels.
The appearance of interleukin-11 due to biosynthesis or secretion following a cellular stimulus, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels.
The appearance of interleukin-12 due to biosynthesis or secretion following a cellular stimulus, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels.
The appearance of interleukin-13 due to biosynthesis or secretion following a cellular stimulus, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels.
The appearance of interleukin-15 due to biosynthesis or secretion following a cellular stimulus, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels.
The appearance of interleukin-16 due to biosynthesis or secretion following a cellular stimulus, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels.
The appearance of any member of the interleukin-17 family of cytokines due to biosynthesis or secretion following a cellular stimulus, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels.
Cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated antigen 8 production
The appearance of interleukin-18 due to biosynthesis or secretion following a cellular stimulus, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels.
The appearance of interleukin-19 due to biosynthesis or secretion following a cellular stimulus, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels.
The appearance of interleukin-2 due to biosynthesis or secretion following a cellular stimulus, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels.
The appearance of interleukin-20 due to biosynthesis or secretion following a cellular stimulus, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels.
The appearance of interleukin-21 due to biosynthesis or secretion following a cellular stimulus, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels.
The appearance of interleukin-22 due to biosynthesis or secretion following a cellular stimulus, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels.
The appearance of interleukin-23 due to biosynthesis or secretion following a cellular stimulus, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels.
The appearance of interleukin-24 due to biosynthesis or secretion following a cellular stimulus, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels.
The appearance of interleukin-25 due to biosynthesis or secretion following a cellular stimulus, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels.
The appearance of interleukin-26 due to biosynthesis or secretion following a cellular stimulus, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels.
The appearance of interleukin-27 due to biosynthesis or secretion following a cellular stimulus, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels.
The appearance of interleukin-3 due to biosynthesis or secretion following a cellular stimulus, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels.
The appearance of interleukin-4 due to biosynthesis or secretion following a cellular stimulus, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels.
The appearance of interleukin-5 due to biosynthesis or secretion following a cellular stimulus, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels.
The appearance of interleukin-6 due to biosynthesis or secretion following a cellular stimulus, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels.
The appearance of interleukin-7 due to biosynthesis or secretion following a cellular stimulus, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels.
The appearance of interleukin-8 due to biosynthesis or secretion following a cellular stimulus, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels.
The appearance of interleukin-9 due to biosynthesis or secretion following a cellular stimulus, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels.
The appearance of TRAIL due to biosynthesis or secretion following a cellular stimulus, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels.
The appearance of tumor necrosis factor due to biosynthesis or secretion following a cellular stimulus, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels. Tumor necrosis factor is an inflammatory cytokine produced by macrophages/monocytes during acute inflammation and which is responsible for a diverse range of signaling events within cells, leading to necrosis or apoptosis.
tumor necrosis factor biosynthetic process
Note that this term refers only to the specific, original 'tumor necrosis factor' protein (TNF) and not other members of the tumor necrosis factor superfamily (those with the gene symbol root 'TNFSF'). That this term is in the subset of terms that should not be used for direct gene product annotation. Instead, select one of the 'regulation' children terms.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of the cytokine lymphotoxin A.
Any process that contributes to cytokine production by a mast cell.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of RNA, ribonucleic acid, one of the two main type of nucleic acid, consisting of a long, unbranched macromolecule formed from ribonucleotides joined in 3',5'-phosphodiester linkage. Includes polymerization of ribonucleotide monomers. Refers not only to transcription but also to e.g. viral RNA replication.
double-stranded RNA biosynthetic process
Note that, in some cases, viral RNA replication and viral transcription from RNA actually refer to the same process, but may be called differently depending on the focus of a specific research study.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of any process in which a cell, a substance, or a cellular entity is transported to, or maintained in, a specific location.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of collagen binding.
Any constituent part of a host cell. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
Any constituent part of the living contents of a host cell; the matter contained within (but not including) the plasma membrane, usually taken to exclude large vacuoles and masses of secretory or ingested material. In eukaryotes it includes the nucleus and cytoplasm. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
Any constituent part of a chloroplast as it is found in host cells and which are a chlorophyll-containing plastid with thylakoids organized into grana and frets, or stroma thylakoids, and embedded in a stroma. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
Any constituent part of the host cell cytoplasm, all of the contents of a cell excluding the plasma membrane and nucleus, but including other subcellular structures. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
Catalysis of the acetylation of an amino acid residue of a peptide or protein, according to the reaction: acetyl-CoA + peptide = CoA + N-acetylpeptide.
The appearance of chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 9 due to biosynthesis or secretion following a cellular stimulus, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels.
Monokine induced by gamma interferon production
chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 9 production
The appearance of chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 6 (CCL6) due to biosynthesis or secretion following a cellular stimulus, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels.
chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 6 production
Any process that stops or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of chromatin binding. Chromatin binding is the selective interaction with chromatin, the network of fibers of DNA, protein, and sometimes RNA, that make up the chromosomes of the eukaryotic nucleus during interphase.
negative regulation of chromatin binding
Any process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of chromatin binding. Chromatin binding is the selective interaction with chromatin, the network of fibers of DNA, protein, and sometimes RNA, that make up the chromosomes of the eukaryotic nucleus during interphase.
positive regulation of chromatin binding
The process in which a receptor is activated by another receptor. Receptor transactivation can occur through different mechanisms and includes cross-talk between signaling pathways where one receptor activates a receptor for a different ligand, and also activation of subunits within a receptor oligomer.
Any process that contributes to cytokine production by a CD4-positive, alpha-beta T cell.
CD4-positive, alpha-beta T cell cytokine production
Any process that contributes to cytokine production by a T-helper 1 cell.
Any process that contributes to cytokine production by a T-helper 2 cell.
The appearance of granzyme A due to biosynthesis or secretion following a cellular stimulus, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels.
The appearance of a perforin protein due to biosynthesis or secretion following a cellular stimulus, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels.
The appearance of granulysin due to biosynthesis or secretion following a cellular stimulus, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a diuretic stimulus. A diuretic is an agent that promotes the excretion of urine through its effects on kidney function.
Note that this term is in the subset of terms that should not be used for direct manual annotation of gene products. It was created to be used for cross-referencing by other ontologies. Direct annotations to this term may be amended during annotation QC.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a methylphenidate stimulus.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a gemcitabine stimulus. Gemcitabine is a 2'-deoxycytidine having geminal fluoro substituents in the 2'-position, and is used as a drug in the treatment of various carcinomas.
response to 2'-deoxy-2',2'-difluorocytidine
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a statin stimulus. Statins are organooxygen compounds whose structure is related to compactin (mevastatin) and which may be used as an anticholesteremic drug due its EC:1.1.1.34/EC:1.1.1.88 (hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA reductase) inhibitory properties.
response to hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA reductase inhibitor
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a lapatinib stimulus.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a 5-fluorouracil stimulus.
response to 5-fluoropyrimidine-2,4(1H,3H)-dione
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an antidepressant stimulus, a mood-stimulating drug.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an anticonvulsant stimulus, a drug used to prevent seizures or reduce their severity.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an iloperidone stimulus.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a ximelagatran stimulus.
The appearance of macrophage colony-stimulating factor due to biosynthesis or secretion following a cellular stimulus, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels.
macrophage colony-stimulating factor production
The appearance of chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 20 (CCL20) due to biosynthesis or secretion following a cellular stimulus, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels.
chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 20 production
The series of molecular signals initiated by bile acid binding to its receptor, and ending with the regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription.
This term is not for direct annotation. Please use a more specific child: 'cell surface bile acid receptor signaling pathway' for GPCRs and 'intracellular bile acid receptor signaling pathway' for nuclear receptors.
The increase in size or mass of an entire organism, a part of an organism or a cell.
See also the biological process term 'cell growth ; GO:0016049'.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a chemical stimulus.
The regression phase of the hair cycle during which cell proliferation ceases, the hair follicle shortens, and an anchored club hair is produced.
The growth phase of the hair cycle. Lasts, for example, about 3 to 6 years for human scalp hair.
The beginning of the menstrual cycle; the first menstrual cycle in an individual.
Cessation of menstruation, occurring in (e.g.) the human female usually around the age of 50.
The cyclic, physiologic discharge through the vagina of blood and endometrial tissues from the nonpregnant uterus.
A process in which planktonically growing microorganisms grow at a liquid-air interface or on a solid substrate under the flow of a liquid and produce extracellular polymers that facilitate matrix formation, resulting in a change in the organisms' growth rate and gene transcription.
Any process that modulates the rate of GTP hydrolysis by a GTPase.
Binding to an ion, a charged atoms or groups of atoms.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving macromolecules, any molecule of high relative molecular mass, the structure of which essentially comprises the multiple repetition of units derived, actually or conceptually, from molecules of low relative molecular mass.
multicellular organismal macromolecule metabolic process
Organized structure of distinctive morphology and function, bounded by a single or double lipid bilayer membrane. Includes the nucleus, mitochondria, plastids, vacuoles, and vesicles. Excludes the plasma membrane.
Organized structure of distinctive morphology and function, not bounded by a lipid bilayer membrane. Includes ribosomes, the cytoskeleton and chromosomes.
Organized structure of distinctive morphology and function, occurring within the cell. Includes the nucleus, mitochondria, plastids, vacuoles, vesicles, ribosomes and the cytoskeleton. Excludes the plasma membrane.
Any process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of DNA binding. DNA binding is any process in which a gene product interacts selectively with DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid).
Any process that stops or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of DNA binding. DNA binding is any process in which a gene product interacts selectively with DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid).
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of protein binding.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving an amide, any derivative of an oxoacid in which an acidic hydroxy group has been replaced by an amino or substituted amino group, as carried out by individual cells.
A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a pilus, a short filamentous structure on a bacterial cell, flagella-like in structure and generally present in many copies.
Note that this term should not be used for direct annotation. Please use one of the children, GO:0009297 ; pilus assembly or GO:0043108 ; pilus retraction.
A process that results in the biosynthesis of constituent macromolecules, assembly, and arrangement of constituent parts of a cellular component. Includes biosynthesis of constituent macromolecules, and those macromolecular modifications that are involved in synthesis or assembly of the cellular component.
cellular component biogenesis at cellular level
Any process that stops or reduces the rate or extent of a molecular function, an elemental biological activity occurring at the molecular level, such as catalysis or binding.
negative regulation of molecular function
Any constituent part of a host cell's nucleus, a membrane-bounded organelle of eukaryotic cells in which chromosomes are housed and replicated. The host is the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
Any constituent part of a secondary organism with which the first organism is interacting.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving those compounds which are formed as a part of the normal anabolic and catabolic processes. These processes take place in most, if not all, cells of the organism.
Any process evolved to enable an interaction with an organism of a different species.
interspecies interaction between organisms
interspecies interaction with other organisms
biological process involved in interspecies interaction between organisms
The regulated release of glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor from a cell. Glial cell-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) is a small protein that potently promotes the survival of many types of neurons, notably dopaminergic and motor neurons.
glial cell-derived neurotrophic factor secretion
glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor production
glial cell-derived neurotrophic factor production
The appearance of macrophage migration inhibitory factor due to biosynthesis or secretion following a cellular stimulus, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels.
macrophage migration inhibitory factor production
The appearance of oncostatin M due to biosynthesis or secretion following a cellular stimulus, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels.
The appearance of chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 17 (CCL17) due to biosynthesis or secretion following a cellular stimulus, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels.
thymus and activation regulated chemokine production
chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 17 production
A specialized resting state that cells enter in response to cues from the cell's environment. Quiescence is characterized by the absence of cell growth and division, by a reprogramming of global gene expression, and by changes characteristic of the organism and specific cell type. Depending on external conditions, quiescence may persist until cell death or cells may resume cell growth and division. In some cell types or under certain conditions, cellular metabolism may proceed.
Note that terminally differentiated cells in higher eukaryotes are typically quiescent but metabolically active. Note that this term should not be used for direct annotation. If you are trying to make an annotation to x phase, it is likely that the correct annotation is 'regulation of x/y phase transition' or to a process which occurs during the reported phase (i.e mitotic DNA replication for mitotic S-phase). To capture the phase when a specific location or process is observed, the phase term can be used in an annotation extension (PMID:24885854) applied to a cellular component term (with the relation exists_during) or a biological process term (with the relation happens_during). Also, note that this term should not be used for direct annotation. If you are trying to make an annotation to x phase, it is likely that the correct annotation is 'regulation of x/y phase transition' or to a process which occurs during the reported phase (i.e mitotic DNA replication for mitotic S-phase). To capture the phase when a specific location or process is observed, the phase term can be used in an annotation extension (PMID:24885854) applied to a cellular component term (with the relation exists_during) or a biological process term (with the relation happens_during).
The cell cycle phase which begins at the end of meiosis I cytokinesis and ends when meiosis II prophase begins. During meiotic interphase II no DNA replication takes place, but the centrioles duplicate and spindle fibres emerge.
A distinct period or stage in a biological process or cycle.
Note that phases are is_a disjoint from other biological processes. happens_during relationships can operate between phases and other biological processes e.g. DNA replication happens_during S phase.
The cyclical periods of growth (anagen), regression (catagen), quiescence (telogen), and shedding (exogen) in the life of a hair; one of the collection or mass of filaments growing from the skin of an animal, and forming a covering for a part of the head or for any part or the whole of the body.
Any of the heteromeric enzymes that act in the TCA cycle.
tricarboxylic acid cycle heteromeric enzyme complex
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of a biological process. Biological processes are regulated by many means; examples include the control of gene expression, protein modification or interaction with a protein or substrate molecule.
positive regulation of physiological process
positive regulation of biological process
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of a biological process. Biological processes are regulated by many means; examples include the control of gene expression, protein modification or interaction with a protein or substrate molecule.
negative regulation of physiological process
negative regulation of biological process
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of a cellular process, any of those that are carried out at the cellular level, but are not necessarily restricted to a single cell. For example, cell communication occurs among more than one cell, but occurs at the cellular level.
positive regulation of cellular physiological process
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of a cellular process, any of those that are carried out at the cellular level, but are not necessarily restricted to a single cell. For example, cell communication occurs among more than one cell, but occurs at the cellular level.
negative regulation of cellular physiological process
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of a response to a stimulus. Response to stimulus is a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus.
Any process that activates, maintains or increases the rate of a response to a stimulus. Response to stimulus is a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus.
positive regulation of response to stimulus
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of a response to a stimulus. Response to stimulus is a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus.
negative regulation of response to stimulus
The growth of a cell, where growth contributes to the progression of the cell over time from one condition to another.
developmental growth of a unicellular organism
The process, occurring above the cellular level, that is pertinent to the reproductive function of a multicellular organism. This includes the integrated processes at the level of tissues and organs.
reproductive process in a multicellular organism
multicellular organismal reproductive process
The biological process whose specific outcome is the progression of an anatomical structure from an initial condition to its mature state. This process begins with the formation of the structure and ends with the mature structure, whatever form that may be including its natural destruction. An anatomical structure is any biological entity that occupies space and is distinguished from its surroundings. Anatomical structures can be macroscopic such as a carpel, or microscopic such as an acrosome.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of a biological process. Biological processes are regulated by many means; examples include the control of gene expression, protein modification or interaction with a protein or substrate molecule.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of a cellular process, any of those that are carried out at the cellular level, but are not necessarily restricted to a single cell. For example, cell communication occurs among more than one cell, but occurs at the cellular level.
regulation of cellular physiological process
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus. The process begins with detection of the stimulus and ends with a change in state or activity or the cell or organism.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of binding, the selective interaction of a molecule with one or more specific sites on another molecule.
Any process that activates or increases the rate or extent of binding, the selective interaction of a molecule with one or more specific sites on another molecule.
Any process that stops or reduces the rate or extent of binding, the selective interaction of a molecule with one or more specific sites on another molecule.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of DNA binding. DNA binding is any process in which a gene product interacts selectively with DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid).
Any process in which a cell, a substance, or a cellular entity, such as a protein complex or organelle, is transported, tethered to or otherwise maintained in a specific location. In the case of substances, localization may also be achieved via selective degradation.
establishment and maintenance of localization
establishment and maintenance of position
establishment and maintenance of cellular component location
establishment and maintenance of substance location
establishment and maintenance of substrate location
Any process that localizes a substance or cellular component. This may occur via movement, tethering or selective degradation.
The cell cycle 'gap' phase which is the interval between the completion of DNA segregation (usually by mitosis or meiosis) and the beginning of DNA synthesis.
The cell cycle 'gap' phase which is the interval between the completion of DNA synthesis and the beginning of DNA segregation (usually by mitosis or meiosis).
The cell cycle phase, following G1, during which DNA synthesis takes place.
The cell cycle phase, following metaphase, during which the chromosomes separate and migrate towards the poles of the spindle.
The cell cycle phase, following prophase or prometaphase in higher eukaryotes, during which chromosomes become aligned on the equatorial plate of the cell.
The cell cycle phase which is the first stage of M phase of meiosis and mitosis and during which chromosomes condense and the two daughter centrioles and their asters migrate toward the poles of the cell.
The cell cycle phase following cytokinesis which begins with G1 phase, proceeds through S phase and G2 phase and ends when prophase of meiosis or mitosis begins. During interphase the cell readies itself for meiosis or mitosis and the replication of its DNA occurs.
The cell cycle phase which follows anaphase during M phase of mitosis and meiosis and during which the chromosomes arrive at the poles of the cell and the division of the cytoplasm starts.
A cell cycle phase during which nuclear division occurs, and which is comprises the phases: prophase, metaphase, anaphase and telophase and occurs as part of a meiotic cell cycle.
The cell cycle phase which begins after cytokinesis and ends when meiotic prophase begins. Meiotic cells have an interphase after each meiotic division, but only interphase I involves replication of the cell's DNA.
The cell cycle phase following cytokinesis which begins with G1 phase, proceeds through S phase and G2 phase and ends when mitotic prophase begins. During interphase the cell readies itself for mitosis and the replication of its DNA occurs.
The cell cycle 'gap' phase which is the interval between the completion of DNA segregation by meiosis and the beginning of DNA synthesis.
The cell cycle 'gap' phase which is the interval between the completion of DNA synthesis and the beginning of DNA segregation by meiosis.
The cell cycle phase, following G1, during which DNA synthesis takes place as part of a meiotic cell cycle.
A cellular localization process whereby a substance or cellular entity, such as a protein complex or organelle, is transported to, and/or maintained in, a specific location within a cell including the localization of substances or cellular entities to the cell membrane.
establishment and maintenance of cellular localization
establishment and maintenance of localization in cell or cell membrane
Any process in which an organism has an effect on an organism of the same species.
intraspecies interaction between organisms
intraspecies interaction with other organisms
biological process involved in intraspecies interaction between organisms
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus. The process begins with detection of the stimulus by a cell and ends with a change in state or activity or the cell.
A compound molecular function in which an effector function is controlled by one or more regulatory components.
The progression of physiological phases, occurring in the endometrium during the estrous cycle that recur at regular intervals during the reproductive years. The estrous cycle is an ovulation cycle where the endometrium is resorbed if pregnancy does not occur.
The estrous cycle phase which is a period of sexual quiescence and represents the phase of the mature corpus luteum.
The estrous cycle phase in which there is heightened follicular activity.
The estrous cycle phase in which a female is sexually receptive.
The estrous cycle phase in which there is subsiding follicular function.
Any process that contributes to cytokine production by a myeloid cell.
A cellular process involving delivery of a portion of the cytoplasm to lysosomes or to the plant or fungal vacuole that does not involve direct transport through the endocytic or vacuolar protein sorting (Vps) pathways. This process typically leads to degradation of the cargo; however, it can also be used to deliver resident proteins, such as in the cytoplasm-to-vacuole targeting (Cvt) pathway.
A type of extracellular matrix that surrounds the cells within a microbial biofilm. The matrix is composed of extracellular polymeric substances including exopolysaccharides, proteins, nucleic acids, lipids, and other biomolecules.
Any process that modulates a measurable attribute of any biological process, quality or function.
A protein complex that contains an ortholog of the Saccharomyces ATPase Swi2/Snf2 as one of the catalytic subunit components (ATPase) and mediates assembly of nucleosomes, changes to the spacing or structure of nucleosomes, or some combination of those activities in a manner that requires ATP.
SWI-SNF global transcription activator complex
SWI2/SNF2 superfamily ATP-dependent chromatin remodeling complex
The appearance of interleukin-35 due to biosynthesis or secretion following a cellular stimulus, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a chemical stimulus.
A process leading to the generation of a functional regulatory non-coding RNA.
gene silencing by RNA, production of guide RNA
gene silencing by RNA, production of small RNA
production of small RNA involved in gene silencing by RNA
A protein modification process in which a polypeptide is added to a nascent polypeptide cotranslationally by trans-translation.
protein modification by trans-translation
Note that this term is not a child of 'co-translational protein modification process ; GO:0043686' because co-translational protein modification implies modification of a previously incorporated amino acid in a nascent chain, rather than addition of new sequence to the C-terminus.
trans-translation-dependent protein tagging
A signaling process that delays the metaphase/anaphase transition until the spindle is correctly assembled and chromosomes are attached to the spindle.
signal transduction involved in spindle assembly checkpoint
Note that this term should not be used for direct manual annotation as it should always be possible to specify the type of spindle assembly checkpoint (mitotic or meiotic).
A signaling process that contributes to a mitotic cell cycle checkpoint that originates from the spindle and delays the metaphase/anaphase transition of a mitotic nuclear division until the spindle is correctly assembled and oriented, the completion of anaphase until chromosomes are attached to the spindle, or mitotic exit and cytokinesis when the spindle does not form.
signal transduction involved in mitotic cell cycle spindle checkpoint
signal transduction involved in mitotic spindle checkpoint
Note that this term should not be used for direct manual annotation as it should always be possible to specify the type of spindle checkpoint (assembly, orientation checkpoints).
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an abiotic (non-living) stimulus.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a biotic stimulus, a stimulus caused or produced by a living organism.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus by the chemical structure of the anion portion of the dissociated acid (rather than the acid acting as a proton donor). The acid chemical may be in gaseous, liquid or solid form.
This term should be used to describe a response to a specific acid as a chemical. E.g., if a cell were responding to glutamate, then the response would be glutamate-specific; the cell is actually responding to the chemical structure of the anion portion of the dissociated acid. Note that this term is in the subset of terms that should not be used for direct gene product annotation. Instead, select a child term or, if no appropriate child term exists, please request a new term. Direct annotations to this term may be amended during annotation QC. If annotating experiments where an acid is playing a role as a proton donor, please annotate to GO:0071468 'cellular response to acidic pH' instead.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a fluoxetine stimulus. Fluoxetine increases the extracellular level of the neurotransmitter serotonin by inhibiting its reuptake into the presynaptic cell, increasing the level of serotonin available to bind to the postsynaptic receptor.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus arising within the organism.
cellular response to endogenous stimulus
Response of endothelial cells to shear stress
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an external stimulus.
The appearance of monocyte chemotactic protein-1 due to biosynthesis or secretion following a cellular stimulus, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels.
monocyte chemotactic protein-1 production
The appearance of chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 4 due to biosynthesis or secretion following a cellular stimulus, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels.
macrophage inflammatory protein production
chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 4 production
The appearance of macrophage inflammatory protein-1 gamma due to biosynthesis or secretion following a cellular stimulus, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels.
chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 9 production
macrophage inflammatory protein-1 gamma production
The appearance of macrophage inflammatory protein 1 alpha due to biosynthesis or secretion following a cellular stimulus, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels.
chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 3 production
macrophage inflammatory protein-1 alpha production
The appearance of chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 5 due to biosynthesis or secretion following a cellular stimulus, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels.
Regulated upon Activation, Normal T-cell Expressed, and Secreted production
chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 5 production
The appearance of chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 1 due to biosynthesis or secretion following a cellular stimulus, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels.
chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 1 production
The appearance of granulocyte colony-stimulating factor due to biosynthesis or secretion following a cellular stimulus, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels.
colony stimulating factor 3 (granulocyte) production
granulocyte colony stimulating factor production
granulocyte colony-stimulating factor production
The appearance of IP-10 due to biosynthesis or secretion following a cellular stimulus, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels.
chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 10 production
The appearance of granzyme B due to biosynthesis or secretion following a cellular stimulus, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels.
The appearance of any member of the TNF superfamily due to biosynthesis or secretion following a cellular stimulus, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels.
tumor necrosis factor superfamily cytokine production
A process that results in the biosynthesis of constituent macromolecules, assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a cellular component.
cellular component organisation or biogenesis
cellular component organisation or biogenesis at cellular level
cellular component organization or biogenesis at cellular level
cellular component organization or biogenesis
The appearance of chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 22 (CCL22) due to biosynthesis or secretion following a cellular stimulus, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels.
chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 22 production
The appearance of thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP) due to biosynthesis or secretion following a cellular stimulus, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels.
The appearance of chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 11 (CCL11, also known as eotaxin-1) due to biosynthesis or secretion following a cellular stimulus, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels.
chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 11 production
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the renal system over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The renal system maintains fluid balance and contributes to electrolyte balance, acid/base balance, and disposal of nitrogenous waste products. In humans, the renal system comprises a pair of kidneys, a pair of ureters, urinary bladder, urethra, sphincter muscle and associated blood vessels.
Any developmental process that results in the creation of defined areas or spaces within an organism to which cells respond and eventually are instructed to differentiate into the anatomical structures of the renal system.
The directed movement of modified amino acids into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.
The appearance of tumor necrosis factor superfamily member 11 (TNFSF11; RANKL) due to biosynthesis or secretion following a cellular stimulus, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels.
tumor necrosis factor ligand superfamily member 11 production
tumor necrosis factor (ligand) superfamily member 11 production
The appearance of chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 1 due to biosynthesis or secretion following a cellular stimulus, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels.
keratinocyte derived chemokine production
chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 1 production
The appearance of chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 2 due to biosynthesis or secretion following a cellular stimulus, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels.
chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 2 production
The appearance of interleukin-28A due to biosynthesis or secretion following a cellular stimulus, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels.
The appearance of interleukin-28B due to biosynthesis or secretion following a cellular stimulus, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels.
The appearance of interleukin-29 due to biosynthesis or secretion following a cellular stimulus, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels.
The appearance of interleukin-30 due to biosynthesis or secretion following a cellular stimulus, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels.
The appearance of interleukin-31 due to biosynthesis or secretion following a cellular stimulus, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels.
The appearance of interleukin-32 due to biosynthesis or secretion following a cellular stimulus, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels.
The appearance of interleukin-33 due to biosynthesis or secretion following a cellular stimulus, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels.
The appearance of interferon-delta due to biosynthesis or secretion following a cellular stimulus, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels.
The appearance of interferon-epsilon due to biosynthesis or secretion following a cellular stimulus, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels.
The appearance of interferon-kappa due to biosynthesis or secretion following a cellular stimulus, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels.
The appearance of interferon-tau due to biosynthesis or secretion following a cellular stimulus, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels.
The appearance of interferon-omega due to biosynthesis or secretion following a cellular stimulus, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels.
A phase of population growth during which single celled organisms reproduce by budding, fission, or other asexual methods.
vegetative growth of a single-celled organism
single-celled organism vegetative growth phase
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of a response to stress. Response to stress is a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a disturbance in organismal or cellular homeostasis, usually, but not necessarily, exogenous (e.g. temperature, humidity, ionizing radiation).
Any process that modulates the rate, frequency, or extent of the spindle checkpoint, a cell cycle checkpoint that delays the metaphase/anaphase transition until the spindle is correctly assembled and oriented, and chromosomes are attached to the spindle.
Note that this term should not be used for direct manual annotation as it should always be possible to specify the type of checkpoint (i.e mitotic spindle or DNA damage etc).
Any process that increases the rate, frequency, or extent of the spindle checkpoint, a cell cycle checkpoint that delays the metaphase/anaphase transition until the spindle is correctly assembled and oriented, and chromosomes are attached to the spindle.
positive regulation of spindle checkpoint
Any process that decreases the rate, frequency, or extent of the spindle checkpoint, a cell cycle checkpoint that delays the metaphase/anaphase transition until the spindle is correctly assembled and oriented, and chromosomes are attached to the spindle.
negative regulation of spindle checkpoint
The appearance of a fibroblast growth factor due to biosynthesis or secretion following a cellular stimulus, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels.
Any cellular metabolic process involving nucleic acids.
The regulated release of a prostaglandin that contributes to the immune response. Prostaglandins are a group of biologically active metabolites which contain a cyclopentane ring.
prostaglandin secretion involved in immune response
The appearance of any platelet-derived growth factor due to biosynthesis or secretion following a cellular stimulus, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels.
platelet-derived growth factor production
The appearance of interleukin-17A due to biosynthesis or secretion following a cellular stimulus, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels.
The appearance of interleukin-17F due to biosynthesis or secretion following a cellular stimulus, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a bronchodilator stimulus. A bronchodilator is a chemical that causes an increase in the expansion of a bronchus or bronchial tubes.
The appearance of chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 19 (CCL19) due to biosynthesis or secretion following a cellular stimulus, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels.
macrophage inflammatory protein-3-beta production
chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 19 production
The appearance of chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 21 (CCL21) due to biosynthesis or secretion following a cellular stimulus, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels.
chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 21 production
The appearance of chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 12 (CXCL12) due to biosynthesis or secretion following a cellular stimulus, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels.
chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 12 production
The appearance of chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 13 (CXCL13) due to biosynthesis or secretion following a cellular stimulus, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels.
chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 13 production
The appearance of chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 16 (CXCL16) due to biosynthesis or secretion following a cellular stimulus, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels.
chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 16 production
Any process involved in the controlled movement of a sperm cell.
A membrane that is a (regional) part of the plasma membrane.
Note that this term should not be used for direct manual annotation as it should always be possible to choose a more specific subclass.
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a bone cell over time, from initial commitment of the cell to a specific fate, to the fully functional differentiated cell.
Not to be used for manual annotation. Please choose a more specific cell development term or if not possible, bone or bone tissue development.
One of the distinct periods or stages into which the meiotic cell cycle is divided. Each phase is characterized by the occurrence of specific biochemical and morphological events.
This term should not be used for direct annotation. If you are trying to make an annotation to x phase, it is likely that the correct annotation should be to 'regulation of x/y phase transition' or to a process which occurs during the reported phase (e.g. mitotic DNA replication for mitotic S-phase). To capture the phase when a specific location or process is observed, the phase term can be used in an annotation extension (PMID:24885854) applied to a cellular component term (with the relation exists_during) or a biological process term (with the relation happens_during).
One of the distinct periods or stages into which the mitotic cell cycle is divided. Each phase is characterized by the occurrence of specific biochemical and morphological events.
A meiotic cell cycle phase prior to a during which some part of meiosis I nuclear division or the proceeding cytokinesis occurs.
A meiotic cell cycle phase that occurs after meiosis I (the first meiotic nuclear division).
The meiotic cell cycle phase in eukaryotes between meiotic prophase I and meiotic metaphase I. During meiotic prometaphase I, the nuclear envelope breaks down and one kinetochore forms per chromosome. Chromosomes attach to spindle microtubules and begin to move towards the metaphase plate.
A molecular function regulator regulates the activity of its target via non-covalent binding that does not result in covalent modification to the target. Examples of molecular function regulators include regulatory subunits of multimeric enzymes and channels. Mechanisms of regulation include allosteric changes in the target and competitive inhibition.
A protein complex that is part of a mitochondrion.
mitochondrial protein-containing complex
Any protein complex that is part of the plasma membrane and which functions as a signaling receptor.
plasma membrane signaling receptor complex
Development of a sorocarp formed by aggregation of cells with different genotypes.
Development a structure consisting of multiple co-operating unicellular organisms of the same species, involving cells of more that one genotype.
Development of a non-reproductive fruiting body formed by aggregation of cells with different genotypes.
chimeric non-reproductive fruiting body development
Any (proper) part of the cytosol of a single cell of sufficient size to still be considered cytosol.
Any (proper) part of the cytoplasm of a single cell of sufficient size to still be considered cytoplasm.
The complete extent of cell cortex that underlies some some region of the plasma membrane.
The release of duplicated spindle pole bodies (SPBs) and their migration away from each other within the nuclear membrane. Duplicated SPBs are connected by a bridge structure that is severed in order to release the SPBs from one another. Following liberation, SPBs diffuse through the nuclear membrane until they are across from each other. SPB separation must take place in order for a bipolar spindle to assemble.
A part of a cellular organism consisting of a material entity with granularity above the level of a protein complex but below that of an anatomical system. Note that cellular organisms exclude viruses.
The cellular processes that contribute to exocytosis.
A molecular function that controls the rate, timing and/or magnitude of gene transcription. The function of transcriptional regulators is to modulate gene expression at the transcription step so that they are expressed in the right cell at the right time and in the right amount throughout the life of the cell and the organism. Genes are transcriptional units, and include bacterial operons.
Binding to and carrying a cargo between the nucleus and the cytoplasm by moving along with the cargo. The cargo can be either a RNA or a protein.
nucleocytoplasmic importin/exportin activity
A stable assembly of two or more macromolecules, i.e. proteins, nucleic acids, carbohydrates or lipids, in which at least one component is a protein and the constituent parts function together in the nucleus.
A molecular function characterized by the coupling of ATP hydrolysis to other steps of a reaction mechanism to make the reaction energetically favorable, for example to catalyze a reaction or drive transport against a concentration gradient.
Note that this term represents a grouping class that includes all proteins that use ATP hydrolysis to drive a reaction; it is not meant to capture the ATP hydrolysis reaction itself. To annotate ATP hydrolysis, please use 'ATP hydrolysis activity ; GO:0016887'.
Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + GTP = 2 diphosphate + cyclic GMP-AMP.
Note that this term should not be used for direct annotation. It should be possible to annotate to a more specific child term that describes the position of the phosphate group on the cGAMP molecule.
Binding to cyclic GMP-AMP (cGAMP) nucleotide.
The appearance of amphiregulin due to biosynthesis or secretion following a cellular stimulus, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels. Amphiregulin (AREG) is a ligand of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), a widely expressed transmembrane tyrosine kinase. AREG is synthesized as a membrane-anchored precursor protein that can engage in juxtacrine signaling on adjacent cells. Alternatively, after proteolytic processing by cell membrane proteases, mainly TACE/ADAM17, AREG is secreted and behaves as an autocrine or paracrine factor.
The appearance of XCL1 due to biosynthesis or secretion following a cellular stimulus, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels.
The biosynthetic process resulting in the formation of a nucleic acid.
The cellular DNA metabolic process resulting in the breakdown of a nucleic acid.
The appearance of interleukin-37 due to biosynthesis or secretion following a cellular stimulus, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels.
The appearance of interleukin-34 due to biosynthesis or secretion following a cellular stimulus, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels.
Enables the transfer of a lipid from one side of a membrane to the other.
lipid transmembrane transporter activity
A molecular function required for translation of a mRNA into a protein functioning as part of initiation, elongation or termination of translation.
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cellular response to alkalinity.
negative regulation of cellular response to alkalinity
down regulation of cellular response to alkaline pH
down regulation of cellular response to basic pH
down-regulation of cellular response to alkaline pH
down-regulation of cellular response to basic pH
downregulation of cellular response to alkaline pH
downregulation of cellular response to basic pH
negative regulation of cellular response to basic pH
inhibition of cellular response to alkaline pH
inhibition of cellular response to alkalinity
inhibition of cellular response to basic pH
down regulation of cellular response to alkalinity
down-regulation of cellular response to alkalinity
downregulation of cellular response to alkalinity
negative regulation of cellular response to alkaline pH
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cellular hyperosmotic salinity response.
down regulation of cellular response to hyperosmotic salt stress
down-regulation of cellular response to hyperosmotic salt stress
downregulation of cellular response to hyperosmotic salt stress
negative regulation of cellular response to hyperosmotic salt stress
inhibition of cellular hyperosmotic salinity response
inhibition of cellular response to hyperosmotic salt stress
down regulation of cellular hyperosmotic salinity response
down-regulation of cellular hyperosmotic salinity response
downregulation of cellular hyperosmotic salinity response
negative regulation of cellular hyperosmotic salinity response
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of sulfite transmembrane transport.
positive regulation of sulfite transport
positive regulation of sulphite transport
positive regulation of sulfite transmembrane transport
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of a protein or other molecule binding to a receptor.
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of a protein or other molecule binding to a receptor.
down regulation of receptor-associated protein activity
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of a protein or other molecule binding to a receptor.
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of lipid binding.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a nitrogen compound stimulus.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a nitrogen compound stimulus.
cellular response to nitrogen molecular entity
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an oxygen-containing compound stimulus.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of calcium ion binding.
regulation of calcium ion storage activity
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of calcium ion binding.
down regulation of calcium ion storage activity
down-regulation of calcium ion storage activity
downregulation of calcium ion storage activity
inhibition of calcium ion storage activity
negative regulation of calcium ion storage activity
negative regulation of calcium ion binding
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cell cycle checkpoint.
regulation of G1/S transition checkpoint
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cell cycle checkpoint.
down regulation of cell cycle checkpoint
down-regulation of cell cycle checkpoint
negative regulation of G1/S transition checkpoint
negative regulation of cell cycle checkpoint
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of mRNA binding.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of mRNA binding.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a cyclophosphamide stimulus.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a docetaxel trihydrate stimulus.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a doxorubicin stimulus.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an etoposide stimulus.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a 4'-epidoxorubicin stimulus.
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of DNA replication origin binding.
down regulation of DNA replication origin binding
down-regulation of DNA replication origin binding
downregulation of DNA replication origin binding
inhibition of DNA replication origin binding
negative regulation of DNA replication origin binding
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of DNA replication origin binding.
up regulation of DNA replication origin binding
up-regulation of DNA replication origin binding
upregulation of DNA replication origin binding
activation of DNA replication origin binding
positive regulation of DNA replication origin binding
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of RNA polymerase II regulatory region sequence-specific DNA binding.
regulation of RNA polymerase II regulatory region sequence-specific DNA binding
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of RNA polymerase II regulatory region sequence-specific DNA binding.
down regulation of RNA polymerase II regulatory region sequence-specific DNA binding
down-regulation of RNA polymerase II regulatory region sequence-specific DNA binding
downregulation of RNA polymerase II regulatory region sequence-specific DNA binding
inhibition of RNA polymerase II regulatory region sequence-specific DNA binding
negative regulation of RNA polymerase II regulatory region sequence-specific DNA binding
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of microtubule plus-end binding.
up regulation of microtubule plus-end binding
up-regulation of microtubule plus-end binding
upregulation of microtubule plus-end binding
activation of microtubule plus-end binding
positive regulation of microtubule plus-end binding
A process that is part of the meiotic cell cycle.
A process that is part of the mitotic cell cycle.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a simvastatin stimulus. Simvastatin is a statin used as a cholesterol-lowering and anti-cardiovascular disease drug.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of mitotic spindle checkpoint.
regulation of mitotic cell cycle spindle checkpoint
Note that this term should not be used for direct manual annotation as it should always be possible to specify the type of spindle checkpoint (assembly, orientation or Dma1-dependent).
regulation of mitotic spindle checkpoint
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of GTP binding.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of GTP binding.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of ferrous iron binding.
positive regulation of ferrous iron binding
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of transferrin receptor binding.
up regulation of transferrin receptor binding
up-regulation of transferrin receptor binding
upregulation of transferrin receptor binding
activation of transferrin receptor binding
positive regulation of transferrin receptor binding
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of microtubule binding.
regulation of microtubule severing activity
regulation of microtubule/chromatin interaction
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of microtubule binding.
down regulation of microtubule severing activity
down regulation of microtubule/chromatin interaction
down-regulation of microtubule severing activity
down-regulation of microtubule/chromatin interaction
downregulation of microtubule severing activity
downregulation of microtubule/chromatin interaction
inhibition of microtubule severing activity
inhibition of microtubule/chromatin interaction
negative regulation of microtubule severing activity
negative regulation of microtubule/chromatin interaction
negative regulation of microtubule binding
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of microtubule binding.
activation of microtubule severing activity
activation of microtubule/chromatin interaction
positive regulation of microtubule severing activity
positive regulation of microtubule/chromatin interaction
up regulation of microtubule severing activity
up regulation of microtubule/chromatin interaction
up-regulation of microtubule severing activity
up-regulation of microtubule/chromatin interaction
upregulation of microtubule severing activity
upregulation of microtubule/chromatin interaction
positive regulation of microtubule binding
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of actin filament binding.
down regulation of actin filament binding
down-regulation of actin filament binding
downregulation of actin filament binding
down regulation of actin cross-linking activity
down-regulation of actin cross-linking activity
downregulation of actin cross-linking activity
inhibition of actin cross-linking activity
negative regulation of actin cross-linking activity
negative regulation of actin filament binding
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of actin filament binding.
activation of actin cross-linking activity
positive regulation of actin cross-linking activity
up regulation of actin cross-linking activity
up-regulation of actin cross-linking activity
upregulation of actin cross-linking activity
positive regulation of actin filament binding
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of actin binding.
regulation of membrane associated actin binding
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of telomeric DNA binding.
down regulation of telomeric DNA binding
down regulation of telomeric repeat binding
down-regulation of telomeric DNA binding
down-regulation of telomeric repeat binding
downregulation of telomeric repeat binding
negative regulation of telomeric repeat binding
negative regulation of telomeric DNA binding
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of telomeric DNA binding.
positive regulation of telomeric repeat binding
up regulation of telomeric repeat binding
up-regulation of telomeric repeat binding
upregulation of telomeric repeat binding
positive regulation of telomeric DNA binding
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of core promoter binding.
down regulation of core promoter binding
down-regulation of core promoter binding
negative regulation of core promoter binding
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of core promoter binding.
positive regulation of core promoter binding
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a haloperidol stimulus.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a haloperidol stimulus.
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of RNA binding.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of RNA binding.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of G-quadruplex DNA binding.
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of low-density lipoprotein particle receptor binding.
down regulation of low-density lipoprotein particle receptor binding
down regulation of low-density lipoprotein receptor binding
down-regulation of low-density lipoprotein particle receptor binding
down-regulation of low-density lipoprotein receptor binding
downregulation of low-density lipoprotein particle receptor binding
downregulation of low-density lipoprotein receptor binding
negative regulation of LDL receptor binding
negative regulation of low-density lipoprotein receptor binding
inhibition of low-density lipoprotein particle receptor binding
inhibition of low-density lipoprotein receptor binding
negative regulation of low-density lipoprotein particle receptor binding
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of low-density lipoprotein particle receptor binding.
positive regulation of LDL receptor binding
positive regulation of low-density lipoprotein receptor binding
up regulation of low-density lipoprotein particle receptor binding
up regulation of low-density lipoprotein receptor binding
up-regulation of low-density lipoprotein particle receptor binding
up-regulation of low-density lipoprotein receptor binding
upregulation of low-density lipoprotein particle receptor binding
upregulation of low-density lipoprotein receptor binding
activation of low-density lipoprotein particle receptor binding
activation of low-density lipoprotein receptor binding
positive regulation of low-density lipoprotein particle receptor binding
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of mRNA cap binding.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of RNA polymerase II regulatory region sequence-specific DNA binding.
up regulation of RNA polymerase II regulatory region sequence-specific DNA binding
up-regulation of RNA polymerase II regulatory region sequence-specific DNA binding
upregulation of RNA polymerase II regulatory region sequence-specific DNA binding
activation of RNA polymerase II regulatory region sequence-specific DNA binding
positive regulation of RNA polymerase II regulatory region sequence-specific DNA binding
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a temozolomide stimulus.
The sumoylation by a protein of one or more of its own amino acid residues, or residues on an identical protein.
A life cycle stage during which the reproductive capacity and fitness of an organism declines.
The appearance of a endothelin due to biosynthesis or secretion following a cellular stimulus, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels. Endothelins are endothelium-derived vasoactive peptides involved in a variety of biological functions.
A process in which a host organism modulates the frequency, rate or extent of a viral gene product binding to RNA.
modulation by host of viral protein:RNA interaction
Note that the bound RNA may originate from the virus or another organism, including the host.
modulation by host of RNA binding by virus
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of apolipoprotein binding.
negative regulation of apolipoprotein binding
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of transcription regulatory region DNA binding.
regulation of transcription regulatory region DNA binding
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of transcription regulatory region DNA binding.
negative regulation of transcription regulatory region DNA binding
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of transcription regulatory region DNA binding.
positive regulation of transcription regulatory region DNA binding