Rhea list of ChEBI terms representing the major species at pH 7.3.
Term not to be used for direct annotation
Term not to be used for direct manual annotation
The directed movement of neurotransmitters into neurons or glial cells. This process leads to inactivation and recycling of neurotransmitters.
The vesicular release of classical neurotransmitter molecules from a presynapse, across a chemical synapse, the subsequent activation of neurotransmitter receptors at the postsynapse of a target cell (neuron, muscle, or secretory cell) and the effects of this activation on the postsynaptic membrane potential and ionic composition of the postsynaptic cytosol. This process encompasses both spontaneous and evoked release of neurotransmitter and all parts of synaptic vesicle exocytosis. Evoked transmission starts with the arrival of an action potential at the presynapse.
The regulated release of neurotransmitter from the presynapse into the synaptic cleft via calcium-regulated exocytosis during synaptic transmission.
A neurotransmitter is any of a group of substances that are released on excitation from the axon terminal of a presynaptic neuron of the central or peripheral nervous system and travel across the synaptic cleft to either excite or inhibit the target cell. Among the many substances that have the properties of a neurotransmitter are acetylcholine, noradrenaline, adrenaline, dopamine, glycine, gamma-aminobutyrate, glutamic acid, substance P, enkephalins, endorphins and serotonin.
The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form a synapse. This process ends when the synapse is mature (functional).
A secretory organelle, typically 50 nm in diameter, of presynaptic nerve terminals; accumulates in high concentrations of neurotransmitters and secretes these into the synaptic cleft by fusion with the 'active zone' of the presynaptic plasma membrane.
This term should not be confused with GO:0097547 'synaptic vesicle protein transport vesicle'. STVs and synaptic vesicles differ both functionally and morphologically. Functionally, STVs are transport vesicles that deliver synaptic vesicle proteins to synapses, while synaptic vesicles are responsible for transmitter release at synapses. Morphologically, synaptic vesicles are very homogeneous, while STVs are very heterogeneous in size and shape. STVs might be a precursor for synaptic vesicles.
The process in which a neuronal cell in a multicellular organism interprets signals produced by potential target cells, with which it may form synapses.
The directed movement of organelles or molecules along microtubules in neuron projections.
The directed movement of organelles or molecules along microtubules from the cell body toward the cell periphery in nerve cell axons.
The directed movement of organelles or molecules along microtubules from the cell periphery toward the cell body in nerve cell axons.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of synaptic vesicle priming. Synaptic vesicle priming is the formation of SNARE-containing complexes, bringing synaptic vesicle membrane and plasma membranes into close proximity and thereby facilitating membrane fusion.
An electron dense network of proteins within and adjacent to the postsynaptic membrane of an asymmetric, neuron-neuron synapse. Its major components include neurotransmitter receptors and the proteins that spatially and functionally organize them such as anchoring and scaffolding molecules, signaling enzymes and cytoskeletal components.
Fusion of intracellular membrane-bounded vesicles with the pre-synaptic membrane of the neuronal cell resulting in release of neurotransmitter into the synaptic cleft.
The initial (indirect) attachment of a synaptic vesicle membrane to the presynaptic active zone membrane, mediated by proteins protruding from the membrane and proteins of the presynaptic active zone cytoplasmic component. Synaptic vesicle tethering is the first step in this process.
synaptic vesicle docking involved in exocytosis
synaptic vesicle docking during exocytosis
Although this process can occur outside of synaptic transmission, by convention we treat it as a part of synaptic transmission (dos, pvn, fk synapse project 2015).
A process that converts synaptic vesicles to a state of competence for calcium triggered fusion with the active zone membrane by bringing the two membranes into very close proximity. Priming typically (but not always) occurs after docking (Jahn and Fasshauer, 2012). Primed vesicles are also capable of spontaneously fusing with the active zone membrane.
Although this process can occur outside of synaptic transmission, by convention we treat it as a part of synaptic transmission. (dos, pvn, fk synapse project 2015)
Budding of synaptic vesicles during the formation of constitutive recycling vesicles from early endosomes.
synaptic vesicle budding involved in synaptic vesicle exocytosis
The formation of clathrin coated pits in the presynaptic membrane endocytic zone, triggered by the presence of high concentrations of synaptic vesicle components. This process leads to, but does not include budding of the membrane to form new vesicles.
Evagination of the presynaptic membrane, resulting in the formation of a new synaptic vesicle.
synaptic vesicle budding from pre-synaptic membrane
synaptic vesicle budding involved in synaptic vesicle endocytosis
synaptic vesicle budding from presynaptic endocytic zone membrane
Fusion of a synaptic vesicle with an endosome.
This covers fusion of synaptic vesicles trafficked to the synapse as well as fusion of endocytosed vesicles as part of recycling. It is there for not part of the synaptic vesicle cycle.
The removal of the protein coat on a synaptic vesicle following the pinching step at the end of budding from the presynaptic membrane.
synaptic vesicle coat protein depolymerization
The directed movement of mitochondria along microtubules in nerve cell axons.
The lipid bilayer surrounding a synaptic vesicle.
Fusion of the membrane of a synaptic vesicle with the presynaptic active zone membrane, thereby releasing its cargo neurotransmitters into the synaptic cleft.
synaptic vesicle fusion to pre-synaptic membrane
synaptic vesicle fusion to presynaptic membrane
synaptic vesicle fusion to presynaptic active zone membrane
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of synaptic vesicle fusion to the presynaptic membrane.
regulation of synaptic vesicle fusion to pre-synaptic membrane
regulation of synaptic vesicle fusion to presynaptic membrane
regulation of synaptic vesicle fusion to presynaptic active zone membrane
The volume enclosed by the synaptic vesicle membrane.
Synaptic vesicle recycling where vesicles endocytosed via clathrin-coated pits re-acidify and refill with neurotransmitters after passing through an endosomal intermediate.
recycling endosome localization within postsynapse
A specialized area of membrane of the axon terminal that faces the plasma membrane of the neuron or muscle fiber with which the axon terminal establishes a synaptic junction; many synaptic junctions exhibit structural presynaptic characteristics, such as conical, electron-dense internal protrusions, that distinguish it from the remainder of the axon plasma membrane.
The narrow gap that separates the presynaptic and postsynaptic membranes, into which neurotransmitter is released.
A small, membranous protrusion from a dendrite that forms a postsynaptic compartment, typically receiving input from a single presynapse. They function as partially isolated biochemical and an electrical compartments. Spine morphology is variable:they can be thin, stubby, mushroom, or branched, with a continuum of intermediate morphologies. They typically terminate in a bulb shape, linked to the dendritic shaft by a restriction. Spine remodeling is though to be involved in synaptic plasticity.
The junction between an axon of one neuron and a dendrite of another neuron, a muscle fiber or a glial cell. As the axon approaches the synapse it enlarges into a specialized structure, the presynaptic terminal bouton, which contains mitochondria and synaptic vesicles. At the tip of the terminal bouton is the presynaptic membrane; facing it, and separated from it by a minute cleft (the synaptic cleft) is a specialized area of membrane on the receiving cell, known as the postsynaptic membrane. In response to the arrival of nerve impulses, the presynaptic terminal bouton secretes molecules of neurotransmitters into the synaptic cleft. These diffuse across the cleft and transmit the signal to the postsynaptic membrane.
A specialized area of membrane facing the presynaptic membrane on the tip of the nerve ending and separated from it by a minute cleft (the synaptic cleft). Neurotransmitters cross the synaptic cleft and transmit the signal to the postsynaptic membrane.
A vesicle-mediated transport process, in which the synaptic vesicle membrane constituents are retrieved from the presynaptic membrane on the axon terminal after neurotransmitter secretion by exocytosis. Synaptic vesicle endocytosis can occur via clathrin-dependent and clathrin-independent mechanisms.
The directed movement of synaptic vesicles.
The directed movement of synaptic vesicle along axonal microtubules from the cell body to the presynapse.
anterograde axonal transport of synaptic vesicle
The directed movement of synaptic vesicle along axonal microtubules from the presynapse to the cell body.
retrograde axonal transport of synaptic vesicle
A specialized region of the plasma membrane and cell cortex of a presynaptic neuron; encompasses a region of the plasma membrane where synaptic vesicles dock and fuse, and a specialized cortical cytoskeletal matrix.
The membrane portion of the presynaptic active zone; it is the site where docking and fusion of synaptic vesicles occurs for the release of neurotransmitters.
active zone pre-synaptic plasma membrane
A process which maintains the organization and the arrangement of proteins at the active zone to ensure the fusion and docking of vesicles and the release of neurotransmitters.
maintenance of pre-synaptic active zone structure
maintenance of presynaptic active zone structure
Any process that modulates the frequency or amplitude of synaptic transmission, the process of communication from a neuron to a target (neuron, muscle, or secretory cell) across a synapse. Amplitude, in this case, refers to the change in postsynaptic membrane potential due to a single instance of synaptic transmission.
regulation of chemical synaptic transmission
modulation of chemical synaptic transmission
Any process that modulates the physical form of a synapse, the junction between a neuron and a target (neuron, muscle, or secretory cell).
regulation of synapse organization and biogenesis
A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a synapse, the junction between a neuron and a target (neuron, muscle, or secretory cell).
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of a neurotransmitter into a neuron or glial cell.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of synapse assembly, the aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form a synapse.
The process that organizes a synapse so that it attains its fully functional state. Synaptic maturation plays a critical role in the establishment of effective synaptic connections in early development.
Any process that modulates the potential difference across a post-synaptic membrane.
regulation of post-synaptic membrane potential
regulation of postsynaptic membrane potential
Any process that modulates the extent of synapse maturation, the process that organizes a synapse so that it attains its fully functional state.
A specialized area of membrane on either the presynaptic or the postsynaptic side of a synapse, the junction between a nerve fiber of one neuron and another neuron or muscle fiber or glial cell.
The process that results in grouping synaptic vesicles in presynaptic structures.
The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form a postsynaptic membrane, a specialized area of membrane facing the presynaptic membrane on the tip of the nerve ending and separated from it by a minute cleft (the synaptic cleft).
The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form a presynaptic membrane, including any proteins associated with the membrane, but excluding other cellular components. A presynaptic membrane is a specialized area of membrane of the axon terminal that faces the plasma membrane of the neuron or muscle fiber with which the axon terminal establishes a synaptic junction.
Note that 'presynaptic membrane' in this term should not be mistaken with 'presynaptic active zone'. The latter encompasses more than the former, as it also includes the specialized cortical cytoskeletal matrix in the cell cortex of a presynaptic neuron.
The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form a postsynaptic density, a region that lies adjacent to the cytoplasmic face of the postsynaptic membrane at excitatory synapse.
The acidification of the synaptic vesicle lumen via transport of protons into the vesicle. The resulting electrochemical gradient powers neurotransmitter loading.
A specialization of the endomembrane system found in some classes of dendritic spines consisting of two or more closely apposed lamellae with interspersed electron dense material. The endomembrane component is continuous with the smooth endoplasmic reticulum.
A synapse of a mossy fiber onto the dendrite of a granule cell; each mossy fiber can have up to 50 rosettes.
cerebellar mossy fiber to granule cell synapse
The component of the neuronal dense core vesicle membrane consisting of gene products and protein complexes that are loosely bound to one of its surfaces, but not integrated into the hydrophobic region.
extrinsic component of neuronal dense core vesicle membrane
A ribbon synpase of an auditory hair cell of the cochlear. These ribbon synapses contain spherical synaptic ribbons and lack and arciform density.
A ribbon synapse between a retinal photoreceptor cell (rod or cone) and a retinal bipolar cell. These contain a plate-like synaptic ribbon.
A synapse between the Schaffer collateral axon of a CA3 pyramidal cell and a CA1 pyramidal cell.
One of the giant synapses that form between the mossy fiber axons of dentate gyrus granule cells and the large complex spines of CA3 pyramidal cells. It consists of a giant bouton known as the mossy fiber expansion, synapsed to the complex, multiheaded spine (thorny excresence) of a CA3 pyramidal cell.
An excitatory synapse formed by the parallel fibers of granule cells synapsing onto the dendrites of Purkinje cells.
A synapse that uses glycine as a neurotransmitter.
A synapse that uses dopamine as a neurotransmitter.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the synaptic vesicle cycle.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of synaptic vesicle budding from presynaptic endocytic zone membrane.
regulation of synaptic vesicle budding from presynaptic endocytic zone membrane
Any inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor activity that is involved in regulation of postsynaptic cytosolic calcium ion concentration.
IP3 receptor activity involved in regulation of postsynaptic cytosolic calcium levels
inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor activity involved in regulation of postsynaptic cytosolic calcium levels
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of neurotransmitter receptor localization to postsynaptic specialization membrane.
regulation of neurotransmitter receptor localization to postsynaptic specialization membrane
Any ryanodine-sensitive calcium-release channel activity that is involved in regulation of postsynaptic cytosolic calcium ion concentration.
ryanodine-sensitive calcium-release channel activity involved in regulation of postsynaptic cytosolic calcium levels
The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form a postsynaptic specialization, a region that lies adjacent to the cytoplasmic face of the postsynaptic membrane.
The action of a molecule that contributes to the structural integrity of a presynaptic actin cytoskeleton.
structural constituent of presynaptic actin cytoskeleton
The active transport of neurotransmitters into a synaptic vesicle. This import is fuelled by an electrochemical gradient across the vesicle membrane, established by the action of proton pumps.
neurotransmitter import into synaptic vesicle
neurotransmitter uptake into synaptic vesicle
synaptic vesicle neurotransmitter loading
neurotransmitter loading into synaptic vesicle
The part of a synapse that is part of the presynaptic cell.
The part of a synapse that is part of the post-synaptic cell.
The directed movement of neurotransmitter molecules from the extrasynaptic space into the presynaptic cytosol.
The low level of synaptic transmission that occurs via spontaneous neurotransmitter release into the synaptic cleft in the absence of a presynaptic action potential.
This is typically measured via detection of mini excitatory post-synaptic currents (mEPSCs).
A protein complex that spans the synaptic cleft and has parts in both the pre- and post-synaptic membranes.
An endosome present in the presynapse that fuses with endocytic vesicles arising in the presynaptic endocytic zone. This organelle is believed to be involved in regeneration of synaptic vesicles.
As of 2015, there is still controversy over the nature of presynaptic endosomes and their relationship to regular endosomes. See Jahne et al., 2015 (PMID:25939282) for details.
A specialized region below the presynaptic membrane, characterized by electron-dense material, a specialized cytoskeletal matrix and accumulated (associated) synaptic vesicles.
presynaptic active zone cytoplasmic component
A specialized region of the plasma membrane and underlying cytoplasm which surround the the active zone, into which synaptic vesicle membranes are recycled following exocytosis. It is especially enriched in endocytic proteins following intense activity.
The cytoplasmic component of the presynaptic endocytic zone.
presynaptic endocytic zone cytoplasmic component
The region of the presynaptic membrane that is part of the presynaptic endocytic zone - where synaptic vesicles are endocytosed and recycled following release.
A recycling endosome of the postsynapse. In postsynaptic terminals with dendritic spines, it is typically located at the base of a dendritic spine. It is involved in recycling of neurotransmitter receptors to the postsynaptic membrane. In some cases at least, this recycling is activated by postsynaptic signaling and so can play a role in long term potentiation.
postsynaptic endosomal recycling compartment
The membrane component of the postsynaptic density. This is the region of the postsynaptic membrane in which the population of neurotransmitter receptors involved in synaptic transmission are concentrated.
An early endosome of the postsynapse. It acts as the major sorting station on the endocytic pathway, targeting neurotransmitter receptors for degregation or recycling.
Commonly used markers for postsynaptic early endosomes include RAB5A and EEA1.
A stably positioned site of clathrin adjacent and physically attached to the postsynaptic specialization, which is the site of endocytosis of post-synaptic proteins.
The region of the postsynaptic membrane that is part of the postsynaptic endocytic zone. This region of membrane is associated with stable clathrin puncta.
An endosomal compartment that is part of the post-synapse. Only early and recycling endosomes are typically present in the postsynapse.
The component of the synaptic vesicle membrane consisting of gene products and protein complexes that are loosely bound to one of its surfaces, but not integrated into the hydrophobic region.
extrinsic component of synaptic vesicle membrane
The actin cytoskeleton that is part of a postsynapse.
A G protein-coupled neurotransmitter receptor activity occurring in the postsynaptic membrane, that is involved in regulating the cytosolic concentration of calcium ions in the postsynapse.
G-protein coupled neurotransmitter receptor activity involved in regulation of postsynaptic cytosolic calcium ion concentration
G-protein coupled neurotransmitter receptor activity involved in regulation of postsynaptic cytosolic calcium levels
G protein-coupled neurotransmitter receptor activity involved in regulation of postsynaptic cytosolic calcium ion concentration
The directed movement of neurotransmitter receptor to the plasma membrane in transport vesicles.
neurotransmitter receptor transport to plasma membrane
The action of a molecule that contributes to the structural integrity of a postsynaptic specialization.
structural constituent of postsynaptic specialization
A process which maintains the organization and the arrangement of proteins in the presynaptic specialization.
maintenance of postsynaptic specialization structure
The exocytic fusion of neurotransmitter receptor-containing vesicles with plasma membrane, resulting in the integration of neurotransmitter receptors into the plasma membrane. This process includes tethering and docking steps that prepare vesicles for fusion.
exocytic insertion of neurotransmitter receptor to plasma membrane
The action of a molecule that contributes to the structural integrity of a presynaptic active zone.
structural constituent of presynaptic active zone
A cellular process that results in the controlled breakdown of synapse. After it starts the process is continuous until the synapse has disappeared.
A receptor-mediated endocytosis process that results in the internalization of a neurotransmitter receptor from the postsynaptic membrane endocytic zone into an endocytic vesicle.
postsynaptic neurotransmitter receptor endocytosis
postsynaptic neurotransmitter receptor internalization
Any process that modifies the structure of a postsynaptic actin cytoskeleton.
postsynaptic actin cytoskeleton remodelling
This class does not cover assembly or disassembly of synapses, only the modification/remodelling of existing ones.
modification of postsynaptic actin cytoskeleton
The directed movement of neurotransmitter receptor from the postsynaptic endosome to the postsynaptic membrane in transport vesicles.
postsynaptic neurotransmitter receptor endosomal trafficking
neurotransmitter receptor transport, endosome to postsynaptic membrane
The component of the presynaptic membrane consisting of gene products and protein complexes that are loosely bound to one of its surfaces, but not integrated into the hydrophobic region.
extrinsic component of presynaptic plasma membrane
extrinsic component of presynaptic membrane
The component of the postsynaptic membrane consisting of gene products and protein complexes that are loosely bound to one of its surfaces, but not integrated into the hydrophobic region.
extrinsic component of postsynaptic membrane
The component of the presynaptic active zone membrane consisting of gene products and protein complexes that are loosely bound to one of its surfaces, but not integrated into the hydrophobic region.
extrinsic component of presynaptic active zone membrane
The component of the postsynaptic specialization membrane consisting of gene products and protein complexes that are loosely bound to one of its surfaces, but not integrated into the hydrophobic region.
extrinsic component of postsynaptic specialization membrane
The component of the postsynaptic endocytic zone membrane consisting of gene products and protein complexes that are loosely bound to one of its surfaces, but not integrated into the hydrophobic region.
extrinsic component of postsynaptic endocytic zone
The component of the presynaptic endocytic zone membrane consisting of gene products and protein complexes that are loosely bound to one of its surfaces, but not integrated into the hydrophobic region.
extrinsic component of presynaptic endocytic zone membrane
The lipid bilayer surrounding a postsynaptic endosome.
The lipid bilayer surrounding a postsynaptic early endosome.
The lipid bilayer surrounding the spine apparatus.
The volume enclosed by the spine apparatus membrane.
The action of a molecule that contributes to the structural integrity of a synapse.
The action of a molecule that contributes to the structural integrity of a postsynaptic density.
structural constituent of postsynaptic density
Cell-cell signaling from postsynapse to presynapse, across the synaptic cleft, mediated by a lipid ligand.
retrograde trans-synaptic signaling by lipid
Cell-cell signaling from postsynapse to presynapse, across the synaptic cleft, mediated by an endocannabinoid ligand.
retrograde trans-synaptic signaling by endocannabinoid
Cell-cell signaling from postsynapse to presynapse, across the synaptic cleft, mediated by an soluble gas ligand.
retrograde trans-synaptic signaling by soluble gas
Cell-cell signaling from postsynapse to presynapse, across the synaptic cleft, mediated by nitric oxide.
retrograde trans-synaptic signaling by nitric oxide
Modulation of synaptic transmission by cell-cell signaling from postsynapse to presynapse, across the synaptic cleft, mediated by nitric oxide.
Note that this term was created for the SynGO project, and will be obsoleted when the SynGO annotations are made in Noctua.
retrograde trans-synaptic signaling by nitric oxide, modulating synaptic transmission
Signal transduction in which the initial step occurs in a postsynapse.
Signal transduction in which the initial step occurs in a presynapse.
The directed movement of organelles or molecules along microtubules in axons.
The directed movement of organelles or molecules along microtubules in a dendrite from the postsynapse towards the cell body.
The directed movement of organelles or molecules along microtubules in dendrites.
The directed movement of organelles or molecules along microtubules from the cell body toward the postsynapse in dendrites.
The actin cytoskeleton that is part of a dendritic spine.
The directed movement of mitochondria along microtubules in nerve cell dendrites.
Cell-cell signaling from presynapse to postynapse, across the synaptic cleft, mediated by nitric oxide.
anterograde trans-synaptic signaling by nitric oxide
Cell-cell signaling from presynapse to postynapse, across the synaptic cleft, mediated by a trans-synaptic protein complex.
anterograde trans-synaptic signaling by trans-synaptic protein complex
Cell-cell signaling from postsynapse to presynapse, across the synaptic cleft, mediated by trans-synaptic protein complex.
retrograde trans-synaptic signaling by trans-synaptic protein complex
The directed movement of neurotransmitter receptor from the postsynaptic endosome in tranpsort vesicles to the lysosome for degradation.
neurotransmitter receptor transport, postsynaptic endosome to lysosome
The lipid bilayer surrounding a postsynaptic recycling endosome.
postsynaptic recycling endosome membrane
The lipid bilayer surrounding a presynaptic endosome.
The directed movement of mitochondria along microtubules in axons away from the cell body and towards the presynapse.
anterograde axon transport of mitochondria
anterograde axonal transport of mitochondrion
The directed movement of mitochondria along microtubules in axons towards the cell body and away from the presynapse.
retrograde axon transport of mitochondria
retrograde axonal transport of mitochondrion
The directed movement of mitochondria along microtubules in dendrites towards the cell body and away from the postsynapse.
retrograde dendrite transport of mitochondria
retrograde dendritic transport of mitochondrion
The directed movement of a ribonucleoprotein complex along microtubules in nerve cell dendrites.
dendritic transport of ribonucleoprotein complex
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of neurotransmitter receptor activity involved in synaptic transmission. Modulation may be via an effect on ligand affinity, or effector funtion such as ion selectivity or pore opening/closing in ionotropic receptors.
regulation of postsynaptic neurotransmitter receptor activity
The directed movement of a messenger ribonucleoprotein complex along microtubules in nerve cell dendrites.
dendritic transport of messenger ribonucleoprotein complex
The directed movement of a messenger ribonucleoprotein complex along microtubules in nerve cell dendrites towards the postsynapse.
anterograde dendritic transport of mRNA RNP complex
anterograde dendritic transport of messenger ribonucleoprotein complex
The portion of the extracellular matrix that lies within the synaptic cleft.
The portion of the extracellular matrix that lies within the perisynaptic space.
The exocytic fusion of neurotransmitter receptor containing vesicles with the postsynaptic membrane resulting in the integration of NT receptors, enabling them to participate in neurotransmitter reception. This process includes tethering and docking steps that prepare vesicles for fusion.
exocytic insertion of neurotransmitter receptor to postsynaptic membrane
Vesicle-mediated transport of a neurotransmitter receptor complex from the postsynaptic membrane to the postsynaptic early endosome.
neurotransmitter receptor transport postsynaptic membrane to endosome
The directed movement of neurotransmitter receptor to the postsynaptic membrane in transport vesicles.
neurotransmitter receptor transport to postsynaptic membrane
The process by which diffusing neurotransmitter receptor becomes trapped at the postsynaptic specialization membrane. This is typically due to interaction with components of the post-synaptic specialization.
postsynaptic neurotransmitter receptor diffusion trapping
The directed movement of a neurotransmitter receptor complex along microtubules in nerve cell dendrites towards the postsynapse.
anterograde dendritic transport of neurotransmitter receptor complex
The directed movement of mitochondria along microtubules in dendrites towards the postsynapse and away from the cell body.
anterograde dendritic transport of mitochondrion
The action of a molecule that contributes to the structural integrity of a postsynaptic actin cytoskeleton.
structural constituent of postsynaptic actin cytoskeleton
A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of cytoskeletal structures comprising actin filaments and their associated proteins in the postsynaptic actin cytoskeleton.
postsynaptic actin cytoskeleton organization
A synapse that uses glutamate as a neurotransmitter.
A synapse that uses acetylcholine as a neurotransmitter.
A synapse that uses GABA as a neurotransmitter. These synapses are typically inhibitory.
Any process that regulates the modification of synaptic structure and as a result regulates synaptic transmission.
regulation of modification of synapse structure, modulating synaptic transmission
The series of molecular signals initiated by glutamate binding to an AMPA-selective glutamate receptor on the surface of the target cell, followed by the movement of ions through a channel in the receptor complex, and ending with the regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription.
AMPA selective glutamate receptor signaling pathway
The series of molecular signals initiated by glutamate binding to an kainate-selective glutamate receptor on the surface of the target cell, followed by the movement of ions through a channel in the receptor complex, ending with the regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription.
kainate selective glutamate receptor signaling pathway
A dense core vesicle (granule) that is part of a neuron. These vesicles typically contain neuropeptides. They can be found in all parts of neurons, including the soma, dendrites, axonal swellings (varicosities) and synaptic terminals.
The component of the postsynaptic early endosome membrane consisting of gene products and protein complexes that are loosely bound to one of its surfaces, but not integrated into the hydrophobic region.
extrinsic component of postsynaptic early endosome membrane
The component of the postsynaptic endosome membrane consisting of gene products and protein complexes that are loosely bound to one of its surfaces, but not integrated into the hydrophobic region.
extrinsic component of postsynaptic endosome membrane
Any vesicle-mediated transport that occurs in a synapse.
The component of the postsynaptic recycling endosome membrane consisting of gene products and protein complexes that are loosely bound to one of its surfaces, but not integrated into the hydrophobic region.
extrinsic component of postsynaptic recycling endosome membrane
The component of the presynaptic endosome membrane consisting of gene products and protein complexes that are loosely bound to one of its surfaces, but not integrated into the hydrophobic region.
extrinsic component of presynaptic endosome membrane
Any process that modifies the structure of a postsynapse.
This class does not cover assembly or disassembly of postsynapses, only the modification/remodelling of existing ones.
The lipid bilayer surrounding a neuronal dense core vesicle.
The volume enclosed by a neuronal dense core vesicle membrane.
The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form a presynapse.
Any process that regulates the the local concentration of neurotransmitter receptor at the postsynaptic membrane.
regulation of postsynaptic membrane neurotransmitter receptor levels
Cell-cell signaling from postsynapse to presynapse, across the synaptic cleft, mediated by a neuropeptide.
retrograde trans-synaptic signaling by neuropeptide
Modulation of synaptic transmittion by cell-cell signaling across the synaptic cleft from postsynapse to presynapse, mediated by a neuropeptide.
retrograde trans-synaptic signaling by neuropeptide, modulating synaptic transmission
A process that results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a postsynaptic specialization, a structure that lies adjacent to the cytoplasmic face of the postsynaptic membrane.
post synaptic specialization organization
post-synaptic specialization organization
postsynaptic specialization organisation
postsynaptic specialization organization
The directed movement of a messenger ribonucleoprotein complex along microtubules in axons, towards the presynapse.
anterograde axonal transport of mRNA RNP complex
anterograde axonal transport of messenger ribonucleoprotein complex
The directed movement of a messenger ribonucleoprotein complex along microtubules in axons.
axonal transport of messenger ribonucleoprotein complex
The directed movement of endoplasmic reticulum into a postsynaptic compartment such as a dendritic spine.
establishment of ER localization to postsynapse
establishment of endoplasmic reticulum localization to postsynapse
A network of proteins adjacent to the postsynaptic membrane. Its major components include the proteins that spatially and functionally organize neurotransmitter receptors in the adjacent membrane, such as anchoring and scaffolding molecules, signaling enzymes and cytoskeletal components.
postsynaptic specialization, intracellular component
A network of proteins adjacent to the postsynaptic membrane forming an electron dense disc. Its major components include neurotransmitter receptors and the proteins that spatially and functionally organize neurotransmitter receptors in the adjacent membrane, such as anchoring and scaffolding molecules, signaling enzymes and cytoskeletal components.
postsynaptic density, intracellular component
Any G-protein gated potassium channel activity that is involved regulation of postsynaptic membrane potential.
G-protein gated potassium channel activity involved in regulation of postsynaptic membrane potential
Activation potassium ion channel activity via direct interaction with a potassium ion channel during G protein-coupled receptor signaling.
potassium channel activator activity involved in G-protein coupled receptor signaling pathway
Examples include G-protein beta-gamma complexes that bind to and activate potassium channels.
potassium channel activator activity involved in G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway
Any process that decreases the concentration of calcium ions in the presynaptic cytosol.
negative regulation of presynaptic cytosolic calcium concentration
A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of cytoskeletal structures comprising actin filaments and their associated proteins in the presynaptic actin cytoskeleton.
presynaptic actin cytoskeleton organization
The actin cytoskeleton that is part of a presynapse.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of exocytic fusion of neurotransmitter receptor containing vesicles into the postsynaptic membrane.
regulation of exocytic insertion of neurotransmitter receptor to postsynaptic membrane
The component of the postsynaptic density membrane consisting of gene products and protein complexes that are loosely bound to one of its surfaces, but not integrated into the hydrophobic region.
extrinsic component of postsynaptic density membrane
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of synaptic vesicle docking.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of endocytosis of neurotransmitter receptor at the postsynapse.
regulation of postsynaptic neurotransmitter receptor endocytosis
regulation of postsynaptic neurotransmitter receptor internalization
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of postsynaptic specialization assembly, the aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form a postsynaptic specialization.
regulation of postsynaptic specialization assembly
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of postsynaptic density assembly, the aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form a postsynaptic density.
regulation of postsynaptic density assembly
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of neurotransmitter receptor from the postsynaptic endosome to the postsynaptic membrane in transport vesicles.
regulation of neurotransmitter receptor transport, endosome to postsynaptic membrane
A synapse that uses serotonin as a neurotransmitter.
Transynaptic signaling in which the ligand is carried across the synapse by an exosome.
exosome mediated transynaptic signalling
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of transport or maintenance of location of a postsynaptic recycling endosome within the postsynapse.
regulation of recycling endosome localization within postsynapse
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of modification of postsynaptic structure.
regulation of modification of postsynaptic structure
The intermediate filament cytoskeleton that is part of a postsynapse.
postsynaptic intermediate filament cytoskeleton
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of presynaptic dense core granule exocytosis.
regulation of presynaptic dense core vesicle exocytosis
regulation of presynaptic dense core granule exocytosis
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of neurotransmitter loading into synaptic vesicles.
regulation of neurotransmitter uptake into synaptic vesicle
regulation of synaptic vesicle neurotransmitter loading
regulation of neurotransmitter loading into synaptic vesicle
Cell-cell signaling to or from a synapse, mediated by nitric oxide.
The membrane component of the postsynaptic specialization of a symmetic synapse. This is the region of the postsynaptic membrane in which the population of neurotransmitter receptors involved in synaptic transmission are concentrated.
postsynaptic specialization membrane of symmetric synapse
A network of proteins adjacent to the postsynaptic membrane of a symmetric synapse. Its major components include that spatially and functionally organize neurotransmitter receptors in the adjacent membrane, such as anchoring and scaffolding molecules, signaling enzymes and cytoskeletal components. This structure is not as thick or electron dense as the postsynaptic density found in asymmetric synapses.
postsynaptic specialization of symmetric synapse, intracellular component
Any process, acting in the postsynapse that results in modulation of chemical synaptic transmission.
postsynaptic modulation of chemical synaptic transmission
Any process, acting in the presynapse that results in modulation of chemical synaptic transmission.
presynaptic modulation of chemical synaptic transmission
A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a presynapse.
A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a postsynapse.
Any process that modulates the physical form of a presynapse.
regulation of presynapse organization and biogenesis
Any process that modulates the physical form of a postsynapse.
regulation of postsynapse organization and biogenesis
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of retrograde trans-synaptic signaling by a trans-synaptic complex.
regulation of trans-synaptic complex mediated retrograde trans-synaptic signaling
regulation of retrograde trans-synaptic signaling by trans-synaptic protein complex
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of adhesion between pre- and post-synaptic membranes.
regulation of synapse adhesion between pre- and post-synapse
regulation of synaptic membrane adhesion
The directed movement of Zn2+ ions from the cytoplasm into the lumen of a cytoplasmic vesicle.
The action of a molecule that contributes to the structural integrity of a presynapse.
The intermediate filament cytoskeleton that is part of a presynapse.
presynaptic intermediate filament cytoskeleton
Cell-cell signaling between presynapse and postsynapse, via the vesicular release and reception of brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), that modulates the synaptic transmission properties of the synapse.
trans-synaptic signaling by BDNF, modulating synaptic transmission
The action of a molecule that contributes to the structural integrity of a postsynaptic intermediate filament cytoskeleton.
structural constituent of postsynaptic intermediate filament cytoskeleton
A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of cytoskeletal structures comprised of intermediate filament and their associated proteins in the postsynaptic cytoskeleton.
postsynaptic intermediate filament cytoskeleton organization
The action of a molecule that contributes to the structural integrity of a postsynapse.
A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of cytoskeletal structures comprising cytoskeletal filaments and their associated proteins in the postsynaptic cytoskeleton.
The portion of the spectrin-associated cytoskeleton contained within the postsynapse.
postsynaptic spectrin-associated cytoskeleton
A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of spectrin-associated cytoskeleton and associated proteins in the postsynapse.
postsynaptic spectrin-associated cytoskeleton organization
Cell-cell signaling between presynapse and postsynapse mediated by brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) crossing the synaptic cleft.
trans-synaptic signaling by brain-derived neurotrophic factor
A synapse formed by a cerebellar Golgi cell synapsing on to a cerebellar granule cell.
cerebellar Golgi cell to granule cell synapse
The component of the synaptic membrane consisting of gene products and protein complexes that are loosely bound to one of its surfaces, but not integrated into the hydrophobic region.
extrinsic component of synaptic membrane
The regulatory process by which increased cytosolic calcium levels lead to the the fusion of synaptic vesicles with the presynaptic active zone membrane by bringing primed synaptic vesicle membrane into contact with membrane presynaptic active zone membrane.
calcium-dependent activation of synaptic vesicle fusion
A biological process in which synaptic vesicles are loaded with neurotransmitters, move to the active zone, exocytose and are then recycled via endocytosis, ultimately leading to reloading with neurotransmitters.
Any process that modulates the potential difference across a presynaptic membrane.
regulation of pre-synaptic membrane potential
regulation of presynaptic membrane potential
The directed movement of synaptic vesicles along actin filaments within a cell, powered by molecular motors.
synaptic vesicle transport along actin filament
Any ligand-gated ion channel activity, occurring in the presynaptic membrane, that is involved in regulation of presynaptic membrane potential.
ligand-gated ion channel activity involved in regulation of presynaptic membrane potential
ligand gated ion channel activity involved in regulation of presynaptic membrane potential
ligand-dependent ion channel activity involved in regulation of pre-synaptic membrane potential
ligand-dependent ion channel activity involved in regulation of presynaptic membrane potential
ligand-gated ion channel activity involved in regulation of pre-synaptic membrane potential
ligand-gated monoatomic ion channel activity involved in regulation of presynaptic membrane potential
Voltage-gated ion channel activity, occurring in the presynaptic membrane, involved in regulation of presynaptic membrane potential. This is a key step in synaptic transmission, following the arrival of an action potential at the synapse.
voltage-gated ion channel activity involved in regulation of presynaptic membrane potential
voltage gated ion channel activity involved in regulation of presynaptic membrane potential
voltage-dependent ion channel activity involved in regulation of pre-synaptic membrane potential
voltage-dependent ion channel activity involved in regulation of presynaptic membrane potential
voltage-gated ion channel activity involved in regulation of pre-synaptic membrane potential
voltage-gated monoatomic ion channel activity involved in regulation of presynaptic membrane potential
Any process that regulates the concentration of calcium in the presynaptic cytosol.
regulation of presynaptic cytosolic calcium levels
regulation of presynaptic cytosolic calcium ion concentration
Regulation of cytosolic calcium ion concentrations via the directed movement of calcium ions across the plasma-membrane into the cytosol via the action of a voltage-gated calcium ion channel.
voltage-gated calcium channel activity involved in regulation of cytosolic calcium levels
The directed movement of synaptic vesicles along cytoskeletal fibers such as microfilaments or microtubules within a cell, powered by molecular motors.
The directed movement of synaptic vesicles along microtubules within a cell, powered by molecular motors.
synaptic vesicle transport along microtubule
Any ion antiporter activity, occurring in the presynaptic membrane, that is involved in regulation of presynaptic membrane potential.
ion antiporter activity involved in regulation of pre-synaptic membrane potential
ion antiporter activity involved in regulation of presynaptic membrane potential
monoatomic ion antiporter activity involved in regulation of presynaptic membrane potential
Any ATPase coupled ion transmembrane transporter activity, occurring in the presynaptic membrane, that is involved in regulation of presynaptic membrane potential.
ATPase coupled ion transmembrane transporter activity involved in regulation of pre-synaptic membrane potential
ATPase-coupled ion transmembrane transporter activity involved in regulation of presynaptic membrane potential
ATPase coupled ion transmembrane transporter activity involved in regulation of presynaptic membrane potential
The region of the cytosol consisting of all cytosol that is part of the presynapse.
The region of the cytosol consisting of all cytosol that is part of the postsynapse.
The secretion of molecules (e.g. neuropeptides and neuromodulators such as serotonin and dopamine) contained within a membrane-bounced dense in response to increased presynaptic cytosolic calcium levels.
presynaptic dense core vesicle exocytosis
The series of molecular signals that conveys information from the presynapse to the nucleus via cytoskeletal transport of a protein from a presynapse to the component to the nucleus where it affects biochemical processes that occur in the nucleus (e.g DNA transcription, mRNA splicing, or DNA/histone modifications).
This class does not cover the cellular machinery (motor proteins, cargo-recognition proteins) that transports the signaling protein along the cytoskeleton towards the nucleus. For these cases, annotate to the appropriate transport/trafficking term.
The series of molecular signals that conveys information from the postsynapse to the nucleus via cytoskeletal transport of a protein from a postsynapse to the component to the nucleus where it affects biochemical processes that occur in the nucleus (e.g DNA transcription, mRNA splicing, or DNA/histone modifications).
postsynapse to nucleus signaling pathway
Neurotransmitter receptor activity occurring in the postsynaptic membrane that is involved in regulating postsynaptic membrane potential, either directly (ionotropic receptors) or indirectly (e.g. via GPCR activation of an ion channel).
neurotransmitter receptor activity involved in regulation of postsynaptic membrane potential
A G protein-coupled receptor activity occurring in the postsynaptic membrane that is part of a GPCR signaling pathway that positively regulates ion channel activity in the postsynaptic membrane.
G-protein coupled receptor activity involved in regulation of postsynaptic membrane potential
G protein-coupled receptor activity involved in regulation of postsynaptic membrane potential
The pathway leading to secretion of a neurotransmitter from the presynapse as part of synaptic transmission.
presynaptic process involved in chemical synaptic transmission
The process in which synaptic vesicles fuse to the presynaptic endosome followed by sorting of synaptic vesicle components and budding of new synaptic vesicles.
synaptic vesicle processing via endosome
This covers processing of synaptic vesicles trafficked to synapse as well as of endocytosed vesicles as part of recycling. It is there for not part of the synaptic vesicle cycle.
Any process that increases the concentration of calcium ions in the presynaptic cytosol.
positive regulation of presynaptic cytosolic calcium concentration
The directed change of presynaptic cytosolic free calcium ion concentration in the cytosol via the reversible binding of calcium ions to calcium-binding proteins in the cytosol thereby modulating the spatial and temporal dynamics of changes in presynaptic cytosolic calcium concentrations.
calcium ion binding involved in regulation of presynaptic cytosolic calcium levels
regulation of presynaptic cytosolic calcium ion concentration by calcium ion buffering
calcium ion binding involved in regulation of presynaptic cytosolic calcium ion concentration
The extracellular matrix of the perisynaptic space (the extracellular space adjacent to the synapse) and the synaptic cleft.
Cell-cell signaling to, from or within a synapse.
Cell-cell signaling in either direction across the synaptic cleft.
Cell-cell signaling to or from a synapse, mediated by a peptide.
The secretion of neuropeptides contained within a dense core vesicle by fusion of the granule with the presynaptic membrane, stimulated by a rise in cytosolic calcium ion concentration.
neuropeptide secretion from presynapse via dense core granule exocytosis
Cell-cell signaling between presynapse and postsynapse mediated by a peptide ligand crossing the synaptic cleft.
trans-synaptic signaling by neuropeptide
Cell-cell signaling from post to pre-synapse, across the synaptic cleft, mediated by a lipid.
Cell-cell signaling in either direction across the synaptic cleft, mediated by an endocannabinoid ligand.
trans-synaptic signaling by endocannabinoid
Cell-cell signaling between presynapse and postsynapse mediated by a soluble gas ligand crossing the synaptic cleft.
The extracellular region immediately adjacent to to a synapse.
Cell-cell signaling between presynapse and postsynapse mediated by a trans-synaptic protein complex.
trans-synaptic signaling by trans-synaptic complex
Any protein degradation process, occurring at a presynapse, that regulates synaptic transmission.
protein catabolic process, modulating synaptic transmission
Any process that modulates synaptic transmission by regulating translation occurring at the synapse.
regulation of translation at synapse, modulating synaptic transmission
Cell-cell signaling between presynapse and postsynapse mediated by nitric oxide.
trans-synaptic signaling by nitric oxide
Cell-cell signaling between presynapse and postsynapse mediated by carbon monoxide.
trans-synaptic signaling by carbon monoxide
Cell-cell signaling between presynapse and postsynapse, across the synaptic cleft, that modulates the synaptic transmission properties of the synapse.
trans-synaptic signaling, modulating synaptic transmission
Cell-cell signaling between presynapse and postsynapse, via the vesicular release and reception of neuropeptide molecules, that modulates the synaptic transmission properties of the synapse.
trans-synaptic signaling by neuropeptide, modulating synaptic transmission
Cell-cell signaling between presynapse and postsynapse, via the release and reception of lipid molecules, that modulates the synaptic transmission properties of the synapse.
trans-synaptic signaling by lipid, modulating synaptic transmission
Cell-cell signaling between presynapse and postsynapse, via the release and reception of endocannabinoid ligands, that modulates the synaptic transmission properties of the synapse.
trans-synaptic signaling by endocannabinoid, modulating synaptic transmission
Cell-cell signaling between presynapse and postsynapse, via the release and reception of gaseous molecules, that modulates the synaptic transmission properties of the synapse.
trans-synaptic signaling by soluble gas, modulating synaptic transmission
Cell-cell signaling between presynapse and postsynapse, via the release and reception of nitric oxide molecules, that modulates the synaptic transmission properties of the synapse.
trans-synaptic signaling by nitric oxide, modulating synaptic transmission
Cell-cell signaling between presynapse and postsynapse, via the release and reception of carbon monoxide molecules, that modulates the synaptic transmission properties of the synapse.
trans-synaptic signaling by carbon monoxide, modulating synaptic transmission
Cell-cell signaling between presynapse and postsynapse, mediated by transynaptic protein complexes, that modulates the synaptic transmission properties of the synapse.
trans-synaptic signaling by trans-synaptic complex, modulating synaptic transmission
A process that preserves the structural organistation and orientation of a synaptic cellular component such as the synaptic cytoskeleton and molecular scaffolds.
The process by which alignment between postsynaptic density and presynaptic active zone is maintained.
maintenance of alignment of postsynaptic density and presynaptic active zone
The attachment of presynaptic membrane to postsynaptic membrane via adhesion molecules that are at least partially embedded in the plasma membrane.
synapse adhesion between pre- and post-synapse
The binding of a synaptic membrane to the extracellular matrix via adhesion molecules.
synaptic membrane adhesion to extracellular matrix
A process which maintains the organization and the arrangement of proteins in the presynaptic density.
maintenance of postsynaptic density structure
Any process that modifies the structure/morphology of a synapse.
Any process that modulates synaptic transmission via modification of the structure of the synapse.
modification of synaptic structure, modulating synaptic transmission
The part of synaptic transmission occurring in the post-synapse: a signal transduction pathway consisting of neurotransmitter receptor activation and its effects on postsynaptic membrane potential and the ionic composition of the postsynaptic cytosol.
postsynaptic process involved in chemical synaptic transmission
chemical synaptic transmission, postsynaptic
Any process that regulates the concentration of calcium in the postsynaptic cytosol.
regulation of postsynaptic cytosolic calcium levels
regulation of postsynaptic cytosolic calcium ion concentration
The directed change of free calcium ion concentration in the postsynaptic cytosol via the reversible binding of calcium ions to calcium-binding proteins in the cytosol thereby modulating the spatial and temporal dynamics of changes in postsynaptic cytosolic calcium concentrations.
calcium ion binding involved in regulation of postsynaptic cytosolic calcium levels
regulation of postsynaptic cytosolic calcium ion concentration by calcium ion buffering
calcium ion binding involved in regulation of postsynaptic cytosolic calcium ion concentration
The portion of the cytoskeleton contained within the presynapse.
The portion of the cytoskeleton contained within the postsynapse.
A network of proteins within and adjacent to the postsynaptic membrane. Its major components include neurotransmitter receptors and the proteins that spatially and functionally organize them such as anchoring and scaffolding molecules, signaling enzymes and cytoskeletal components.
The post-synaptic specialization of a glutamatergic excitatory synapse.
postsynaptic specialization, glutamatergic neuron-to-neuron synapse
Any process that modulates synaptic transmission by regulating protein degradation at the synapse.
regulation of protein catabolic process at synapse, modulating synaptic transmission
Any process that modulates synaptic transmission by regulating a catabolic process occurring at a presynapse.
regulation of protein catabolic process at presynapse, modulating synaptic transmission
Any process that modulates synaptic transmission by regulating a catabolic process occurring at a postsynapse.
regulation of protein catabolic process at postsynapse, modulating synaptic transmission
Any process that modulates synaptic transmission by regulating translation occurring at the presynapse.
regulation of translation at presynapse, modulating synaptic transmission
Any process that modulates synaptic transmission by regulating translation occurring at the postsynapse.
regulation of translation at postsynapse, modulating synaptic transmission
A G protein-coupled neurotransmitter receptor activity, occurring in the postsynaptic membrane, involved in regulation of postsynaptic membrane potential.
G-protein coupled neurotransmitter receptor activity involved in regulation of postsynaptic membrane potential
G protein-coupled neurotransmitter receptor activity involved in regulation of postsynaptic membrane potential
Any ion antiporter activity, occurring in the postsynaptic membrane, that is involved in regulation of postsynaptic membrane potential.
ion antiporter activity involved in regulation of post-synaptic membrane potential
ion antiporter activity involved in regulation of postsynaptic membrane potential
monoatomic ion antiporter activity involved in regulation of postsynaptic membrane potential
Any ATPase coupled ion transmembrane transporter activity, occurring in the postsynaptic membrane, that is involved in regulation of postsynaptic membrane potential.
ATPase coupled ion transmembrane transporter activity involved in regulation of post-synaptic membrane potential
ATPase-coupled ion transmembrane transporter activity involved in regulation of postsynaptic membrane potential
ATPase coupled ion transmembrane transporter activity involved in regulation of postsynaptic membrane potential
Any neurotransmitter receptor activity that is involved in regulating the concentration of calcium in the presynaptic cytosol.
neurotransmitter receptor activity involved in regulation of presynaptic cytosolic calcium levels
neurotransmitter receptor activity involved in regulation of presynaptic cytosolic calcium ion concentration
Any neurotransmitter receptor activity that is involved in regulating the concentration of calcium in the postsynaptic cytosol.
neurotransmitter receptor activity involved in regulation of postsynaptic cytosolic calcium levels
neurotransmitter receptor activity involved in regulation of postsynaptic cytosolic calcium ion concentration
The process in which calcium ions sequestered in the endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus or mitochondria are released into the presynaptic cytosol.
release of sequestered calcium ion into presynaptic cytosol
The process in which calcium ions sequestered in the endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus or mitochondria are released into the postsynaptic cytosol.
release of sequestered calcium ion into postsynaptic cytosol
Any process that increases the concentration of calcium ions in the postsynaptic cytosol.
positive regulation of postsynaptic cytosolic calcium concentration
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of neurotransmitter receptor activity. Modulation may be via an effect on ligand affinity, or effector funtion such as ion selectivity or pore opening/closing in ionotropic receptors.
regulation of neurotransmitter receptor activity
Regulation of presynaptic cytosolic calcium ion concentrations via the action of voltage-gated calcium ion channels.
voltage-gated calcium channel activity involved in regulation of presynaptic cytosolic calcium levels
The process by which diffusing neurotransmitter receptor becomes trapped in region of the plasma membrane.
neurotransmitter receptor diffusion trapping
A network of proteins within and adjacent to the postsynaptic membrane of a symmetric synapse, consisting of anchoring and scaffolding molecules, signaling enzymes and cytoskeletal components that spatially and functionally organize the neurotransmitter receptors at the synapse. This structure is not as thick or electron dense as the postsynaptic densities found in asymmetric synapses.
postsynaptic density of inhibitory synapse
postsynaptic specialization of symmetric synapse
The cytoplasmic component of the postsynaptic endocytic zone.
postsynaptic endocytic zone cytoplasmic component
The membrane component of the postsynaptic specialization. This is the region of the postsynaptic membrane in which the population of neurotransmitter receptors involved in synaptic transmission are concentrated.
Positive regulation of presynaptic cytosolic calcium ion concentrations via the directed movement of calcium ions across the plasma-membrane into the cytosol via the action of voltage-gated calcium ion channels. This is the first step in synaptic transmission.
voltage-gated calcium channel activity involved in positive regulation of presynaptic cytosolic calcium levels
CACNA1D:CACNA2D2:CACNB2 (Cav1.3 channel) transports Ca2+ into the cytosol of an inner hair cell
The directed movement of neurotransmitter receptors.
The directed movement of neurotransmitter receptor from the endosome to the plasma membrane in transport vesicles.
neurotransmitter receptor transport, endosome to plasma membrane
The directed movement of proteins along microtubules in neuron projections.
The directed movement of proteins along microtubules from the cell body toward the cell periphery in nerve cell axons.
The directed movement of proteins along microtubules from the cell periphery toward the cell body in nerve cell axons.
A process in which a neurotransmitter is transported to, or maintained in, a location within the membrane adjacent to a postsynaptic specialization (e.g. postsynaptic density).
neurotransmitter receptor localisation in postsynaptic specialization membrane
neurotransmitter receptor localization to postsynaptic specialization membrane
Vesicle-mediated transport of a neurotransmitter receptor vesicle from the plasma membrane to the endosome.
neurotransmitter receptor transport, plasma membrane to endosome
The induction of synaptic vesicle release by any process that leads to a rise in intracellular calcium ion concentration at the presynapse. This is the first step in synaptic transmission.
induction of synaptic vesicle exocytosis by positive regulation of presynaptic cytosolic calcium ion concentration
The directed movement of a neurotransmitter receptor complex along microtubules from the cell body toward the cell periphery in nerve cell axons.
anterograde axonal transport of neurotransmitter receptor complex
Enables the transmembrane transfer of a cation by a channel that opens when intracellular cAMP has been bound by the channel complex or one of its constituent parts, to regulate the presynaptic membrane potential.
intracellular cAMP activated cation channel activity involved in regulation of presynaptic membrane potential
intracellular cAMP-activated cation channel activity involved in regulation of presynaptic membrane potential
Enables the transmembrane transfer of a cation by a channel that opens when intracellular cAMP has been bound by the channel complex or one of its constituent parts, to regulate the postsynaptic membrane potential.
intracellular cAMP activated cation channel activity involved in regulation of postsynaptic membrane potential
intracellular cAMP-activated cation channel activity involved in regulation of postsynaptic membrane potential
A polyadenylation event (the enzymatic addition of a sequence of adenylyl residues at the 3' end of an RNA molecule) that takes place at a postsynapse.
Translation that occurs at the presynapse.
Translation that occurs at the presynapse, and that modulates chemical synaptic transmission.
translation at presynapse, modulating chemical synaptic transmission
A vesicle-mediated transport process in which the presynapse take up external materials or membrane constituents by the invagination of a small region of the plasma membrane to form a new membrane-bounded vesicle.
A vesicle-mediated transport process in which the postsynapse take up external materials or membrane constituents by the invagination of a small region of the plasma membrane to form a new membrane-bounded vesicle.
A neuron to neuron synapse of a pyramidal neuron in the entorhinal cortex onto a granule cell in the dentate gyrus of the hippocampus.
perforant pathway to DG granule cell synapse
perforant pathway to dendrate granule cell synapse
Translation that occurs at the postsynapse.
Any process that regulates translation occurring at the synapse.
Any process that regulates translation occurring at the presynapse.
Any process that regulates translation occurring at the postsynapse.
regulation of translation at postsynapse
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a protein at a synapse.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a protein at a presynapse.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a protein at a postsynapse.
protein catabolic process at postsynapse
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a protein at the synapse.
regulation protein catabolic process at synapse
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a protein at the presynapse.
regulation protein catabolic process at presynapse
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a protein at the postsynapse.
regulation protein catabolic process at postsynapse
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of trans-synaptic signaling by BDNF, modulating synaptic transmission.
regulation of trans-synaptic signaling by BDNF, modulating synaptic transmission
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of trans-synaptic signaling by endocannabinoid, modulating synaptic transmission.
regulation of trans-synaptic signaling by endocannabinoid, modulating synaptic transmission
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of calcium-dependent activation of synaptic vesicle fusion.
regulation of calcium-dependent activation of synaptic vesicle fusion
The secretion of molecules (e.g. neuropeptides, insulin-related peptides or neuromodulators such as serotonin and dopamine) contained within a postsynaptic dense core vesicle by fusion of the granule with the plasma membrane of the postsynapse in response to increased cytosolic calcium levels.
postsynaptic dense core vesicle exocytosis
The action of a molecule that contributes to the structural integrity of the extracellular matrix of the perisynaptic space (the extracellular space adjacent to the synapse) and the synaptic cleft.
extra-synaptic extracellular matrix structural constituent
structural constituent of extra-synaptic extracellular matrix
synapse-associated extracellular matrix structural constituent
structural constituent of synapse-associated extracellular matrix
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of postsynaptic dense core vesicle exocytosis.
regulation of postsynaptic dense core vesicle exocytosis
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of synaptic signaling by nitric oxide.
regulation of synaptic signaling by nitric oxide
G protein-coupled neurotransmitter receptor activity, occurring in the presynaptic membrane, involved in regulation of presynaptic membrane potential.
G-protein coupled neurotransmitter receptor activity involved in regulation of presynaptic membrane potential
G protein-coupled neurotransmitter receptor activity involved in regulation of presynaptic membrane potential
A synapse of a granule cell fiber onto the dendrites of a Purkinje cell in cerebellum.
cerebellar parallel fiber to Purkinje cell synapse
cerebellar granule cell to Purkinje cell synapse
The portion of the septin cytoskeleton contained within the postsynapse.
The network of the Golgi apparatus structures located within the postsynapse.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of postsynapse assembly, the aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form a postsynapse.
A synapse of a climbing fiber onto the dendrites of a Purkinje cell in cerebellum. The climbing fiber originates from the inferior olivary nucleus of the medulla oblongata.
cerebellar climbing fibre to Purkinje cell synapse
cerebellar climbing fiber to Purkinje cell synapse
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of postsynaptic neurotransmitter receptor diffusion trapping.
regulation of postsynaptic neurotransmitter receptor diffusion trapping
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of synaptic vesicle endocytosis.
regulation of synaptic vesicle retrieval
regulation of synaptic vesicle endocytosis
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of synaptic vesicle lumen acidification.
regulation of synaptic vesicle lumen pH reduction
regulation of synaptic vesicle lumen proton loading
regulation of synaptic vesicle lumen acidification
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of anterograde synaptic vesicle transport.
regulation of anterograde synaptic vesicle transport
Any transmitter-gated ion channel activity that is involved in regulation of postsynaptic membrane potential.
transmitter-gated ion channel activity involved in regulation of postsynaptic membrane potential
ionotropic neurotransmitter receptor activity involved in regulation of post-synaptic membrane potential
ionotropic neurotransmitter receptor activity involved in regulation of postsynaptic membrane potential
transmitter-gated monoatomic ion channel activity involved in regulation of postsynaptic membrane potential
Any voltage-gated ion channel activity that is involved in regulation of postsynaptic membrane potential.
voltage-gated ion channel activity involved in regulation of postsynaptic membrane potential
voltage gated ion channel activity involved in regulation of post-synaptic membrane potential
voltage gated ion channel activity involved in regulation of postsynaptic membrane potential
voltage-dependent ion channel activity involved in regulation of post-synaptic membrane potential
voltage-dependent ion channel activity involved in regulation of postsynaptic membrane potential
voltage-gated ion channel activity involved in regulation of post-synaptic membrane potential
voltage-gated monoatomic ion channel activity involved in regulation of postsynaptic membrane potential
Any calcium-induced calcium release activity that is involved in regulation of presynaptic cytosolic calcium ion concentration.
calcium-induced calcium release activity involved in regulation of presynaptic cytosolic calcium levels
calcium-induced calcium release activity involved in regulation of presynaptic cytosolic calcium ion concentration
Any calcium:cation antiporter activity that is involved in regulation of presynaptic cytosolic calcium ion concentration.
calcium:cation antiporter activity involved in regulation of presynaptic cytosolic calcium ion concentration
calcium ion antiporter activity involved in regulation of presynaptic cytosolic calcium levels
calcium:monoatomic cation antiporter activity involved in regulation of presynaptic cytosolic calcium ion concentration
A calcium-transporting P-type ATPase activity involved in regulation of presynaptic cytosolic calcium ion concentration.
ATP phosphohydrolase (Ca2+-transporting) involved in regulation of presynaptic cytosolic calcium ion concentration
ATPase-coupled calcium ion transmembrane transporter activity involved in regulation of presynaptic cytosolic calcium levels
Ca(2+)-transporting ATPase activity involved in regulation of presynaptic cytosolic calcium ion concentration
Ca2+-pumping ATPase activity involved in regulation of presynaptic cytosolic calcium ion concentration
Ca2+-transporting ATPase activity involved in regulation of presynaptic cytosolic calcium ion concentration
calcium transporting ATPase activity involved in regulation of presynaptic cytosolic calcium ion concentration
calcium-transporting ATPase activity involved in regulation of presynaptic cytosolic calcium ion concentration
calcium ABC transporter involved in regulation of presynaptic cytosolic calcium ion concentration
calcium efflux ATPase involved in regulation of presynaptic cytosolic calcium ion concentration
calcium-translocating P-type ATPase activity involved in regulation of presynaptic cytosolic calcium ion concentration
plasma membrane Ca-ATPase involved in regulation of presynaptic cytosolic calcium ion concentration
P-type calcium transporter activity involved in regulation of presynaptic cytosolic calcium ion concentration
Any voltage-gated calcium channel activity that is involved in regulation of postsynaptic cytosolic calcium ion concentration.
depolarization-activated voltage gated calcium channel activity involved in regulation of postsynaptic cytosolic calcium ion concentration
depolarization-activated voltage-gated calcium channel activity involved in regulation of postsynaptic cytosolic calcium ion concentration
depolarization-activated voltage-gated calcium channel involved in regulation of postsynaptic cytosolic calcium ion concentration
voltage gated calcium channel activity involved in regulation of postsynaptic cytosolic calcium ion concentration
voltage-dependent calcium channel activity involved in regulation of postsynaptic cytosolic calcium ion concentration
voltage-gated calcium channel activity involved in regulation of postsynaptic cytosolic calcium levels
voltage-gated calcium ion channel activity involved in regulation of postsynaptic cytosolic calcium ion concentration
voltage-sensitive calcium channel involved in regulation of postsynaptic cytosolic calcium ion concentration
dihydropyridine-sensitive calcium channel activity involved in regulation of postsynaptic cytosolic calcium ion concentration
Any calcium-induced calcium release activity that is involved in regulation of postsynaptic cytosolic calcium ion concentration.
calcium-induced calcium release activity involved in regulation of postsynaptic cytosolic calcium levels
calcium-induced calcium release activity involved in regulation of postsynaptic cytosolic calcium ion concentration
A calcium-transporting P-type ATPase activity involved in regulation of postsynaptic cytosolic calcium ion concentration.
ATP phosphohydrolase (Ca2+-transporting) involved in regulation of postsynaptic cytosolic calcium ion concentration
ATPase-coupled calcium ion transmembrane transporter activity involved in regulation of postsynaptic cytosolic calcium levels
Ca(2+)-transporting ATPase activity involved in regulation of postsynaptic cytosolic calcium ion concentration
Ca2+-pumping ATPase activity involved in regulation of postsynaptic cytosolic calcium ion concentration
Ca2+-transporting ATPase activity involved in regulation of postsynaptic cytosolic calcium ion concentration
calcium transporting ATPase activity involved in regulation of postsynaptic cytosolic calcium ion concentration
calcium-transporting ATPase activity involved in regulation of postsynaptic cytosolic calcium ion concentration
calcium-transporting ATPase activity involved in regulation of postsynaptic cytosolic calcium levels
calcium ABC transporter involved in regulation of postsynaptic cytosolic calcium ion concentration
calcium efflux ATPase involved in regulation of postsynaptic cytosolic calcium ion concentration
calcium-translocating P-type ATPase activity involved in regulation of postsynaptic cytosolic calcium ion concentration
plasma membrane Ca-ATPase involved in regulation of postsynaptic cytosolic calcium ion concentration
sarco(endo)plasmic reticulum Ca2+-ATPase involved in regulation of postsynaptic cytosolic calcium ion concentration
sarcoplasmic reticulum ATPase involved in regulation of postsynaptic cytosolic calcium ion concentration
P-type calcium transporter activity involved in regulation of postsynaptic cytosolic calcium ion concentration
Any calcium:cation antiporter activity that is involved in regulation of postsynaptic cytosolic calcium ion concentration.
calcium:cation antiporter activity involved in regulation of postsynaptic cytosolic calcium ion concentration
calcium:cation antiporter activity involved in regulation of postsynaptic cytosolic calcium ion levels
calcium:monoatomic cation antiporter activity involved in regulation of postsynaptic cytosolic calcium ion concentration
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of modification of synaptic structure.
regulation of modification of synaptic structure
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of modification of postsynaptic actin cytoskeleton.
regulation of postsynaptic actin cytoskeleton remodelling
regulation of modification of postsynaptic actin cytoskeleton
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of postsynapse to nucleus signaling pathway.
regulation of postsynaptic signaling to nucleus
regulation of postsynapse to nucleus signaling pathway
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of presynapse assembly.
regulation of presynaptic terminal assembly
Any mitochondrial calcium uptake that is involved in negative regulation of presynaptic cytosolic calcium concentration.
calcium ion transmembrane import into mitochondrion involved in negative regulation of presynaptic cytosolic calcium concentration
mitochondrial calcium uptake involved in negative regulation of presynaptic cytosolic calcium concentration
calcium import into the mitochondrion involved in negative regulation of presynaptic cytosolic calcium concentration
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of synapse pruning.
The directed movement of substances in neuronal dense core vesicles along axonal microtubules towards the presynapse.
anterograde dense core granule trafficking
anterograde dense core granule transport
anterograde neuronal dense core vesicle transport
The directed movement of neuronal dense core vesicles along axonal microtubules towards the cell body.
retrograde dense core granule trafficking
retrograde neuronal dense core vesicle transport
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of synaptic vesicle exocytosis.
regulation of synaptic vesicle exocytosis
This relation is currently used to connect two regulation processes p1 and p2, such that if r1 regulates p1 and r2 regulates p2, and r1 results_in r2 then the regulation of p1 is required for the regulation of p2. For an example of use, see GO:0035958 'regulation of glyoxylate cycle by regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter'. Note that a precise definition of this relation is under discussion. After it has been formalized it will be added to RO, where it will have a RO ID. Note that the existing identifier and label are subject to change.
has negative regulatory component activity
results in changes to anatomical or cellular structure