A material entity of anatomical origin (part of or deriving from an organism) that has as its parts a maximally connected cell compartment surrounded by a plasma membrane.
Any fibroblast that is derived from the neural crest.
Any sensory receptor cell that is a(n) neuron and is capable of some detection of stimulus involved in sensory perception.
A cell found in the embryo before the formation of all the gem layers is complete.
Cell that is part of the migratory cranial neural crest population. Migratory cranial neural crest cells develop from premigratory cranial neural crest cells and have undergone epithelial to mesenchymal transition and delamination.
Cell that is part of the migratory trunk neural crest population. Migratory trunk neural crest cells develop from premigratory trunk neural crest cells and have undergone epithelial to mesenchymal transition and delamination.
A stem cell that is the precursor of gametes.
A germ cell that supports male gamete production. In some species, non-germ cells known as Sertoli cells also play a role in spermatogenesis.
A stem cell that is the precursor of male gametes.
A male germ cell that develops from spermatogonia. The euploid primary spermatocytes undergo meiosis and give rise to the haploid secondary spermatocytes which in turn give rise to spermatids.
A male germ cell that develops from the haploid secondary spermatocytes. Without further division, spermatids undergo structural changes and give rise to spermatozoa.
A mature male germ cell that develops from a spermatid.
An euploid male germ cell of an early stage of spermatogenesis.
Female germ cell is a germ cell that supports female gamete production.
A stem cell that is the precursor of female gametes.
A female germ cell that has entered meiosis.
An undifferentiated germ cell that proliferates rapidly and gives rise to oocytes.
A female gamete where meiosis has progressed to metaphase II and is able to participate in fertilization.
A germline cell that contributes to the development of the oocyte by transferring cytoplasm directly to oocyte.
A smooth muscle cell derived from the neural crest.
Any neuron that develops from some migratory neural crest cell.
A cell that will develop into a neuron often after a migration phase.
A relatively undifferentiated cell that retains the ability to divide and proliferate throughout life to provide progenitor cells that can differentiate into specialized cells.
A stem cell that self-renews as well as give rise to a single mature cell type.
A stem cell from which all cells of the lymphoid and myeloid lineages develop, including blood cells and cells of the immune system. Hematopoietic stem cells lack cell markers of effector cells (lin-negative). Lin-negative is defined by lacking one or more of the following cell surface markers: CD2, CD3 epsilon, CD4, CD5 ,CD8 alpha chain, CD11b, CD14, CD19, CD20, CD56, ly6G, ter119.
A progenitor cell committed to the erythroid lineage.
A cell that is within the developmental lineage of gametes and is able to pass along its genetic material to offspring.
A myeloid progenitor cell committed to the monocyte lineage. This cell is CD11b-positive, has basophilic cytoplasm, euchromatin, and the presence of a nucleolus.
A myeloblast committed to the neutrophil lineage. This cell type is GATA-1 positive, C/EBPa-positive, AML-1-positive, c-myb-positive and has low expression of PU.1 transcription factor.
A fully differentiated basophil, a granular leukocyte with an irregularly shaped, pale-staining nucleus that is partially constricted into two lobes, and with cytoplasm that contains coarse granules of variable size. Basophils contain vasoactive amines such as histamine and serotonin, which are released on appropriate stimulation.
An undifferentiated neural cell that originates from the neuroectoderm and has the capacity both to perpetually self-renew without differentiating and to generate multiple central nervous system neuronal and glial cell types.
A stem cell that can give rise to multiple lineages of cells.
A progenitor cell committed to myeloid lineage, including the megakaryocyte and erythroid lineages.
colony forming unit granulocyte, erythrocyte, macrophage, and megakaryocyte
A progenitor cell committed to the megakaryocyte and erythroid lineages.
colony forming unit erythroid megakaryocyte
A oligopotent progenitor cell committed to the lymphoid lineage.
A precursor cell with a limited number of potential fates.
A cell that is commited to differentiating into a muscle cell. Embryonic myoblasts develop from the mesoderm. They undergo proliferation, migrate to their various sites, and then differentiate into the appropriate form of myocytes. Myoblasts also occur as transient populations of cells in muscles undergoing repair.
A connective tissue cell which secretes an extracellular matrix rich in collagen and other macromolecules. Flattened and irregular in outline with branching processes; appear fusiform or spindle-shaped.
Skeletogenic cell that is typically non-terminally differentiated, secretes an avascular, GAG rich matrix; is not buried in cartilage tissue matrix, retains the ability to divide, located adjacent to cartilage tissue (including within the perichondrium), and develops from prechondroblast (and thus prechondrogenic) cell.
Skeletogenic cell that produces enamel, overlies the odontogenic papilla, and arises from the differentiation of a preameloblast cell.
Skeletogenic cell that secretes dentine matrix, is derived from the odontogenic papilla, and develops from a preodontoblast cell.
Skeletogenic cell that secretes osteoid, is capable of producing mineralized (hydroxyapatite) matrix, is located adjacent to or within osteoid tissue, and arises from the transformation of a preosteoblast cell.
A cell that has a filiform extrusion of the cell surface.
A cell that is usually found in a two-dimensional sheet with a free surface. The cell has a cytoskeleton that allows for tight cell to cell contact and for cell polarity where apical part is directed towards the lumen and the basal part to the basal lamina.
An epithelial cell that is part of a duct.
An endothelial cell that lines the vasculature.
A columnar/cuboidal epithelial cell is a cell usually found in a two dimensional sheet with a free surface. Columnar/cuboidal epithelial cells take on the shape of a column or cube.
A flattened epithelial cell of mesenchymal origin that lines the serous cavity.
A cell found predominately in the blood.
A type of lymphocyte whose defining characteristic is the expression of a T cell receptor complex.
A specialized phagocytic cell associated with the absorption and removal of the mineralized matrix of bone tissue, which typically differentiates from monocytes. This cell has the following markers: tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase type 5-positive, PU.1-positive, c-fos-positive, nuclear factor NF-kappa-B p100 subunit-positive, tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily member 11A-positive and macrophage colony-stimulating factor 1 receptor-positive.
A leukocyte with abundant granules in the cytoplasm.
A fully differentiated neutrophil, a granular leukocyte having a nucleus with three to five lobes connected by slender threads, and cytoplasm containing fine inconspicuous granules and stainable by neutral dyes. They are produced in bone marrow at a rate of 5e10-10e10/day and have a half-life of 6-8 hours. Neutrophils are CD15-positive, CD16-positive, CD32-positive, CD43-positive, CD181-positive, and CD182-positive.
A cell that is found in almost all tissues containing numerous basophilic granules and capable of releasing large amounts of histamine and heparin upon activation. Progenitors leave bone marrow and mature in connective and mucosal tissue. Mature mast cells are found in all tissues, except the bloodstream. Their phenotype is CD117-high, CD123-negative, CD193-positive, CD200R3-positive, and FceRI-high. Stem-cell factor (KIT-ligand; SCF) is the main controlling signal of their survival and development.
A specialized epithelial cell involved in sensory perception. Restricted to special sense organs of the olfactory, gustatory, and vestibulocochlear receptor systems; contain sensory cells surrounded by supportive, non-receptive cells.
Most generally any neuron which is not motor or sensory. Interneurons may also refer to neurons whose axons remain within a particular brain region as contrasted with projection neurons which have axons projecting to other brain regions.
An efferent neuron that passes from the central nervous system or a ganglion toward or to a muscle and conducts an impulse that causes or inhibits movement.
Any neuron having a sensory function; an afferent neuron conveying sensory impulses.
A type of interneuron that has two neurites, usually an axon and a dendrite, extending from opposite poles of an ovoid cell body.
A neuron with three or more neurites, usually an axon and multiple dendrites.
Neuron with one neurite that extends from the cell body.
A neuron whose cell body is within an autonomic ganglion.
A neuron that uses acetylcholine as a vesicular neurotransmitter.
A vertebrate phagocyte with a single nucleus.
An endothelial cell comprises the outermost layer or lining of anatomical structures and can be squamous or cuboidal. In mammals, endothelial cell has vimentin filaments and is derived from the mesoderm.
Large intrinsic neuron located in the granule layer of the cerebellar cortex that extends its dendrites into the molecular layer where they receive contact from parallel fibers. The axon of the Golgi cell ramifies densely in the granule layer and enters into a complex arrangement with mossy fiber terminals and granule cell dendrites to form the cerebellar glomerulus. Llinas, Walton and Lang. In The Synaptic Organization of the Brain. 5th ed. 2004.
A neuron of the vertebrate central nervous system that is small in size. This general class includes small neurons in the granular layer of the cerebellar cortex, cerebral cortex neurons that are not pyramidal cells and small neurons without axons found in the olfactory bulb.
The output neuron of the cerebellar cortex.
A neuron that has dendritic processes radiating from the cell body forming a star-like shape.
neuron associated cell (sensu Vertebrata)
A non-neuronal cell of the nervous system. They not only provide physical support, but also respond to injury, regulate the ionic and chemical composition of the extracellular milieu. Guide neuronal migration during development, and exchange metabolites with neurons.
A neuroglial cell of ectodermal origin, i.e., the astrocytes and oligodendrocytes considered together.
A class of large neuroglial (macroglial) cells in the central nervous system - the largest and most numerous neuroglial cells in the brain and spinal cord. Astrocytes (from 'star' cells) are irregularly shaped with many long processes, including those with 'end feet' which form the glial (limiting) membrane and directly and indirectly contribute to the blood-brain barrier. They regulate the extracellular ionic and chemical environment, and 'reactive astrocytes' (along with microglia) respond to injury.
A class of large neuroglial (macroglial) cells in the central nervous system. Form the insulating myelin sheath of axons in the central nervous system.
A central nervous system macrophage found in the parenchyma of the central nervous system. Marker include CD11b-positive, F4/80-positive, and CD68-positive.
A connective tissue cell that normally gives rise to other cells that are organized as three-dimensional masses. In humans, this cell type is CD73-positive, CD90-positive, CD105-positive, CD45-negative, CD34-negative, and MHCII-negative. They may further differentiate into osteoblasts, adipocytes, myocytes, neurons, or chondroblasts in vitro. Originally described as residing in the bone marrow, this cell type is now known to reside in many, if not all, adult organs.
An inactive fibroblast; cytoplasm is sparse, endoplasmic reticulum is scanty with flattened nucleus. Term used by some histologists; when fibroblasts become relatively inactive in fiber formation. However, this cell has the potential for fibrogenesis in quiescent connective tissue of the adult, as well as during development, other histologists prefer to use the term fibroblast in all circumstances. These cells represent ~0.5% of peripheral blood leukocytes.
A fat-storing cell found mostly in the abdominal cavity and subcutaneous tissue of mammals. Fat is usually stored in the form of triglycerides.
Skeletogenic cell that is terminally differentiated, secretes an avascular, GAG-rich matrix, is embedded in cartilage tissue matrix, retains the ability to divide, and develops from a chondroblast cell.
A cell capable of processing and presenting lipid and protein antigens to T cells in order to initiate an immune response.
A pigment cell is a cell that contains pigment granules.
A pigment cell derived from the neural crest. Contains melanin-filled pigment granules, which gives a brown to black appearance.
A specialized epithelial cell that is capable of synthesizing and secreting certain biomolecules.
A cell that specializes in controlled release of one or more substances.
A cell of an exocrine gland; i.e. a gland that discharges its secretion via a duct.
A cell that secretes glycosaminoglycans.
Any secretory cell that is capable of some protein secretion.
A cell that specializes in secretion of surfactant in the alveoli of the lung.
A non-mucous, epithelial secretory cell that is part of the tracheobronchial tree. A club cell has short microvilli but no cilia. A club cell is able to multiply and differentiate into ciliated cells to regenerate the bronchiolar epithelium and it also protects the tracheobronchial epithelium.
A cell of the epithelial lining that produce and secrete mucins.
A cell of an endocrine gland, ductless glands that secrete substances which are released directly into the circulation and which influence metabolism and other body functions.
An endocrine cell that is located in the epithelium of the gastrointestinal tract or in the pancreas.
A neuron that is capable of some hormone secretion in response to neuronal signals.
A cell that stores epinephrine secretory vesicles. During times of stress, the nervous system signals the vesicles to secrete their hormonal content. Their name derives from their ability to stain a brownish color with chromic salts. Characteristically, they are located in the adrenal medulla and paraganglia of the sympathetic nervous system.
Any secretory cell that is capable of some peptide hormone secretion.
Any secretory cell that is capable of some insulin secretion.
A cell that secretes insulin and is located towards the center of the islets of Langerhans.
A type of enteocrine cell found in the periphery of the islets of Langerhans that secretes glucagon.
Any secretory cell that is capable of some somatostatin secretion.
A D cell located in the pancreas. Peripherally placed within the islets like type A cells; contains somatostatin.
Any secretory cell that is capable of some steroid hormone secretion.
A progesterone secreting cell in the corpus luteum. The large luteal cells develop from the granulosa cells. The small luteal cells develop from the theca cells.
Any secretory cell that is capable of some ecdysteroid secretion.
Any secretory cell that is capable of some testosterone secretion.
A Leydig cell is a testosterone-secreting cell in the interstitial area, between the seminiferous tubules, in the testis.
Any secretory cell that is capable of some progesterone secretion.
A steroid hormone secreting cell that secretes estradiol.
The main structural component of the liver. They are specialized epithelial cells that are organized into interconnected plates called lobules. Majority of cell population of liver, polygonal in shape, arranged in plates or trabeculae between sinusoids; may have single nucleus or binucleated.
A cell whose primary function is to shorten.
An animal cell that has characteristics of both a fibroblast cell and a smooth muscle cell.
A mature contractile cell, commonly known as a myocyte. This cell has as part of its cytoplasm myofibrils organized in various patterns.
A somatic cell located in skeletal muscle.
A muscle cell that develops tension more slowly than a fast-twitch fiber.
A non-striated, elongated, spindle-shaped cell found lining the digestive tract, uterus, and blood vessels. They develop from specialized myoblasts (smooth muscle myoblast).
A cell that is capable of detection of a stimulus involved in sensory perception.
A cell specialized to transduce mechanical stimuli and relay that information centrally in the nervous system.
Any neuron that is capable of some detection of mechanical stimulus involved in sensory perception of touch.
A mechanoreceptor cell of the auditory or vestibular system that is sensitive to auditory stimuli. The accessory sensory structures are arranged so that appropriate stimuli cause movement of the hair-like projections (stereocilia and kinocilia) which relay the information centrally in the nervous system.
Any neuronal receptor cell that is capable of some detection of mechanical stimulus involved in sensory perception of gravity.
A cellular receptor which mediates the sense of temperature. Thermoreceptor cells in vertebrates are mostly located under the skin. In mammals there are separate types of thermoreceptors for cold and for warmth and pain receptor cells which detect cold or heat extreme enough to cause pain.
A cell specialized to detect chemical substances and relay that information centrally in the nervous system. Chemoreceptors may monitor external stimuli, as in taste and olfaction, or internal stimuli, such as the concentrations of oxygen and carbon dioxide in the blood.
Any neuron that is capable of some detection of chemical stimulus involved in sensory perception of smell.
A specialized cell involved in gustatory sensory perception.
A cell specialized to detect and transduce light.
A cell whose function is determined by the generation or the reception of an electric signal.
A cell within an epithelial cell sheet whose main function is to act as an internal or external covering for a tissue or an organism.
A cell whose primary function is to prevent the transport of stuff across compartments.
A supporting cell projecting inward from the basement membrane of seminiferous tubules. They surround and nourish the developing male germ cells and secrete androgen binding protein. Their tight junctions with the spermatogonia and spermatocytes provide a blood-testis barrier.
A neuroglial cell of the peripheral nervous system which forms the insulating myelin sheaths of peripheral axons.
A cell that moves by its own activities.
A cell of the outer of the three germ layers of the embryo.
A cell of the middle germ layer of the embryo.
A cell of the inner of the three germ layers of the embryo.
Any cell that has characteristic some binucleate.
A red blood cell. In mammals, mature erythrocytes are biconcave disks containing hemoglobin whose function is to transport oxygen.
A non-nucleated disk-shaped cell formed by extrusion from megakaryocytes, found in the blood of all mammals, and mainly involved in blood coagulation.
Any cell capable of ingesting particulate matter via phagocytosis.
A mononuclear phagocyte present in variety of tissues, typically differentiated from monocytes, capable of phagocytosing a variety of extracellular particulate material, including immune complexes, microorganisms, and dead cells.
A lymphocyte of B lineage that is capable of B cell mediated immunity.
An epithelial cell characterized by the presence of a brush border on its apical surface, which increases the surface area for absorption.
A cell characteristically found lining hollow organs that are subject to great mechanical change due to contraction and distention; originally thought to represent a transition between stratified squamous and columnar epithelium.
Type of neuron that is a primary mechanosensory cell, with peripheral neurites innervating the skin with free nerve endings.
Any photoreceptor cell that is part of some eye.
A peptide hormone secreting cell that produces growth hormone, somatotropin.
A mature sexual reproductive cell having a single set of unpaired chromosomes.
A primordial germ cell of insects. Such cells form at the posterior pole of the early embryo.
An epithelial cell found in the trachea.
An epidermal cell which synthesizes keratin and undergoes a characteristic change as it moves upward from the basal layers of the epidermis to the cornified (horny) layer of the skin. Successive stages of differentiation of the keratinocytes forming the epidermal layers are basal cell, spinous or prickle cell, and the granular cell.
A cell secreting sebun, an oily substance secreted by sebaceous glands, composed of keratin, fat, and cellular debris.
Any secretory cell that is capable of some mucus secretion.
An epithelial cell that lines the peripheral gas exchange region of the lungs of air-breathing vertebrates.
A cell that is specialised to accumulate a particular substance(s).
Any cell that is capable of some oxygen transport.
A cell derived from the specialized ectoderm flanking each side of the embryonic neural plate, which after the closure of the neural tube, forms masses of cells that migrate out from the dorsal aspect of the neural tube to spread throughout the body.
A neural precursor of the central nervous system.
neuroblast (sensu Nematoda and Protostomia)
An early neural cell developing from the early ependymal cell of the neural tube.
pigment cell (sensu Nematoda and Protostomia)
Any cell that is part of some extraembryonic structure.
Any extraembryonic cell that is part of some amnioserosa.
A cell lining the outside of the blastocyst. After binding to the endometrium, trophoblast cells develop into two distinct layers, an inner layer of mononuclear cytotrophoblast cells and an outer layer of continuous multinuclear cytoplasm, the syncytiotrophoblast cells, which form the early fetal-maternal interface.
A multifate stem cell found in skeletal muscle than can differentiate into many different cell types, including muscle. Distinct cell type from satellite cell.
A smooth muscle cell associated with the vasculature.
An epithelial cell of the integument (the outer layer of an organism).
Diploid cell produced by the fusion of sperm cell nucleus and egg cell.
A progenitor cell found in the larval epidermis of insects and that gives rise to the adult abdominal epidermis.
prohemocyte (sensu Nematoda and Protostomia)
A blood cell of the circulatory system of arthropods.
An elongated fibrocyte that is part of a tendon. The cytoplasm is stretched between the collagen fibres of the tendon. They have a central cell nucleus with a prominent nucleolus. Tendon cells have a well-developed rough endoplasmic reticulum and they are responsible for synthesis and turnover of tendon fibres and ground substance.
blood cell (sensu Nematoda and Protostomia)
A hemocyte that synthesizes and secretes melanins as part of the antimicrobial immune response. It is characterized morphologically by crystal inclusions of phenoloxidases in its cytoplasm, hence its name.
A cell whose function is determined by its response to an electric signal.
A phagocytic hemocyte, responsible for the engulfment of small particles, microbes, and apoptotic tissue debris. It may also secretes antimicrobial peptides and contribute to the production and secretion of proteins of the hemolymph.
A hemocyte found in immuno-stimulated larvae.
Any interneuron that has its soma located in some ganglion.
An interneuron that has its cell body in a central nervous system.
A cell that initiates an electrical signal and passes that signal to another cell.
Any male germ cell that has characteristic some haploid and is capable of some fertilization.
A cell that contains more than two haploid sets of chromosomes.
A cell whose nucleus contains a single haploid genome.
A cell whose primary function is to cause growth by stimulating cell division in its immediate cellular environment.
A cell involved in the elimination of metabolic and foreign toxins, and in maintaining the ionic, acid-base and water balance of biological fluids.
A pigment cell derived from the neural crest. Contains cartenoid pigments in structures called pterinosomes or xanthosomes. This gives an appearance ranging from a golden yellow to orange and red.
A pigment cell derived from the neural crest. The cell contains flat light-reflecting platelets, probably of guanine, in stacks called reflecting platelets or iridisomes. The color-generating components produce a silver, gold, or iridescent color.
A peptide hormone secreting cell pituitary that produces luteinizing hormone.
A peptide hormone cell that secretes prolactin.
A cell of the intermediate pituitary that produces melanocyte stimulating hormone.
melanocyte stimulating hormone secreting cell
A stem cell that gives rise to the follicle cells that surround the oocyte in female arthropods.
A cell with extensive dendritic processes found in the B cell areas (primary follicles and germinal centers) of lymphoid tissue. They are unrelated to the dendritic cell associated with T cells. Follicular dendritic cells have Fc receptors and C3b receptors, but unlike other dendritic cells, they do not process or present antigen in a way that allows recognition by T cells. Instead, they hold antigen in the form of immune complexes on their surfaces for long periods and can present antigen to B cells during an immune response.
Any secretory cell that is capable of some calcitonin secretion.
An adipocyte with light coloration and few mitochondria. It contains a scant ring of cytoplasm surrounding a single large lipid droplet or vacuole.
A cell from the thermogenic form of adipose tissue found in many species, particularly in newborns and hibernating mammals, but also in lesser amounts in adults of other mammals including humans. Brown fat is capable of rapid liberation of energy and seems to be important in the maintenance of body temperature immediately after birth and upon waking from hibernation.
A cell of hematopoietic origin, typically resident in particular tissues, specialized in the uptake, processing, and transport of antigens to lymph nodes for the purpose of stimulating an immune response via T cell activation. These cells are lineage negative (CD3-negative, CD19-negative, CD34-negative, and CD56-negative).
Langerhans cell is a conventional dendritic cell that has plasma membrane part CD207. A Langerhans cell is a stellate dendritic cell of myeloid origin, that appears clear on light microscopy and has a dark-staining, indented nucleus and characteristic inclusions (Birbeck granules) in the cytoplasm; Langerhans cells are found principally in the stratum spinosum of the epidermis, but they also occur in other stratified epithelia and have been identified in the lung, lymph nodes, spleen, and thymus.
A cell capable of producing epinephrine. Epiniphrine is synthesized from norepiniphrine by the actions of the phenylethanolamine N-methyltransferase enzyme, which is expressed in the adrenal glands, androgenic neurons, and in other cell types.
Any secretory cell that is capable of some mineralocorticoid secretion.
A cell type that secretes 5-Hydroxytryptamine (serotonin).
A cell capable of producting norepiniphrine. Norepiniphrine is a catecholamine with multiple roles including as a hormone and a neurotransmitter. In addition, epiniphrine is synthesized from norepiniphrine by the actions of the phenylethanolamine N-methyltransferase enzyme.
Any secretory cell that is capable of some glucocorticoid secretion.
A peptide hormone secreting cell that produces adrenocorticotropin, or corticotropin.
adrenocorticotrophic hormone secreting cell
adrenocorticotropic hormone secreting cell
A neural progenitor cell that is the daughter of a neuroblast (sensu arthopoda). The progeny of ganglion mother cells develop into neurons, glia and (occasionally) epithelial cells.
A cell whose primary function is to protect the organism.
An insect renal cell that filters hemolymph and is found with other pericardial nephrocytes in two rows flanking the dorsal vessel.
A basophil cell of the anterior pituitary that produces thyroid stimulating hormone, thyrotrophin. This cell type is elongated, polygonal and lie in clusters towards the adenohypophyseal center.
thyroid stimulating hormone secreting cell
A somatic epithelial cell of the insect egg chamber.
An endocrine cell that secretes juvenile hormone.
Mast cell subtype whose granules contain both the serine proteases tryptase and chymase. These cells are primarily found in connective tissue, such as the peritoneal cavity, skin, and intestinal submucosa. Their development is T-cell independent.
Mast cell subtype that contains only the serine protease trypase in its granules. These cells are primarily found in mucosal tissue, such as intestinal mucosa and alveoli. They depend upon T-cells for development of phenotype.
A large binucleate cell that forms a 'garland' around the anterior end of the proventriculus (cardia) at its junction with the esophagus in both adults and larvae flies. Each cell is surrounded by a basement membrane and there are numerous micro-invaginations (lacunae) extending from the surface into the cytoplasm. At the mouth of each lacuna is a doubled filament forming a specialised filtration system (diaphragm). The filtrate is endocytosed from the lacunae.
A secretory cell of ectodermal origin. This cell may have important functions in fatty acid and hydrocarbon metabolism and is metabolically linked to the fat body and tracheae. This cell is exclusive of arthropods.
A photoreceptor cell that detects visible light.
A CD4-positive, alpha-beta T cell that cooperates with other lymphocytes via direct contact or cytokine release to initiate a variety of immune functions.
A photoreceptor cell that detects ultraviolet light.
An interneuron (also called relay neuron, association neuron or local circuit neuron) is a multipolar neuron which connects afferent neurons and efferent neurons in neural pathways. Like motor neurons, interneuron cell bodies are always located in the central nervous system (CNS).
A connective tissue cell of an organ found in the loose connective tissue. These are most often associated with the uterine mucosa and the ovary as well as the hematopoietic system and elsewhere.
An epithelial somatic cell associated with a maturing oocyte.
A supporting cell for the developing female gamete in the ovary of mammals. They develop from the coelomic epithelial cells of the gonadal ridge. Granulosa cells form a single layer around the mammalian oocyte in the primordial ovarian follicle and advance to form a multilayered cumulus oophorus surrounding the ovum in the Graafian follicle. The major functions of granulosa cells include the production of steroids and LH receptors.
A cell found throughout the gastrointestinal tract and in the pancreas. They secrete somatostatin in both an endocrine and paracrine manner. Somatostatin inhibits gastrin, cholecystokinin, insulin, glucagon, pancreatic enzymes, and gastric hydrochloric acid. A variety of substances which inhibit gastric acid secretion (vasoactive intestinal peptide, calcitonin gene-related peptide, cholecystokinin, beta-adrenergic agonists, and gastric inhibitory peptide) are thought to act by releasing somatostatin.
A peptide hormone secreting cell that secretes androgen binding protein.
A precursor cell destined to differentiate into cardiac muscle cell.
A precursor cell destined to differentiate into smooth muscle myocytes.
A myoblast that differentiates into skeletal muscle fibers.
A type of foam cell derived from a macrophage containing lipids in small vacuoles and typically seen in atherolosclerotic lesions, as well as other conditions.
A phagocyte in vertebrates that is able to phagocytosis.
A phagocyte from organisms in the Nematoda or Protostomia clades.
phagocyte (sensu Nematoda and Protostomia)
A cell from the outer syncytial layer of the trophoblast of an early mammalian embryo, directly associated with the maternal blood supply. It secretes hCG in order to maintain progesterone secretion and sustain a pregnancy.
A neuron which conveys sensory information centrally from the periphery.
A neuron which sends impulses peripherally to activate muscles or secretory cells.
A neuron that develops during the early segmentation stages in teleosts, before the neural tube is formed.
A primary neuron (sensu Teleostei) that has a sensory function.
primary sensory neuron (sensu Teleostei)
The basic cellular unit of nervous tissue. Each neuron consists of a body, an axon, and dendrites. Their purpose is to receive, conduct, and transmit impulses in the nervous system.
A cell that originates from the neural crest and differentiates into a pigment cell.
A lymphocyte is a leukocyte commonly found in the blood and lymph that has the characteristics of a large nucleus, a neutral staining cytoplasm, and prominent heterochromatin.
A CD4-positive, alpha-beta T cell that has the phenotype T-bet-positive, CXCR3-positive, CCR6-negative, and is capable of producing interferon-gamma.
A CD4-positive, alpha-beta T cell that has the phenotype GATA-3-positive, CXCR3-negative, CCR6-negative, and is capable of producing interleukin-4.
An immature, nucleated erythrocyte occupying the stage of erythropoeisis that follows formation of erythroid progenitor cells. This cell is CD71-positive, has both a nucleus and a nucleolus, and lacks hematopoeitic lineage markers.
A nucleated immature erythrocyte, having cytoplasm generally similar to that of the earlier proerythroblast but sometimes even more basophilic, and usually regular in outline. The nucleus is still relatively large, but the chromatin strands are thicker and more deeply staining, giving a coarser appearance; the nucleoli have disappeared. This cell is CD71-positive and lacks hematopoeitic lineage markers.
A nucleated, immature erythrocyte in which the nucleus occupies a relatively smaller part of the cell than in its precursor, the basophilic erythroblast. The cytoplasm is beginning to acquire hemoglobin and thus is no longer a purely basophilic, but takes on acidophilic aspects, which becomes progressively more marked as the cell matures. The chromatin of the nucleus is arranged in coarse, deeply staining clumps. This cell is CD71-positive and lacks hematopoeitic lineage markers.
The final stage of the nucleated, immature erythrocyte, before nuclear loss. Typically the cytoplasm is described as acidophilic, but it still shows a faint polychromatic tint. The nucleus is small and initially may still have coarse, clumped chromatin, as in its precursor, the polychromatophilic erythroblast, but ultimately it becomes pyknotic, and appears as a deeply staining, blue-black, homogeneous structureless mass. The nucleus is often eccentric and sometimes lobulated.
The earliest cytologically identifiable precursor in the thrombocytic series. This cell is capable of endomitosis and lacks expression of hematopoieitic lineage markers (lin-negative).
A large hematopoietic cell (50 to 100 micron) with a lobated nucleus. Once mature, this cell undergoes multiple rounds of endomitosis and cytoplasmic restructuring to allow platelet formation and release.
A hematopoietic progenitor cell that is committed to the granulocyte and monocyte lineages. These cells are CD123-positive, and do not express Gata1 or Gata2 but do express C/EBPa, and Pu.1.
colony forming unit granulocyte macrophage
An immature erythrocyte that changes the protein composition of its plasma membrane by exosome formation and extrusion. The types of protein removed differ between species though removal of the transferrin receptor is apparent in mammals and birds.
A precursor in the monocytic series, being a cell intermediate in development between the monoblast and monocyte. This cell is CD11b-positive and has fine azurophil granules.
Interneuron of the vertebrate retina. They integrate, modulate, and interpose a temporal domain in the visual message presented to the retinal ganglion cells, with which they synapse in the inner plexiform layer. They lack large axons.
A rounded, inactive form that certain bacteria assume under conditions of extreme temperature, dryness, or lack of food. The bacterium develops a waterproof cell wall that protects it from being dried out or damaged.
A promyelocyte committed to the neutrophil lineage. This cell type is GATA-1-positive, C/EBPa-positive, AML-1-positive, MPO-positive, has low expression of PU.1 transcription factor and lacks lactotransferrin expression.
A mesenchymal stem cell capable of developing into blood vessel endothelium.
A cell that originates in the neural crest, that has certain cytochemical and ultrastructural characteristics and is found scattered throughout the body; types include melanocytes, the cells of the chromaffin system, and cells in the hypothalamus, hypophysis, thyroid, parathyroids, lungs, gastrointestinal tract, and pancreas. This cell type concentrates the amino acid precursors of certain amines and decarboxylate them, forming amines that function as regulators and neurotransmitters. This cell type produces substances such as epinephrine, norepinephrine, dopamine, serotonin, enkephalin, somatostatin, neurotensin, and substance P, the actions of which may affect contiguous cells, nearby groups of cells, or distant cells, thus functioning as local or systemic hormones. The name is an acronym for amine precursor uptake and decarboxylation cell.
amine precursor uptake and decarboxylation cell
A mesenchymal cell found in the developing heart and that develops into some part of the heart. These cells derive from intra- and extra-cardiac sources, including the endocardium, epicardium, neural crest, and second heart field.
A neuroepithelial cells that occurs singly or in small groups, close to the outer follicular borders but within the follicular basement membrane of the thyroid. Expresses a form of the neural cell adhesion molecule (N-CAM) on their surface. Secretes calcitonin, 5-hydroxytryptamine and dopamine.
A pigment cell derived from the neural crest. Contains uric acid or other purine crystals deposited in stacks called leucosomes. The crystals reflect light and this gives a white appearance under white light.
One of the two photoreceptor cell types in the vertebrate retina. In cones the photopigment is in invaginations of the cell membrane of the outer segment. Cones are less sensitive to light than rods, but they provide vision with higher spatial and temporal acuity, and the combination of signals from cones with different pigments allows color vision.
A pigment cell derived from the neural crest. Contains pteridine and/or carotenoid pigments in structures called pterinosomes or erythrosomes. This gives an orange to red appearance.
Myeloid mononuclear recirculating leukocyte that can act as a precursor of tissue macrophages, osteoclasts and some populations of tissue dendritic cells.
A follicle cell that migrates from the anterior pole of the insect egg chamber to the anterior of the oocyte where they participate in the formation of the micropyle.
An epithelial cell that has its apical plasma membrane folded into microvilli to provide ample surface for the absorption of nutrients from the intestinal lumen.
The reproductive cell in multicellular organisms.
A specialized osteoclast associated with the absorption and removal of cementum.
A steroid hormone secreting cell that secretes androgen.
An elongated, spindle-shaped, cell that is located between the basal lamina and the plasmalemma of a muscle fiber. These cells are mostly quiescent, but upon activation they divide to produce cells that generate new muscle fibers.
A spore formed following meiosis. Sometimes following meiosis, prospores may undergo one or more rounds of mitosis before they are fully mature.
Pyramidal neurons have a pyramid-shaped soma with a single axon, a large apical dendrite and multiple basal dendrites. The apex and an apical dendrite typically point toward the pial surface and other dendrites and an axon emerging from the base. The axons may have local collaterals but also project outside their region. Pyramidal neurons are found in the cerebral cortex, the hippocampus, and the amygdala.
An asexual, nonmotile spore formed by higher fungi; conidia are usually made from the side or tip of specialized sporogenous cells and do not form by progressive cleavage of the cytoplasm.
A mechanoreceptor in the organ of Corti. In mammals the outer hair cells are arranged in three rows which are further from the modiolus than the single row of inner hair cells. The motile properties of the outer hair cells may contribute actively to tuning the sensitivity and frequency selectivity of the cochlea.
One of the two photoreceptor cell types of the vertebrate retina. In rods the photopigment is in stacks of membranous disks separate from the outer cell membrane. Rods are more sensitive to light than cones, but rod mediated vision has less spatial and temporal resolution than cone vision.
A spore formed following mitosis or mitoses.
The larger of two types of asexual spores formed by some fungi; usually round or oblong.
A thick walled spore that stores and protects one or more nuclei following sexual reproduction in an Ascomycete.
A thick walled, sexual, resting spore formed by Zygomycetes; sometimes refers to the spore and the multi-layered cell wall that encloses the spore, the zygosporangium.
A mechanoreceptor located in the acoustic maculae and the semicircular canals that mediates the sense of balance, movement, and head position. The vestibular hair cells are connected to accessory structures in such a way that movements of the head displace their stereocilia. This influences the membrane potential of the cells which relay information about movements via the vestibular part of the vestibulocochlear nerve to the brain stem.
Any granulocytopoietic cell that has part some transcription factor PU.1 and has part some CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein alpha and has part some erythroid transcription factor and lacks plasma membrane part some CD19 molecule and lacks plasma membrane part some CD4 molecule and lacks plasma membrane part some integrin alpha-M and lacks plasma membrane part some CD3 epsilon and lacks plasma membrane part some neural cell adhesion molecule 1 and lacks plasma membrane part some CD2 molecule and lacks plasma membrane part some T-cell surface glycoprotein CD8 alpha chain and lacks plasma membrane part some membrane-spanning 4-domains subfamily A member 1 and lacks plasma membrane part some T-cell surface glycoprotein CD5 and lacks plasma membrane part some CD14 molecule and lacks plasma membrane part some lymphocyte antigen 6G and lacks plasma membrane part some lymphocyte antigen 76 (mouse) and has plasma membrane part some CD34 molecule and has plasma membrane part some ADP-ribosyl cyclase/cyclic ADP-ribose hydrolase 1 and has plasma membrane part some interleukin-3 receptor class 2 alpha chain and has plasma membrane part some interleukin-5 receptor subunit alpha and has plasma membrane part some mast/stem cell growth factor receptor and is capable of some eosinophil differentiation.
A eosinophil precursor in the granulocytic series, being a cell intermediate in development between a promyelocyte and a metamyelocyte;in this stage, production of primary granules is complete and eosinophil-specific granules has started. No nucleolus is present. These cells are integrin alpha-M-positive, CD13-positive, CD15-positive, CD16-negative, CD24-positive, and CD33-positive.
A progenitor cell committed to the basophil lineage. This cell lacks hematopoietic lineage markers (lin-negative) and is CD34-positive, T1/ST2-low, CD117-negative, and FceRIa-high. This cell also expresses Gata-1, Gata-2 and C/EBPa.
A basophil precursor in the granulocytic series, being a cell intermediate in development between a promyelocyte and a metamyelocyte; in this stage, production of primary granules is complete and basophil-specific granules has started. No nucleolus is present. Markers are being integrin alpha-M-positive, fucosyltransferase FUT4-positive, CD33-positive, CD24-positive, aminopeptidase N-positive.
A thick walled spore containing one or more haploid nuclei produced by sexual reproduction in an Basidiomycete; formed externally on extrusions of the basidium.
A neuron that uses GABA as a vesicular neurotransmitter
A secretory cell that is grouped together with other cells of the same type to form grape shaped clusters known as acini (singular acinus).
A lymphocyte that can spontaneously kill a variety of target cells without prior antigenic activation via germline encoded activation receptors and also regulate immune responses via cytokine release and direct contact with other cells.
A mature alpha-beta T cell that expresses an alpha-beta T cell receptor and the CD4 coreceptor.
A T cell expressing an alpha-beta T cell receptor and the CD8 coreceptor.
A cell whose primary function is to support other cell types.
A cell that is found in the perisinusoidal space of the liver that is capable of multiple roles including storage of retinol, presentation of antigen to T cells (including CD1d-restricted NKT cells), and upon activation, production of extracellular matrix components that can contribute to liver fibrosis. This activated state has a myofibroblast-like phenotype, though it's not clear in the literature if this is terminally differentiated. This cell type comprises approximately 8-15% of total cells in the liver.
A cell that stains readily in the anterior pituitary gland.
chromophil cell of anterior pituitary gland
A basophilic chromophil cell that of the anterior pituitary gland.
basophil cell of anterior lobe of hypophysis
basophil cell of pars distalis of adenohypophysis
Type of radial astrocyte in the cerebellar cortex that have their cell bodies in the Purkinje cell layer and processes that extend into the molecular layer, terminating with bulbous endfeet at the pial surface. Bergmann glia express high densities of glutamate transporters that limit diffusion of the neurotransmitter glutamate during its release from synaptic terminals. Besides their role in early development of the cerebellum, Bergmann glia are also required for the pruning or addition of synapses.
Undifferentiated; mitotic stem cell for other epithelial cell types; rounded or elliptical with little cytoplasm and few organelles; contain cytokeratin intermediate filament.
A phagocytic cell formed by the fusion of macrophages, occurs in chronic inflammatory responses to persistent microorganism such as M.tuberculosis, component of granulomas. Sometimes used to refer to megakaryocytes.
A smooth muscle cell that synthesizes, stores, and secretes the enzyme renin. This cell type are located in the wall of the afferent arteriole at the entrance to the glomerulus. While having a different origin than other kidney smooth muscle cells, this cell type expresses smooth muscle actin upon maturation.
A cell type that encapsulates the capillaries and venules in the kidney. This cell secretes mesangial matrix that provides the structural support for the capillaries.
A specialized kidney epithelial cell, contained within a glomerulus, that contains "feet" that interdigitate with the "feet" of other podocytes.
epithelial cell of visceral layer of glomerular capsule
A primary oocyte is an oocyte that has not completed female meosis I.
A secondary oocyte is an oocyte that has not completed meiosis II.
A diploid cell that has derived from a spermatogonium and can subsequently begin meiosis and divide into two haploid secondary spermatocytes.
One of the two haploid cells into which a primary spermatocyte divides, and which in turn gives origin to spermatids.
An endothelial cell that has small pores, or fenestrations, which allow for the efficient exchange of substances between the blood and surrounding tissues.
An extracellular matrix secreting cell that secretes collagen.
An elongated, contractile cell found wrapped about precapillary arterioles outside the basement membrane. Pericytes are present in capillaries where proper adventitia and muscle layer are missing (thus distingushing this cell type from adventitial cells). They are relatively undifferentiated and may become fibroblasts, macrophages, or smooth muscle cells.
A primordial germ cell is a diploid germ cell precursors that transiently exist in the embryo before they enter into close association with the somatic cells of the gonad and become irreversibly committed as germ cells.
A follicle cell that migrates from the dorso-anterior part of the oocyte associated follicular epithelium, in between the nurse cells and the oocyte, and participates in the formation of the operculum.
A mature sexual reproductive cell of the female germline.
Cell of the intestinal epithelium with a brush border made up of many parallel packed microvilli; associated with absorption, particularly of macromolecules.
A neuron that is capable of some neurotansmission by glutamate secretion.
A non-terminally differentiated cell that is capable of developing into a muscle cell.
A cell present in the developing CNS. Functions as both a precursor cell and as a scaffold to support neuronal migration.
A cell that transports hormones from neurosecretory cells. This nerve cell is characterized by bipolar shape and endfeet that contact a basal lamina around blood vessels, and/or the pia mater or vitreous body of the eye and additionally contact the ventricular surface or sub-retinal space.
A columnar/cuboidal epithelial cell that secretes cerebrospinal fluid.
Any interneuron that has characteristic some stellate morphology.
A neuron of the human embryonic marginal zone which display, as a salient feature, radial ascending processes that contact the pial surface, and a horizontal axon plexus located in the deep marginal zone. One feature of these cells in mammals is that they express the Reelin gene.
A cell that stores and secretes pancreatic polypeptide hormone.
A neuron that releases dopamine as a neurotransmitter.
A specialized endothelial cell that senses extracellular signals and guides the directed growth of blood vessels.
Stromal cell that forms the internal covering of the vertebrate brain and produces ECM for this and the choroid plexus.
Epithelial cells derived from neural plate and neural crest.
Cumulus cell is a specialized granulosa cell that surrounds and nourishes the oocyte. This cell-type surrounds the fully-grown oocyte to form a cumulus-oocyte complex (abbr. COC). The terms cumulus oophorus cells, cumulus granulosa cells, cumulus oophorous granulosa cells, granulosa-cumulus cells are used to make a distinction between this cell and the other functionally different subpopulation of granulosa cells at the wall of the Graafian follicle.
A crystal cell that derives from the embryonic head mesoderm.
A crystal cell that derives from the larval lymph gland.
A cell of an ommatidium that secretes lens materials.
A stem cell that can give rise to cell types of the body other than those of the germ-line.
A differentiated cell that functions as a site of nitrogen fixation under aerobic conditions.
Any cell that is capable of some nitrogen fixation.
An asexual 1-celled spore (primarily for perennation, not dissemination). Originates endogenously and singly within part of a pre-existing cell by the contraction of the protoplast. Possesses an inner secondary and often thickened hyaline or brown wall, usually impregnated with hydrophobic material.
A cell at the front of a migrating epithelial sheet.
A cell of a layer of transitional epithelium in the wall of the proximal urethra, bladder, ureter or renal pelvis, external to the lamina propria.
urinary tract transitional epithelial cell
A plasmatocyte that derives from the larval lymph gland.
A hemocyte that derives from the larval lymph gland.
Muscle cell which has as its direct parts myofilaments organized into sarcomeres.
An achromatic cell of the myeloid or lymphoid lineages capable of ameboid movement, found in blood or other tissue.
The set of neurons that receives neural inputs via bipolar, horizontal and amacrine cells. The axons of these cells make up the optic nerve.
Cardiac muscle cells are striated muscle cells that are responsible for heart contraction. In mammals, the contractile fiber resembles those of skeletal muscle but are only one third as large in diameter, are richer in sarcoplasm, and contain centrally located instead of peripheral nuclei.
A pigment cell derived from the neural crest. Contains blue pigment of unknown chemical composition in fibrous organelles termed cyanosomes. This gives a blue appearance.
A bipolar neuron found in the retina and having connections with photoreceptors cells and neurons in the inner plexiform layer.
A bipolar neuron found in the retina and having connections with photoreceptors cells and neurons in the inner half of the inner plexiform layer. These cells depolarize in response to light stimulation of their corresponding photoreceptors.
A bipolar neuron found in the retina that is synapsed by rod photoreceptor cells but not by cone photoreceptor cells. These neurons depolarize in response to light.
A bipolar neuron found in the retina and having connections with cone photoreceptor cells and neurons in the inner plexiform layer.
A nucleated blood cell involved in coagulation, typically seen in birds and other non-mammalian vertebrates.
A cell of the monocyte, granulocyte, mast cell, megakaryocyte, or erythroid lineage.
A immature or mature cell in the lineage leading to and including erythrocytes.
A nucleated precursor of an erythrocyte that lacks hematopoietic lineage markers.
A cell of the monocyte, granulocyte, or mast cell lineage.
Any of the immature or mature forms of a granular leukocyte that in its mature form has an irregularly shaped, pale-staining nucleus that is partially constricted into two lobes, and with cytoplasm that contains coarse, bluish-black granules of variable size. Basophils contain vasoactive amines such as histamine and serotonin, which are released on appropriate stimulation. A basophil is CD123-positive, CD193-positive, CD203c-positive, and FceRIa-positive.
Any of the immature forms of a basophil, in which basophilic specific granules are present but other phenotypic features of the mature form may be lacking.
A basophil precursor in the granulocytic series, being a cell intermediate in development between a basophilic myelocyte and a band form basophil. The nucleus becomes indented where the indentation is smaller than half the distance to the farthest nuclear margin; chromatin becomes coarse and clumped; specific granules predominate while primary granules are rare. Markers are CD11b-positive, CD15-positive, CD16-positive, CD24-positive, CD33-positive, and CD13-positive.
A late basophilic metamyelocyte in which the nucleus is in the form of a curved or coiled band, not having acquired the typical multilobar shape of the mature basophil.
Any of the immature or mature forms of a granular leukocyte with a nucleus that usually has two lobes connected by one or more slender threads of chromatin, and cytoplasm containing coarse, round granules that are uniform in size and which can be stained by the dye eosin. Eosinophils are CD9-positive, CD191-positive, and CD193-positive.
Any of the immature forms of an eosinophil, in which eosinophilic specific granules are present but other phenotypic features of the mature form may be lacking.
A eosinophil precursor in the granulocytic series, being a cell intermediate in development between a eosinophilic myelocyte and a band form eosinophil. The nucleus becomes indented where the indentation is smaller than half the distance to the farthest nuclear margin; chromatin becomes coarse and clumped; specific granules predominate while primary granules are rare. Markers are integrin alpha-M-positive, fucosyltransferase FUT4-positive, low affinity immunoglobulin gamma Fc region receptor III-positive, CD33-positive, CD24-positive and aminopeptidase N-negative.
A late eosinophilic metamyelocyte in which the nucleus is in the form of a curved or coiled band, not having acquired the typical multilobar shape of the mature eosinophil.
Any of the immature or mature forms of a granular leukocyte that in its mature form has a nucleus with three to five lobes connected by slender threads of chromatin, and cytoplasm containing fine inconspicuous granules and stainable by neutral dyes.
Any of the immature forms of a neutrophil in which neutrophilic specific granules are present but other phenotypic features of the mature form may be lacking.
A tissue-resident macrophage of the renal glomerular mesangium involved in the disposal and degradation of filtration residues, presentation of antigen to T cells and in tissue remodeling.
A specialized mononuclear osteoclast associated with the absorption and removal of bone, precursor of multinuclear osteoclasts.
A specialized multinuclear osteoclast associated with the absorption and removal of bone.
A specialized multinuclear osteoclast associated with the absorption and removal of cementum.
A specialized mononuclear osteoclast associated with the absorption and removal of cementum.
A dendritic cell of the myeloid lineage.
A phagocyte formed by the fusion of mononuclear phagocytes.
A dendritic cell type of distinct morphology, localization, and surface marker expression (CD123-positive) from other dendritic cell types and associated with early stage immune responses, particularly the release of physiologically abundant amounts of type I interferons in response to infection.
A B cell that is mature, having left the bone marrow. Initially, these cells are IgM-positive and IgD-positive, and they can be activated by antigen.
A terminally differentiated, post-mitotic, antibody secreting cell of the B cell lineage with the phenotype CD138-positive, surface immunonoglobulin-negative, and MHC Class II-negative. Plasma cells are oval or round with extensive rough endoplasmic reticulum, a well-developed Golgi apparatus, and a round nucleus having a characteristic cartwheel heterochromatin pattern and are devoted to producing large amounts of immunoglobulin.
A memory B cell is a mature B cell that is long-lived, readily activated upon re-encounter of its antigenic determinant, and has been selected for expression of higher affinity immunoglobulin. This cell type has the phenotype CD19-positive, CD20-positive, MHC Class II-positive, and CD138-negative.
A naive B cell is a mature B cell that has the phenotype surface IgD-positive, surface IgM-positive, CD20-positive, CD27-negative and that has not yet been activated by antigen in the periphery.
A T cell that expresses an alpha-beta T cell receptor complex.
An alpha-beta T cell that has an immature phenotype and has not completed T cell selection.
A alpha-beta T cell that has a mature phenotype.
A CD4-positive, CD25-positive, alpha-beta T cell that regulates overall immune responses as well as the responses of other T cell subsets through direct cell-cell contact and cytokine release.
CD4-positive, CD25-positive, alpha-beta regulatory T lymphocyte
CD4-positive, CD25-positive, alpha-beta regulatory T-cell
CD4-positive, CD25-positive, alpha-beta regulatory T-lymphocyte
CD4-positive, CD25-positive, alpha-beta regulatory T cell
A CD4-positive, alpha-beta T cell that is found in the columnar epithelium of the gastrointestinal tract.
CD4-positive, alpha-beta intraepithelial T lymphocyte
CD4-positive, alpha-beta intraepithelial T-cell
CD4-positive, alpha-beta intraepithelial T-lymphocyte
CD4-positive, alpha-beta intraepithelial T cell
A CD8-positive, alpha-beta T cell that is capable of killing target cells in an antigen specific manner with the phenotype perforin-positive and granzyme B-positive.
CD8-positive, alpha-beta cytotoxic T lymphocyte
CD8-positive, alpha-beta cytotoxic T-cell
CD8-positive, alpha-beta cytotoxic T-lymphocyte
CD8-positive, alpha-beta cytotoxic T cell
A CD8-positive, alpha-beta T cell that regulates overall immune responses as well as the responses of other T cell subsets through direct cell-cell contact and cytokine release.
CD8-positive, alpha-beta regulatory T lymphocyte
CD8-positive, alpha-beta regulatory T-cell
CD8-positive, alpha-beta regulatory T-lymphocyte
CD8-positive, alpha-beta regulatory T cell
A alpha-beta intraepithelial T cell found in the columnar epithelium of the gastrointestinal tract. Intraepithelial T cells often have distinct developmental pathways and activation requirements.
CD8-positive, alpha-beta intraepithelial T lymphocyte
CD8-positive, alpha-beta intraepithelial T-cell
CD8-positive, alpha-beta intraepithelial T-lymphocyte
CD8-alpha-beta-positive, alpha-beta intraepithelial T cell
A mature alpha-beta T cell of the columnar epithelium of the gastrointestinal tract. Intraepithelial T cells often have distinct developmental pathways and activation requirements.
A T cell that expresses a gamma-delta T cell receptor complex.
A gamma-delta T cell that has an immature phenotype.
A gamma-delta T cell that has a mature phenotype. These cells can be found in tissues and circulation where they express unique TCR repertoire depending on their location.
A mature gamma-delta T cell that is found in the columnar epithelium of the gastrointestinal tract. These cells participate in mucosal immune responses.
gamma-delta intraepithelial T lymphocyte
gamma-delta intraepithelial T-lymphocyte
A gamma-delta intraepithelial T cell that has the phenotype CD8-alpha alpha-positive.
CD8-positive, gamma-delta intraepithelial T lymphocyte
CD8-positive, gamma-delta intraepithelial T-cell
CD8-positive, gamma-delta intraepithelial T-lymphocyte
CD8-alpha alpha positive, gamma-delta intraepithelial T cell
A gamma-delta intraepithelial T cell that has the phenotype CD4-negative and CD8-negative.
CD4-positive, gamma-delta intraepithelial T lymphocyte
CD4-positive, gamma-delta intraepithelial T-cell
CD4-positive, gamma-delta intraepithelial T-lymphocyte
CD4-negative CD8-negative gamma-delta intraepithelial T cell
A thymocyte that has the phenotype CD4-negative, CD8-positive, CD44-negative, CD25-negative, and pre-TCR-positive.
A thymocyte that has the phenotype CD4-negative, CD8-negative, CD44-positive, and CD25-positive.
A thymocyte that has the phenotype CD4-negative, CD8-negative, CD44-negative, and CD25-positive and expressing the T cell receptor beta-chain in complex with the pre-T cell receptor alpha chain.
A thymocyte that has the phenotype CD4-negative, CD8-negative, CD44-negative, CD25-negative, and pre-TCR-positive.
A thymocyte expressing the alpha-beta T cell receptor complex as well as both the CD4 and CD8 coreceptors.
double-positive, alpha-beta immature T lymphocyte
An immature alpha-beta T cell that is located in the thymus and is CD4-positive and CD8-negative.
CD4-positive, alpha-beta immature T lymphocyte
CD4-positive, alpha-beta immature T-cell
CD4-positive, alpha-beta immature T-lymphocyte
An immature alpha-beta T cell that is located in the thymus and is CD8-positive and CD4-negative.
CD8-positive, alpha-beta immature T lymphocyte
CD8-positive, alpha-beta immature T-cell
CD8-positive, alpha-beta immature T-lymphocyte
CD8-positive, alpha-beta immature T cell
A long-lived, antigen-experienced T cell that has acquired a memory phenotype including distinct surface markers and the ability to differentiate into an effector T cell upon antigen reexposure.
A mature alpha-beta T cell of a distinct lineage that bears natural killer markers and a T cell receptor specific for a limited set of ligands. NK T cells have activation and regulatory roles particularly early in an immune response.
A T cell which regulates overall immune responses as well as the responses of other T cell subsets through direct cell-cell contact and cytokine release.
An immature B cell is a B cell that has the phenotype surface IgM-positive and surface IgD-negative, and have not undergone class immunoglobulin class switching or peripheral encounter with antigen and activation.
A precursor B cell is a B cell with the phenotype CD10-positive.
An immature B cell of an intermediate stage between the pre-B cell stage and the mature naive stage with the phenotype surface IgM-positive and CD19-positive, and are subject to the process of B cell selection. A transitional B cell migrates from the bone marrow into the peripheral circulation, and then to the spleen.
A B cell of distinct lineage and surface marker expression. B-1 B cells are thought to be the primary source of natural IgM immunoglobulin, that is, IgM produced in large quantities without prior antigenic stimulation and generally reactive against various microorganisms, as well as the source of T-independent IgA immunoglobulin in the mucosal areas. These cells are CD43-positive.
A B-1 B cell that has the phenotype CD5-positive.
A B-1 B cell that has the phenotype CD5-negative, but having other phenotypic attributes of a B-1 B cell.
A conventional B cell subject to antigenic stimulation and dependent on T cell help and with a distinct surface marker expression pattern from B-1 B cells. These cells are CD43-negative.
A natural killer cell that is developmentally immature and expresses natural killer cell receptors (NKR).
A lymphoid progenitor cell that is committed to the natural killer cell lineage, expressing CD122 (IL-15) receptor, but lacking many of the phenotypic characteristics of later stages of natural killer cell development such as expression of NK activating and inhibitory molecules. In human this cell has the phenotype CD34-positive, CD45RA-positive, CD10-positive, CD117-negative, and CD161 negative.
A progenitor cell of the B cell lineage, with some lineage specific activity such as early stages of recombination of B cell receptor genes, but not yet fully committed to the B cell lineage until the expression of PAX5 occurs.
A lymphoid progenitor cell of the T cell lineage, with some lineage specific marker expression, but not yet fully committed to the T cell lineage.
A progenitor cell of the thrombocyte, a nucleated blood cell involved in coagulation typically seen in birds and other non-mammalian vertebrates.
A myeloblast committed to the basophil lineage.
A promyelocyte committed to the basophil lineage.
A progenitor cell of the mast cell lineage. Markers for this cell are FceRIa-low, CD117-positive, CD9-positive, T1/ST2-positive, SCA1-negative, and lineage-negative.
A myeloblast committed to the eosinophil lineage.
A promyelocyte committed to the eosinophil lineage.
A progenitor cell of the neutrophil lineage.
The most primitive precursor in the granulocytic series, having fine, evenly distributed chromatin, several nucleoli, a high nuclear-to-cytoplasmic ration (5:1-7:1), and a nongranular basophilic cytoplasm. They reside in the bone marrow.
A precursor in the granulocytic series, being a cell intermediate in development between a myeloblast and myelocyte, that has distinct nucleoli, a nuclear-to-cytoplasmic ratio of 5:1 to 3:1, and containing a few primary cytoplasmic granules. Markers for this cell are fucosyltransferase FUT4-positive, CD33-positive, integrin alpha-M-negative, low affinity immunoglobulin gamma Fc region receptor III-negative, and CD24-negative.
A hematopoietic multipotent progenitor cell is multipotent, but not capable of long-term self-renewal. These cells are characterized as lacking lineage cell surface markers and being CD34-positive in both mice and humans.
hematopoietic multipotent progenitor cell
A progenitor cell restricted to the lymphoid lineage.
lymphoid lineage restricted progenitor cell
A progenitor cell restricted to the myeloid lineage.
myeloid lineage restricted progenitor cell
An immature cell of the conventional dendritic cell lineage, characterized by high levels of antigen uptake via endocytosis, macropinocytosis, and phagocytosis, and typically found resident in the tissues. Markers for this cell are CD80-low, CD86-low, and MHC-II-low.
A mature cell of the conventional dendritic cell lineage, characterized by a high capacity for antigen presentation and typically found in a lymph node.
A leukocyte with a single non-segmented nucleus in the mature form.
A resting mature B cell that has the phenotype IgM-positive, IgD-positive, CD23-positive and CD21-positive, and found in the B cell follicles of the white pulp of the spleen or the corticol areas of the peripheral lymph nodes. This cell type is also described as being CD19-positive, B220-positive, AA4-negative, CD43-negative, and CD5-negative.
A rapidly cycling mature B cell that has distinct phenotypic characteristics and is involved in T-dependent immune responses and located typically in the germinal centers of lymph nodes. This cell type expresses Ly77 after activation.
A mature B cell that is located in the marginal zone of the spleen with the phenotype CD23-negative and CD21-positive and expressing a B cell receptor usually reactive to bacterial cell wall components or senescent self components such as oxidized-LDL. This cell type is also described as being CD19-positive, B220-positive, IgM-high, AA4-negative, CD35-high.
An olfactory receptor cell in which the apical ending of the dendrite is a pronounced ciliated olfactory knob.
A neuron that releases serotonin as a neurotransmitter.
Neuromast mantle cell is a non-sensory cell. Neuromast mantle cells surround the neuromast support cells and neuromast hair cells, separating the neuromast from the epidermis, and secrete cupula in which the ciliary bundles of all the hair cells are embedded.
Neuromast support cell is a non-sensory cell of the neuromast that extend between the sensory hair cells from the basement membrane to the apical surface; neuromast support cells are surrounded by neuromast mantle cells.
Hair cell is a mechanoreceptor cell that is sensitive to movement of the hair-like projections (stereocilia and kinocilia) which relay the information centrally in the nervous system.
Neuromast hair cell is a hair cell that acts as a sensory receptor of the neuromast; it is morphologically polarized as a result of the relative position of the single kinocilium and the clusters of stereocilia on its apical surface.
A skeletal muscle myoblast that differentiates into slow muscle fibers.
A monocyte that responds rapidly to microbial stimuli by secreting cytokines and antimicrobial factors and which is characterized by high expression of CCR2 in both rodents and humans, negative for the lineage markers CD3, CD19, and CD20, and of larger size than non-classical monocytes.
A macrophage which develops from an inflammatory monocyte and is recruited into the tissues in response to injury and infection as part of an inflammatory response. Markers include CD11b-positive, CD68-positive, and F4/80-positive.
A macrophage that suppresses immune responses.
An elicited macrophage that is recruited into the tissues in response to injury and infection as part of an inflammatory response, expresses high levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines, ROS and NO, and shows potent microbicidal activity.
A macrophage constitutively resident in a particular tissue under non-inflammatory conditions, and capable of phagocytosing a variety of extracellular particulate material, including immune complexes, microorganisms, and dead cells.
A tissue-resident macrophage resident found in the thymus, involved in the clearance of apoptotic thymocytes.
A type of monocyte characterized by low expression of CCR2, low responsiveness to monocyte chemoattractant CCL2/MCP1, low phagocytic activity, and decrease size relative to classical monocytes, but increased co-stimulatory activity. May also play a role in tissue repair.
A tissue-resident macrophage found in the central nervous system.
An immature myeloid leukocyte of heterogeneous phenotype found particularly in cancer and sepsis patients that is capable of suppressing activity of T cells in ex vivo assays. This cell type is CD45-positive, CD11b-positive.
A type of cell containing lipids in small vacuoles and typically seen in atherolosclerotic lesions, as well as other conditions.
A type of foam cell derived from a smooth muscle cell containing lipids in small vacuoles and typically seen in atherolosclerotic lesions, as well as other conditions.
An immature T cell located in the thymus.
A pro-T cell that has the phenotype CD4-negative, CD8-negative, CD44-positive, and CD25-negative.
An antigen inexperienced CD4-positive, alpha-beta T cell with the phenotype CCR7-positive, CD127-positive and CD62L-positive. This cell type develops in the thymus. This cell type is also described as being CD25-negative, CD62L-high, and CD44-low.
naive thymus-derived CD4-positive, alpha-beta T lymphocyte
naive thymus-derived CD4-positive, alpha-beta T-cell
naive thymus-derived CD4-positive, alpha-beta T-lymphocyte
naive thymus-derived CD4-positive, alpha-beta T cell
A recently activated CD4-positive, alpha-beta T cell with the phenotype CD69-positive, CD62L-negative, CD127-negative, and CD25-positive.
activated CD4-positive, alpha-beta T lymphocyte
activated CD4-positive, alpha-beta T-cell
activated CD4-positive, alpha-beta T-lymphocyte
activated CD4-positive, alpha-beta T cell
A CD4-positive, alpha-beta T cell that has differentiated into a memory T cell.
CD4-positive, alpha-beta memory T lymphocyte
CD4-positive, alpha-beta memory T-lymphocyte
Mature T cell not yet exposed to antigen with the phenotype CCR7-positive, CD45RA-positive, and CD127-positive. This cell type is also described as being CD25-negative, CD62L-high and CD44-low.
CD4-positive, alpha-beta T cell with the phenotype RORgamma-t-positive, CXCR3-negative, CCR6-positive, and capable of producing IL-17.
A CD8-positive, alpha-beta T cell that has not experienced activation via antigen contact and has the phenotype CD45RA-positive, CCR7-positive and CD127-positive. This cell type is also described as being CD25-negative, CD62L-high and CD44-low.
naive thymus-dervied CD8-positive, alpha-beta T lymphocyte
naive thymus-dervied CD8-positive, alpha-beta T-cell
naive thymus-dervied CD8-positive, alpha-beta T-lymphocyte
naive thymus-derived CD8-positive, alpha-beta T cell
CD4-positive alpha-beta T cell with regulatory function that produces IL-10.
A CD8-positive, alpha-beta T cell with the phenotype CD69-positive, CD62L-negative, CD127-negative, CD25-positive, and CCR7-negative.
activated CD8-positive, alpha-beta T lymphocyte
activated CD8-positive, alpha-beta T-cell
activated CD8-positive, alpha-beta T-lymphocyte
activated CD8-positive, alpha-beta T cell
A CD8-positive, alpha-beta T cell with the phenotype CD69-positive, CD62L-negative, CD127-negative, and CD25-positive, that secretes cytokines.
CD8-positive, alpha-beta cytokine secreting effector T lymphocyte
CD8-positive, alpha-beta cytokine secreting effector T-cell
CD8-positive, alpha-beta cytokine secreting effector T-lymphocyte
CD8-positive, alpha-beta cytokine secreting effector T cell
A CD8-positive, alpha-beta T cell that has differentiated into a memory T cell.
CD8-positive, alpha-beta memory T lymphocyte
CD8-positive, alpha-beta memory T-lymphocyte
A mature T cell that differentiated and acquired cytotoxic function with the phenotype perforin-positive and granzyme-B positive.
A differentiated T cell with ability to traffic to peripheral tissues and is capable of mounting a specific immune response.
A effector T cell that provides help in the form of secreted cytokines to other immune cells.
An immature alpha-beta T-cell that express Egr2. These cells give rise to T cells expressing NK markers.
An alpha-beta intraepithelial T cell with the phenotype CD8-alpha-alpha-positive located in the columnar epithelium of the gastrointestinal tract. These cells have a memory phenotype of CD2-negative and CD5-negative.
CD8-alpha-alpha-positive, alpha-beta intraepithelial T lymphocyte
CD8-alpha-alpha-positive, alpha-beta intraepithelial T-cell
CD8-alpha-alpha-positive, alpha-beta intraepithelial T-lymphocyte
CD8-alpha-alpha-positive, alpha-beta intraepithelial T cell
A mature gamma-delta T cell located in the epidermis that regulates wound healing.
A CD8-positive, alpha-beta positive T cell expressing GATA-3 and secreting IL-4.
An alpha-beta T cell expressing NK cell markers that is CD1d restricted and expresses specific V-alpha chains. NK T cells of this type recognize the glycolipid alpha-galactosylceramide in the context of CD1d.
An alpha-beta T cell expressing NK call markers that is CD1d restricted and expresses a diverse TCR repertoire. Type II NKT cells do not become activated by alpha-galactosylceramide when presented by CD1d.
A type I NK T cell that has the phenotype CD4-positive.
A type I NK T cell that has the phenotype CD4-negative and CD8-negative.
CD4-negative, CD8-negative type I NK T lymphocyte
CD4-negative, CD8-negative type I NK T-cell
CD4-negative, CD8-negative type I NK T-lymphocyte
CD4-negative, CD8-negative type I NKT cell
CD4-negative, CD8-negative type I NK T cell
A type I NK T cell that has been recently activated, secretes interferon-gamma and IL-4, and has the phenotype CD4-positive, CD69-positive, and downregulated NK markers.
activated CD4-positive type I NK T lymphocyte
activated CD4-positive type I NK T-lymphocyte
A mature NK T cell that secretes interferon-gamma and enhances type 1 immune responses.
CD4-positive type I NK T cell secreting IFN-gamma
CD4-positive type I NK T lymphocyte secreting interferon-gamma
CD4-positive type I NK T-cell secreting interferon-gamma
CD4-positive type I NK T-lymphocyte secreting interferon-gamma
CD4-positive type I NKT cell secreting interferon-gamma
CD4-positive type I NK T cell secreting interferon-gamma
A mature NK T cell that predominantly secretes type 2 cytokines such as interleukin-4 and interleukin-13 and enhances type 2 immune responses.
CD4-positive type I NK T cell secreting IL-4
CD4-positive type I NK T lymphocyte secreting interleukin-4
CD4-positive type I NK T-cell secreting interleukin-4
CD4-positive type I NK T-lymphocyte secreting interleukin-4
CD4-positive type I NKT cell secreting interleukin-4
CD4-positive type I NK T cell secreting interleukin-4
A type I NK T cell that has been recently activated, secretes interferon-gamma and interleukin-4, and has phenotype CD4-negative, CD8-negative, CD69-positive, and downregulated NK markers.
activated CD4-negative, CD8-negative type I NK T lymphocyte
activated CD4-negative, CD8-negative type I NK T-cell
activated CD4-negative, CD8-negative type I NK T-lymphocyte
activated CD4-negative, CD8-negative type I NKT cell
activated CD4-negative, CD8-negative type I NK T cell
A mature NK T cell that secretes interferon-gamma and enhances Th1 immune responses.
CD4-negative, CD8-negative type I NK T cell secreting IFN-gamma
CD4-negative, CD8-negative type I NK T lymphocyte secreting interferon-gamma
CD4-negative, CD8-negative type I NK T-cell secreting interferon-gamma
CD4-negative, CD8-negative type I NK T-lymphocyte secreting interferon-gamma
CD4-negative, CD8-negative type I NKT cell secreting interferon-gamma
CD4-negative, CD8-negative type I NK T cell secreting interferon-gamma
A mature NK T cell that secretes interleukin-4 and enhances Th2 immune responses.
CD4-negative, CD8-negative type I NK T cell secreting IL-4
CD4-negative, CD8-negative type I NK T lymphocyte secreting interleukin-4
CD4-negative, CD8-negative type I NK T-cell secreting interleukin-4
CD4-negative, CD8-negative type I NK T-lymphocyte secreting interleukin-4
CD4-negative, CD8-negative type I NKT cell secreting interleukin-4
CD4-negative, CD8-negative type I NK T cell secreting interleukin-4
A type II NK T cell that has been recently activated, secretes interferon-gamma and interleukin-4, and has the phenotype CD69-positive and downregulated NK markers.
A type II NK T cell that has been recently activated, secretes interferon-gamma, and has the phenotype CD69-positive and downregulated NK markers.
type II NK T lymphocyte secreting interferon-gamma
type II NK T-cell secreting interferon-gamma
type II NK T-lymphocyte secreting interferon-gamma
type II NKT cell secreting interferon-gamma
type II NK T cell secreting interferon-gamma
A type II NK T cell that has been recently activated, secretes interleukin-4, and has the phenotype CD69-positive and downregulated NK markers.
type II NK T lymphocyte secreting interleukin-4
type II NK T-cell secreting interleukin-4
type II NK T-lymphocyte secreting interleukin-4
type II NKT cell secreting interleukin-4
type II NK T cell secreting interleukin-4
A CD4-positive, alpha-beta T cell that has cytotoxic function.
CD4-positive, alpha-beta cytotoxic T lymphocyte
CD4-positive, alpha-beta cytotoxic T-cell
CD4-positive, alpha-beta cytotoxic T-lymphocyte
CD4-positive, alpha-beta cytotoxic T cell
A lymphoid progenitor cell that is found in bone marrow, gives rise to B cells, T cells, natural killer cells and dendritic cells, and has the phenotype Lin-negative, Kit-positive, Sca-1-positive, FLT3-positive, CD34-positive, CD150 negative, and GlyA-negative.
Cell committed to natural killer cell lineage that has the phenotype CD122-positive, CD34-positive, and CD117-positive. This cell type lacks expression of natural killer receptor proteins.
An alpha-beta T cell that is found in the lamina propria of mucosal tissues and is restricted by the MR-1 molecule.
A dendritic cell arising in thymus that has the phenotype CD11c-positive, CD11b-negative, and CD45RA-negative.
A plasmacytoid dendritic cell developing in the thymus with phenotype CD11c-negative or low, CD45RA-positive, CD11b-negative, and CD123-positive.
A Be cell that facilitates development of T-helper 1 (Th1) phenotype in CD4-positive T cells, and secretes high levels of interleukin-2, tumor necrosis factor-alpha and interferon-gamma.
A Be cell that facilitates development of T-helper 2 (Th2) phenotype T cells, and secretes high levels of interleukin-2, interleukin-10, interleukin-4, and interleukin-6.
A lymphocyte of B lineage with the commitment to express an immunoglobulin complex.
A lymphocyte of B lineage that is devoted to secreting large amounts of immunoglobulin.
A long lived plasma cell that secretes IgE.
A class switched memory B cell that expresses IgE on the cell surface.
A plasmablast that secretes IgD, and which occur in a small proportion of B cells in the adult.
A short lived plasma cell that secretes IgE.
An preBRC-positive large pre-B-II cell is a large pre-B-II cell that is pre-B cell receptor-positive, composed of surrogate light chain protein (SL), which is composed of VpreB , Lambda 5/14.1, in complex with immunoglobulin mu heavy chain (IgHmu) on the cell surface.
A pre-BCR-negative large pre-B-II cell is a large pre-B-II cell that is pre-B cell receptor-negative, composed of surrogate light chain protein (SL), which is composed of VpreB and Lambda 5/14.1, in complex with immunoglobulin mu heavy chain (IgHmu), on the cell surface, and lack a DNA rearrangement of immunoglobulin light chain genes.
A small pre-B-II cell is a pre-B-II cell that is Rag1-positive, Rag2-positive, pre-BCR-negative, and BCR-negative, is not proliferating, and carries a DNA rearrangement of one or more immunoglobulin light chain genes.
A pre-B-II cell is a precursor B cell that expresses immunoglobulin mu heavy chain (IgHmu+), and lack expression of CD34, TdT, immunoglobulin kappa light chain and immunoglobulin lambda light chain.
A pre-B-I cell is a precursor B cell that expresses CD34 and surrogate immunoglobulin light chain (VpreB , Lambda 5 (mouse)/14.1 (human)) on the cell surface, and TdT, Rag1,and Rag2 intracellularly. Cell type carries a D-JH DNA rearrangement, and lacks expression of immunglobulin heavy chain protein.
A large pre-B-II cell is a pre-B-II cell that is proliferating and is Rag1-negative and Rag2-negative.
A transitional stage B cell that migrates from the bone marrow into the peripheral circulation, and finally to the spleen. This cell type has the phenotype surface IgM-positive, surface IgD-negative, CD21-negative, CD23-negative, and CD62L-negative, and CD93-positive. This cell type has also been described as IgM-high, CD19-positive, B220-positive, AA4-positive, and CD23-negative.
A transitional stage B cell that has the phenotype surface IgM-positive, surface IgD-postive, CD21-positive, CD23-positive, CD62L-negative, CD93-positive and is located in the splenic B follicles. This cell type has also been described as IgM-high, CD19-positive, B220-positive, AA4-positive, and CD23-positive.
A transitional stage B cell that expresses surface IgM and IgD, and CD62L. This cell type appears to be an anergic B cell that does not proliferate upon BCR signaling, is found in the spleen and lymph nodes, and has the phenotype surface IgM-positive, surface IgD-positive, CD21-positive, CD23-positive, CD62L-positive, and CD93-positive. This cell type has also been described as IgM-low, CD19-positive, B220-positive, AA4-positive, and CD23-positive (i.e. this cell-type is distinguished from T2 cells by surface expression of IgM).
A follicular B cell that is IgD-positive, CD23-negative, and CD38-negative. This naive cell type is activated in the extrafollicular areas through interaction with interdigitating dendritic cells and antigen-specific CD4-positive T cells.
A follicular B cell that is IgD-positive and CD23-positive and CD38-positive. This naive cell type is activated in the extrafollicular areas via interaction with dendritic cells and antigen specific T cells.
A germinal center B cell that develops from a Bm3 B cell. This cell has the phenotype IgM-negative, IgD-positive, and CD38-positive.
A germinal center B cell that founds a germinal center, and has the phenotype IgD-positive, CD38-positive, and CD23-negative.
A germinal center B cell that is rapidly dividing and has the phenotype IgD-negative, CD38-positive, and CD77-positive. Somatic hypermutation of the immunoglobulin V gene region can occur during proliferation of this cell type.
A germinal center B cell that has the phenotype CD77-negative, IgD-negative, and CD38-positive. These cells have undergone somatic mutation of the B cell receptor.
A memory B cell arising in the germinal center that is IgD-negative and has undergone somatic mutation of the variable region of the immunoglobulin heavy and light chain genes.
A mature B cell that produces cytokines that can influence CD4 T cell differentiation.
An unswitched memory B cell is a memory B cell that has the phenotype IgM-positive, IgD-positive, CD27-positive, CD138-negative, IgG-negative, IgE-negative, and IgA-negative.
An IgM memory B cell is an unswitched memory B cell with the phenotype IgM-positive and IgD-negative.
A class switched memory B cell is a memory B cell that has undergone Ig class switching and therefore is IgM-negative on the cell surface. These cells are CD27-positive and have either IgG, IgE, or IgA on the cell surface.
A class switched memory B cell that expresses IgA.
A fully differentiated plasma cell that lives for years, as opposed to months, secretes immunoglobulin, and has the phenotype weakly CD19-positive, CD20-negative, CD38-negative, strongly CD138-positive, MHC Class II-negative, surface immunoglobulin-negative, IgD-negative, and strongly CXCR4-positive. The majority of these cells of this type reside in the bone marrow.
A fully differentiated plasma cell that lives for months.
A short lived plasma cell that secretes IgA. These cells may be found in the bone marrow as well as in the mucosal immune system.
A short lived plasma cell that secretes IgG.
A short lived plasma cell that secretes IgM.
An IgG memory B cell is a class switched memory B cell that is class switched and expresses IgG on the cell surface.
An activated mature (naive or memory) B cell that is secreting immunoglobulin, typified by being CD27-positive, CD38-positive, CD138-negative.
CD27-positive, CD38-positive, CD20-negative B cell
A memory B cell with the phenotype IgD-negative and CD27-negative.
A fully differentiated plasma cell that secretes IgG.
A fully differentiated plasma cell that secretes IgM.
A fully differentiated plasma cell that secretes IgA.
CD11c-low plasmacytoid dendritic cell is a leukocyte that is CD11c-low, CD45R-positive, GR1-positive and CD11b-negative.
Conventional dendritic cell is a dendritic cell that is CD11c-high.
Immature CD11c-low plasmacytoid dendritic cell is a CD11c-low plasmacytoid dendritic cell that is CD80-low and CD86-low.
immature CD11c-low plasmacytoid dendritic cell
Mature CD11c-low plasmacytoid dendritic cell is a CD11c-low plasmacytoid dendritic cell that is CD83-high and is CD80-positive, CD86-positive, and MHCII-positive.
mature CD11c-low plasmacytoid dendritic cell
CD71-positive common myeloid precursor OR CD7-negative lymphoid precursor OR CD7-positive lymphoid
CD34-positive, CD38-positive common myeloid progenitor OR CD34-positive, CD38-positive common lymphoid progenitor
A hematopoietic stem cell that has plasma membrane part Kit-positive, SCA-1-positive, CD150-positive and CD34-negative.
Kit and Sca1-positive hematopoietic stem cell
CD7-negative lymphoid progenitor OR granulocyte monocyte progenitor
CD115-positive monocyte OR common dendritic progenitor
A common lymphoid progenitor that is CD10-positive, CD45RA-positive, CD34-positive and CD38-positive.
CD10-positive common lymphocyte precursor
CD10-positive common lymphocyte progenitor
CD34-positive, CD38-positive common lymphoid progenitor
CD115-positive monocyte is a monocyte that is CD115-positive and CD11b-positive.
A common myeloid progenitor that is Kit-positive and CD34-positive, Il7ra-negative, and is SCA1-low and Fcgr2-low and Fcgr3-low.
Kit-positive, CD34-positive common myeloid progenitor
CD133-positive hematopoietic stem cell is a hematopoietic stem cell that is CD34-positive, CD90-positive, and CD133-positive.
CD34-positive, CD38-negative hematopoietic stem cell
A common lymphoid progenitor that is Kit-low, FLT3-positive, IL7ralpha-positive, and SCA1-low.
CD217-positive common lymphocyte precursor
CD217-positive common lymphocyte progenitor
CD217-positive common lymphoid precursor
Kit-positive, Sca1-positive common lymphoid progenitor
A common myeloid progenitor that is CD34-positive, CD38-positive, IL3ra-low, CD10-negative, CD7-negative, CD45RA-negative, and IL-5Ralpha-negative.
CD34-positive, CD38-positive common myeloid progenitor
CD7-negative lymphoid progenitor cell is a lymphoid progenitor cell that is CD34-positive, CD7-negative and CD45RA-negative.
CD7-positive lymphoid progenitor cell is a lymphoid progenitor cell that is CD34-positive, CD7-positive and is CD45RA-negative.
Common dendritic precursor is a hematopoietic progenitor cell that is CD117-low, CD135-positive, CD115-positive and lacks plasma membrane parts for hematopoietic lineage markers.
CD117-positive common myeloid progenitor OR CD217-positive common lymphoid progenitor
An excitatory granule cell with a soma located in the granular layer of cerebellar cortex. A mature cerebellar granule cell has short dendrites with a characteristic claw-like appearance and a long axon that ascends to the molecular layer where it bifurcates (except in non-teleost fish, where it does not bifurcate) and extends mediolaterally to form parallel fibers.
Granule cell that is part of the cerebral cortex.
Granule cell with a soma found in the hippocampus.
A CD8-positive alpha-beta-positive T cell with the phenotype CXCR3-positive and having suppressor function. They are capable of producing IL-10, suppressing proliferation, and suppressing IFN-gamma production.
CD8-positive, CXCR3-positive, alpha-beta regulatory T lymphocyte
CD8-positive, CXCR3-positive, alpha-beta regulatory T-cell
CD8-positive, CXCR3-positive, alpha-beta regulatory T-lymphocyte
CD8-positive, CXCR3-positive, alpha-beta regulatory T cell
CD4-positive, alpha-beta T cell that produces IL-22.
A CD4-positive, alpha-beta T cell with the phenotype CCR7-negative, CD45RA-positive.
effector CD4-positive, alpha-beta T lymphocyte
effector CD4-positive, alpha-beta T-cell
effector CD4-positive, alpha-beta T-lymphocyte
effector CD4-positive, alpha-beta T cell
A CD8-positive, alpha-beta T cell with the phenotype CCR7-negative, CD45RA-positive.
effector CD8-positive, alpha-beta T lymphocyte
effector CD8-positive, alpha-beta T-cell
effector CD8-positive, alpha-beta T-lymphocyte
effector CD8-positive, alpha-beta T cell
A CD4-positive, alpha-beta T cell that has the phenotype CXCR3-negative, CCR6-negative.
CD4-positive, CXCR3-negative, CCR6-negative, alpha-beta T lymphocyte
CD4-positive, CXCR3-negative, CCR6-negative, alpha-beta T-cell
CD4-positive, CXCR3-negative, CCR6-negative, alpha-beta T-lymphocyte
CD4-positive, CXCR3-negative, CCR6-negative, alpha-beta T cell
A CD8-positive, alpha-beta T cell that has the phenotype CXCR3-negative, CCR6-negative.
CD8-positive, CXCR3-negative, CCR6-negative, alpha-beta T lymphocyte
CD8-positive, CXCR3-negative, CCR6-negative, alpha-beta T-cell
CD8-positive, CXCR3-negative, CCR6-negative, alpha-beta T-lymphocyte
CD8-positive, CXCR3-negative, CCR6-negative, alpha-beta T cell
A memory B cell that lacks expression of surface IgD.
A monocyte that expresses CD14 and is negative for the lineage markers CD3, CD19, and CD20.
An intermediate monocyte that is CD14-positive and with low amounts of CD16.
A progenitor cell committed to myeloid lineage, including the megakaryocyte and erythroid lineages. These cells are CD34-positive, and express Gata1, Gata2, C/EBPa, and Pu.1.
common myeloid progenitor, CD34-positive
A hematopoietic oligopotent progenitor cell that has the ability to differentiate into limited cell types but lacks lineage cell markers and self renewal capabilities. Cell lacks hematopoeitic lineage markers.
hematopoietic oligopotent progenitor cell, lineage-negative
A lymphocyte that lacks characteristic T cell, B cell, myeloid cell, and dendritic cell markers, that functions as part of the innate immune response to produce cytokines and other effector responses.
A progenitor cell committed to the erythroid lineage. This cell is ter119-positive but lacks expression of other hematopoietic lineage markers (lin-negative).
An innate lymphoid cell that is capable of producing the type 1 cytokine IFN-gamma, but not Th2 or Th17 cell-associated cytokines.
An innate lymphoid cell that is capable of producing T-helper 2-cell associated cytokines upon stimulation.
An innate lymphoid cell that constituitively expresses RORgt and is capable of expressing IL17A and/or IL-22.
An innate lyphoid cell with an immature phenotype.
A lymphocyte of B lineage that is CD19-positive.
CD86-positive, CD20-negative plasmablast
visual pigment cell (sensu Nematoda and Protostomia)
An erythroid progenitor cell is Kit-positive, Ly6A-negative, CD41-negative, CD127-negative, and CD123-negative. This cell type is also described as being lin-negative, Kit-positive, CD150-negative, CD41-negative, CD105-positive, and FcgR-negative.
c- Kit-positive erythroid progenitor cell
A granulocyte monocyte progenitor is CD34-positive, CD38-positive, IL-3receptor-alpha-positive and is CD45RA-negative.
CD34-positive, CD38-positive granulocyte monocyte progenitor
A granulocyte monocyte progenitor that is Kit-positive, CD34-positive, Fc-gamma receptor II/II-positive, and is Sca-1-negative, Il7ra-negative, Cxc3r1-negative, and CD90-negative.
Kit-positive granulocyte monocyte progenitor
An erythroid progenitor cell that is CD34-positive and is GlyA-negative.
CD34-positive, GlyA-negative erythroid progenitor cell
A proerythoblast that is CD34-negative and GlyA-negative.
CD34-negative, GlyA-negative proerythroblast
A megakaryocyte erythroid progenitor cell is CD34-positive, CD38-positive and is IL3-receptor alpha-negative and CD45RA-negative.
CD34-positive, CD38-positive megakaryocyte erythroid progenitor cell
A megakaryocyte erythroid progenitor cell that is Kit-positive and is Sca1-negative, CD34-negative, CD90-negative, IL7r-alpha-negative and Fcgr II/III-low.
Kit-positive, CD34-negative megakaryocyte erythroid progenitor cell
A lineage marker-negative, CD34-positive, IL5r-alpha-positive, and Sca1-negative eosinophil progenitor cell.
Kit-low, CD34-positive eosinophil progenitor cell
A lineage marker-negative, CD34-positive, CD38-positive, IL3r-alpha-positive, IL5r-alpha-positive, and CD45RA-negative eosinophil progenitor cell.
CD34-positive, CD38-positive eosinophil progenitor cell
A progenitor cell that can give rise to plasmacytoid and myeloid dendritic cells, and to monocytes and macrophages.
A lin-negative, MHC-II-negative, CD11c-positive, FLT3-positive cell with intermediate expression of SIRP-alpha.
A progenitor cell that can give rise to plasmacytoid and myeloid dendritic cells, and to monocytes and macrophages. Marker for this cell is Kit-high, CD115-positive, CD135-positive, Cx3cr1-positive, and is Il7ra-negative.
Kit-positive macrophage dendritic cell progenitor
A proerythoblast that is Kit-low, Lyg76-positive, and CD71-positive.
A basophilic erythroblast that is GlyA-positive.
A basophilic erythroblast that is Lyg 76-high and is Kit-negative.
Kit-negative, Ly-76 high basophilic erythroblast
A polychromatophilic erythroblast that is Lyg 76-high and is Kit-negative.
late basophilic and polychromatophilic erythroblast
Kit-negative, Ly-76 high polychromatophilic erythroblast
A polychromatiic erythroblast that is Gly-A-positive and CD71-low.
CD71-low, GlyA-positive polychromatic erythroblast
An orthochromatophilic erythroblast that is ter119-high, CD71-low, and Kit-negative.
Kit-negative, Ly-76 high orthochromatophilic erythroblasts
An erythroblast that is GlyA-positive and CD71-negative.
CD71-negative, GlyA-positive orthochromatic erythroblast
A reticulocyte that is Ly76-high and is Kit-negative.
An enucleate erythrocyte that is GlyA-positive.
An enucleate erythrocyte that is Lyg-76-high.
A megakaryocyte progenitor cell that is Kit-positive, CD41-positive, CD9-positive, Sca-1-negative, IL7ralpha-negative, CD150-negative, and Fcgamma receptor II/III-low.
Kit-positive megakaryocyte progenitor cell
A megakaryocyte cell with is CD9-positive and CD41-positive.
CD9-positive, CD41-positive megakaryocyte cell
A cell type that can give rise to basophil and mast cells. This cell is CD34-positive, CD117-positive, CD125-positive, FceRIa-negative, and T1/ST2-negative, and expresses Gata-1, Gata-2, C/EBPa
A lineage-negative, Kit-positive, CD45-positive mast cell progenitor that is Fc-epsilon RIalpha-low.
Fc-epsilon RIalpha-low mast cell progenitor
A lineage negative, Sca1-negative basophil progenitor cell that is Fc epsilon RIalpha-high.
Fc-epsilon RIalpha-high basophil progenitor cell
A hematopoietic progenitor cell that is capable of developing into only one lineage of hematopoietic cells.
hematopoietic lineage restricted progenitor cell
A hematopoietic oligopotent progenitor cell that has the ability to differentiate into limited cell types but lacks lineage cell markers and self renewal capabilities.
hematopoietic oligopotent progenitor cell
A hematopoietic stem cell capable of rapid replenishment of myeloerythroid progenitors and limited self renewal capability. This cell is Kit-positive, Sca1-positive, CD34-positive, CD150-positive, and is Flt3-negative.
A hematopoietic stem cell with long term self renewal capability. This cell is Kit-positive, Sca1-positive, CD150-positive, CD90-low, CD34-negative and Flt3-negative.
A hematopoietic progenitor that has restricted self-renewal capability. Cell is Kit-positive, Ly6-positive, CD150-negative and Flt3-negative.
Slamf1-negative multipotent progenitor cell
A hematopoietic progenitor that has some limited self-renewal capability. Cells are lin-negative, Kit-positive, CD34-positive, and Slamf1-positive.
Slamf1-positive multipotent progenitor cell
Intraepithelial T cells with a memory phenotype of CD2-positive, CD5-positive, and CD44-positive.
CD2-positive, CD5-positive, CD44-positive alpha-beta intraepithelial T cell
A CD4-positive, CXCR5-positive, CCR7-negative alpha-beta T cell located in follicles of secondary lymph nodes that is BCL6-high, ICOS-high and PD1-high, and stimulates follicular B cells to undergo class-switching and antibody production.
A CD24-high, CD4-low, CD8-low, CD44-negative, NK1.1-negative NK T cell.
A CD24-low, CD44-negative, NK1.1-negative NK T cell.
A CD24-low, CD44-positive, DX5-low, NK1.1-negative NK T cell.
A CD24-low, CD44-positive, DX5-high, NK1.1-negative NK T cell.
A hematopoietic multipotent progenitor cell that is CD34-positive, CD38-negative, CD45RA-negative, and CD90-negative.
CD34-positive, CD38-negative multipotent progenitor cell
A basophil mast progenitor cell that is Beta-7 integrin-high, Kit-positive FcRgammaII/III-positive and Sca1-negative.
Kit-positive, integrin beta7-high basophil mast progenitor cell
A pro-B cell that is CD45R/B220-positive, CD43-positive, HSA-low, BP-1-negative and Ly6c-negative. This cell type is also described as being lin-negative, AA4-positive, Kit-positive, IL7Ra-positive and CD45R-positive.
A precursor B cell that is CD45RA-positive, CD43-positive, CD24-positive and BP-1-negative.
A precursor B cell that is CD45R-positive, CD43-positive, CD24-positive, and BP-positive. Intracellularly expression of surrogate light chain, Rag1 and Rag2, TdT, occurs while there is no expression of mu heavy chain.
A pre-BCR-positive precursor B cell that is CD24-high, CD25-positive, CD43-positive, CD45R-positive and BP-positive.
A pre-B cell that is pre-BCR-negative, and the kappa- and lambda- light immunoglobulin light chain-negative, CD43-low, and is BP-1-positive, CD45R-positive and CD25-positive. This cell type is also described as being AA4-positive, IgM-negative, CD19-positive, CD43-low/negative, and HSA-positive.
An immature B cell that is IgM-positive, CD45R-positive, CD43-low, CD25-negative, and CD127-negative. This cell type has also been described as being AA4-positive, IgM-positive, CD19-positive, CD43-low/negative, and HSA-positive.
A mature B cell subset originally defined as having being CD45R-positive, IgM-positive, IgD-positive and CD43-negative. Subsequent research demonstrated being CD21-positive and CD23-negative and CD93 negative.
A resident monocyte that is Gr-1 low, CD43-positive, and CX3CR1-positive.
A conventional thymic dendritic cell that is CD8alpha-positive.
CD8alpha-alpha-positive thymic conventional dendritic cell
CD8alpha-positive thymic conventional dendritic cell
A squamous pulmonary alveolar epithelial cell that is flattened and branched. A pulmonary alveolar type 1 cell covers more than 98% of the alveolar surface. This large cell has thin (50-100 nm) cytoplasmic extensions to form the air-blood barrier essential for normal gas exchange.
A pulmonary alveolar epithelial cell that modulates the fluid surrounding the alveolar epithelium by secreting and recycling surfactants. This cell type also contributes to tissue repair and can differentiate after injury into a pulmonary alveolar type 1 cell. This cuboidal cell is thicker than squamous alveolar cells, have a rounded apical surface that projects above the level of surrounding epithelium. The free surface is covered by short microvilli.
An enteroendocrine cell that produces glucagon.
Specialized cardiac myocyte that is subendocardially interspersed with the regular cardiac muscle cell. They are uninucleate cylindrical cells, associated end-to-end in long rows, continue from the node to the atrioventricular bundle; relatively short compared to ordinary myocytes but are nearly twice their diameter.
Columnar cell which populate the epithelium of large intestine and absorb water. This cell is the most numerous of the epithelial cell types in the large intestine; bear apical microvilli, contain secretory granules in their apical cytoplasm; secretion appears to be largely mucins, but is also rich in antibodies of the IgA type.
enterocyte of epithelium of large intestine
A specialized cardiac myocyte in the sinoatrial and atrioventricular nodes. The cell is slender and fusiform confined to the nodal center, circumferentially arranged around the nodal artery.
An epithelial cell derived from endoderm.
An epithelial cell derived from ectoderm.
Epithelial cell derived from mesoderm or mesenchyme.
Specialized elongated ventricular ependymal cell that has processes that extend to the outer, or pial, surface of the CNS. Resemble spongioblasts seen in developing brain. Found in the adult brain in the third ventricle, cerebral aqueduct, spinal canal and floor of the fourth ventricle.
A cardiac myocyte that is an excitable cells in the myocardium, specifically in the conducting system of heart.
This is a cell found in the gastrointestinal tract of mammals and serves as a pacemaker that triggers gut contraction. ICCs mediate inputs from the enteric nervous system to smooth muscle cells and are thought to be the cells from which gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs) arise.
A cell found in the bone marrow. This can include fibroblasts, macrophages, adipocytes, osteoblasts, osteoclasts, endothelial cells and hematopoietic cells.
A cell of the adrenal cortex. Cell types include those that synthesize and secrete chemical derivatives (steroids) of cholesterol.
A cardiac myocyte that is connected to other cardiac myocytes by transverse intercalated discs (GO:0014704) at a regular interval.
A CD38-positive naive B cell is a mature B cell that has the phenotype CD38-positive, surface IgD-positive, surface IgM-positive, and CD27-negative, and that has not yet been activated by antigen in the periphery.
A CD38-negative naive B cell is a mature B cell that has the phenotype CD38-negative, surface IgD-positive, surface IgM-positive, and CD27-negative, that has not yet been activated by antigen in the periphery.
An IgG-positive double negative memory B cell is a double negative memory B cell with the phenotype IgG-positive, IgD-negative, and CD27-negative.
IgG+ double negative memory B lymphocyte
IgG+ double negative memory B-lymphocyte
IgG-positive double negative memory B lymphocyte
IgG-positive double negative memory B-cell
IgG-positive double negative memory B-lymphocyte
IgG-positive double negative memory B cell
An IgG-negative double negative memory B cell is a double negative memory B cell with the phenotype IgG-negative, IgD-negative, and CD27-negative.
IgG- double negative memory B lymphocyte
IgG- double negative memory B-lymphocyte
IgG-negative double negative memory B lymphocyte
IgG-negative double negative memory B-cell
IgG-negative double negative memory B-lymphocyte
IgG-negative double negative memory B cell
A CD38-positive IgG memory B cell is a class switched memory B cell that expresses IgG on the cell surface with the phenotype CD38-positive and IgG-positive.
An IgD-positive CD38-positive IgG memory B cell is a CD38-positive IgG-positive class switched memory B cell that has class switched and expresses IgD on the cell surface with the phenotype IgD-positive, CD38-positive, and IgG-positive.
IgD-positive CD38-positive IgG memory B cell
An IgD-negative CD38-positive IgG memory B cell is a CD38-positive IgG-positive that has class switched and lacks expression of IgD on the cell surface with the phenotype IgD-negative, CD38-positive, and IgG-positive.
IgD-negative CD38-positive IgG memory B cell
A CD38-negative IgG memory B cell is a IgG-positive class switched memory B cell that has class switched and expresses IgG on the cell surface with the phenotype CD38-negative, IgD-negative, and IgG-positive.
A B220-positive CD38-positive naive B cell is a CD38-positive naive B cell that has the phenotype B220-positive, CD38-positive, surface IgD-positive, surface IgM-positive, and CD27-negative, and that has not yet been activated by antigen in the periphery.
B220-positive CD38-positive naive B lymphocyte
B220-positive CD38-positive naive B-cell
B220-positive CD38-positive naive B-lymphocyte
B220-positive CD38-positive naive B cell
A B220-low CD38-positive naive B cell is a CD38-positive naive B cell that has the phenotype B220-low, CD38-positive, surface IgD-positive, surface IgM-positive, and CD27-negative, that has not yet been activated by antigen in the periphery.
An CD38-negative unswitched memory B cell is an unswitched memory B cell that has the phenotype CD38-negative, IgD-positive, CD138-negative, and IgG-negative.
CD38-negative unswitched memory B lymphocyte
CD38-negative unswitched memory B-lymphocyte
A B220-positive CD38-negative unswitched memory B cell is a CD38-negative unswitched memory B cell that has the phenotype B220-positive, CD38-negative, IgD-positive, CD138-negative, and IgG-negative.
B220-positive CD38-negative unswitched memory B cell
A B220-low CD38-negative unswitched memory B cell is a CD38-negative unswitched memory B cell that has the phenotype B220-low, CD38-negative, IgD-positive, CD138-negative, and IgG-negative.
B220-low CD38-negative unswitched memory B cell
A CD38-positive unswitched memory B cell is an unswitched memory B cell that has the phenotype CD38-positive, IgD-positive, CD138-negative, and IgG-negative.
CD38-positive unswitched memory B lymphocyte
CD38-positive unswitched memory B-lymphocyte
A B220-positive CD38-positive unswitched memory B cell is a CD38-positive unswitched memory B cell that has the phenotype B220-positive, CD38-positive, IgD-positive, CD138-negative, and IgG-negative.
B220-positive CD38-positive unswitched memory B cell
A B220-low CD38-positive unswitched memory B cell is a CD38-positive unswitched memory B cell that has the phenotype B220-low, CD38-positive, IgD-positive, CD138-negative, and IgG-negative.
B220-low CD38-positive unswitched memory B cell
A class switched memory B cell that lacks IgG on the cell surface.
IgG-negative class switched memory B lymphocyte
IgG-negative class switched memory B-cell
IgG-negative class switched memory B-lymphocyte
IgG-negative class switched memory B cell
A CD38-negative IgG-negative memory B cell is a IgG-negative class switched memory B cell that lacks IgG on the cell surface with the phenotype CD38-negative and IgG-negative.
CD38-negative IgG-negative class switched memory B cell
A CD38-positive IgG-negative memory B cell is an IgG-negative class switched memory B cell that lacks IgG on the cell surface with the phenotype CD38-positive and IgG-negative.
CD38-positive IgG-negative class switched memory B cell
An CD24-positive CD38-negative IgG-negative memory B cell is a CD38-negative IgG-negative class switched memory B cell that lacks IgG on the cell surface with the phenotype CD24-positive, CD38-negative, and IgG-negative.
CD24-positive CD38-negative IgG-negative class switched memory B cell
A CD24-negative CD38-negative IgG-negative memory B cell is a CD38-negative IgG-negative class switched memory B cell that lacks IgG on the cell surface with the phenotype CD24-negative, CD38-negative, and IgG-negative.
CD24-negative CD38-negative IgG-negative class switched memory B cell
A B220-positive CD38-positive IgG-negative memory B cell is a CD38-positive IgG-negative class switched memory B cell that lacks IgG on the cell surface with the phenotype B220-positive, CD38-positive, and IgG-negative.
B220-positive CD38-positive IgG-negative class switched memory B cell
A B220-low CD38-positive IgG-negative memory B cell is a CD38-positive IgG-negative class switched memory B cell that lacks IgG on the cell surface with the phenotype B220-low, CD38-positive, and IgG-positive.
B220-low CD38-positive IgG-negative class switched memory B cell
A circulating gamma-delta T cell that is CD27-positive and capable of producing IFN-gamma.
A circulating gamma-delta T cell that expresses RORgamma(t), is CD27-negative and is capable of IL-17 secretion.
A CD25-positive, CD27-positive immature gamma-delta T cell found in the thymus that has an immature phenotype (i.e. CD24-high, CD25-high, CD62L-high, CD44-high, CD2-low, CD5-low).
CD25-positive, CD27-positive immature gamma-delta T cell
A T cell with a receptor of limited diversity that is capable of immediate effector functions upon stimulation.
Regular cardiac myocyte of a cardiac atrium.
Regular cardiac myocyte of a cardiac ventricle.
regular cardiac muscle cell of ventricle
regular ventricular cardiac muscle fiber
A endothelial cell of a lymphatic vessel. The border of the oak leaf-shaped endothelial cell of initial lymphatics are joined by specialized buttons. The discontinuous feature of buttons distinguishes them from zippers in collecting lymphatics, but both types of junctions are composed of proteins typical of adherens junctions and tight junctions found in the endothelium of blood vessels. Buttons seal the sides of flaps of the oak leaf-shaped endothelial cell, leaving open the tips of flaps as routes for fluid entry without disassembly and reformation of intercellular junctions.
An endothelial cell of the vascular tree, which includes blood vessels and lymphatic vessels.
cubodial endothelial cell of vascular tree
A sebum secreting cell of the skin that secretes sebum into the hair follicles.
A ciliated columnar cell found in the trachea and bronchus. Vary from low to tall columnar; possesses up to 300 cilia at its surface, interspersed with long irregular microvilli with the cilia varying in length from about 6um in the trachea to about 4um in the terminal bronchioles; driving force of the ciliary current in the bronchial tree.
ciliated columnar cell of tracheobronchial tree
The dead keratin-filled squamous cell of the stratum corneum. This cell type lacks a nucleus.
Epithelial cells derived from general body ectoderm and ectoderm placodes.
A specialized cell involved in sensory perception of smell.
An epithelial cell found in the lining of the stomach.
A mucous cell in the epithelium of the stomach.
A basally situated, mitotically active, columnar-shaped keratinocyte attached to the basement membrane.
An endothelial cell found in the glomerulus of the kidney. This cell is flattened, highly fenestrated, and plays a vital role in the formation of glomerular ultrafiltrate.
A cell involved in the formation of a granulocyte.
A eosinophil precursor in the granulocytic series, being a cell intermediate in development between a myelocyte and a band form cell. The nucleus becomes indented where the indentation is smaller than half the distance to the farthest nuclear margin; chromatin becomes coarse and clumped; specific granules predominate while primary granules are rare.
A cell type that is the first of the maturation stages of the granulocytic leukocytes normally found in the bone marrow. Granules are seen in the cytoplasm. The nuclear material of the myelocyte is denser than that of the myeloblast but lacks a definable membrane. The cell is flat and contains increasing numbers of granules as maturation progresses.
A cell involved in the formation of a monocyte (monopoiesis).
A stem cell that can give rise to the cells of the liver. The term usually refers to the self-renewing pool of hepatocyte precursors in the adult liver (differently from 'hepatoblast', often used for fetal precursors of hepatocytes).
An epithelial cell of the tracheobronchial tree.
epithelial cell of tracheobronchial tree
An epithelial cell present in the trachea and bronchi; columnar in shape; generally lack cilia; immature forms of ciliated or secretory cells which have been formed from stem cells.
undifferentiated columnar cell of tracheobronchial tree
A double negative thymocyte that has a T cell receptor consisting of a gamma chain that has as part a Vgamma3 segment, and a delta chain. This cell type is CD4-negative, CD8-negative and CD24-positive. This cell-type is found in the fetal thymus with highest numbers occurring at E17-E18.
immature dendritic epithelial T cell precursor
A cell comprising the transparent, biconvex body separating the posterior chamber and vitreous body, and constituting part of the refracting mechanism of the mammalian eye.
An epithelial cell of the prostatic acinus.
A cell of the basal layer of the epithelium in the prostatic acinus.
basal epithelial cell of prostatic acinus
A fibroblasts found in interstitial spaces in the pulmonary tract. Greater numbers of these cells are found in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis.
An epithelial cell of the musculomembranous digestive tube extending from the mouth to the anus.
An epithelial cell of the large intestine.
An epithelial cell of the small intestine.
An epithelial cell of the parathyroid gland.
A type of enteroendocrine cell found in the stomach that secretes glucagon.
A PP cell located in the islets of the pancreas.
An epithelial cell of the thymus. Epithelial reticular cells are pleomorphic, stellate, non-phagocytic cells which seem to be supportive in function and are held together by desmosomes. They replace the fibroblastoid reticular cells found in other lymphoid organs. Other epithelial cells in the medulla have the ultrastructure of secretory cells. Although different epithelial cells throughout the thymus appear alike by light microscopy their ultrastructure and function varies.
A resident stromal cell located in the synovial membrane and responsible for the production of immune-related cytokines and chemokines. This cell type secretes glycoproteins and hyaluronic acid, has abundant granular endoplasmic reticulum, but contains fewer vacuoles and vesicles.
An epithelial cell of the distal convoluted tubule of the kidney that helps regulate systemic levels of potassium, sodium, calcium, and pH.
An epithelial cell of the proximal tubule of the kidney.
A brush border epithelial cell located in the proximal tubule of the kidney, essential for reabsorbing substances like glucose and amino acids from the glomerular filtrate. These cells also secrete organic ions, playing a crucial role in maintaining kidney homeostasis, including electrolyte and acid-base balance, and excreting metabolic waste.
brush border cell of the proximal tubule
An ecto-epithelial cell of the prostate gland that secretes hormones.
endocrine-paracrine cell of prostate gland
A cell that is part of the nervous system.
A cell of the supporting or framework tissue of the body, arising chiefly from the embryonic mesoderm and including adipose tissue, cartilage, and bone.
A cell of a fetus which is suspended in the amniotic fluid. Amniocytes are considered to arise from several tissues including fetal skin, the fetal urinary tract, umbilical cord, and the inner amniotic surface.
A milk-producing glandular epithelial cell that is part of a mammary gland alveolus and differentiates from a luminal adaptive secretory precursor cell during secretory differentiation (also termed lactogenesis I). Following secretory activation (also termed lactogenesis II), a lactocyte is involved in the synthesis and/or transport of milk constituents including proteins, oligosaccharides, lactose, micronutrients, fat, hormones, immunoglobulins, and cytokines into the lumen of the lactating mammary gland.
lactaction-associated mammary epithelial cell
luminal cell of alveolus of lactiferous gland
A mammary epithelial cell that occurs in the lumen of the ductal and alveoli structure in the breast.
luminal epithelial cell of mammary gland
An epithelial cell of the mammary gland.
An epithelial cell type that lacks the columnar shape typical for other respiratory epithelial cells. This cell type is able to differentiate into other respiratory epithelial cells in response to injury.
basal epithelial cell of tracheobronchial tree
An adipocyte derived from a neural crest cell.
An undifferentiated fibroblast that can be stimulated to form a fat cell.
A preadipocyte that is capable of differentiating into a brown adipocyte. This cell type expresses uncoupling protein-1, PPAR-gamma, PR-domain-containing 16; and PGC-1alpha (peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma (PPARgamma) coactivator-1alpha).
A natural killer cell that is developmentally immature, has the phenotype CD34-negative, CD56-positive, CD117-positive, CD122-positive,and CD161-positive.
CD56-positive, CD161-positive immature natural killer cell, human
A prostate epithelial cell that is CD133-positive, CD44-positive, integrin A2beta3-high. This cell is a stem cell for the prostate epithelium.
An undifferentiated cell of the prostate epithelium that lacks secretory activity.
A natural killer cell that is developmentally immature, has the phenotype CD34-negative, CD56-negative, CD117-positive, CD122-positive,and CD161-positive.
CD56-negative, CD161-positive immature natural killer cell, human
An immature natural killer cell that is NK1.1-positive and DX-5 negative.
Dx5-negative, NK1.1-positive immature natural killer cell, mouse
An endothelial cell that lines the intracavitary lumen of the heart, separating the circulating blood from the underlying myocardium. This cell type releases a number of vasoactive substances including prostacyclin, nitrous oxide and endothelin.
A progenitor cell that is able to differentiate into the pancreas alpha, beta and delta endocrine cells. This cell type expresses neurogenin-3 and Isl-1.
A hematopoietic stem cell that exists during embryogenesis.
A hematopoietic stem cell that resides in the fetal liver. In mice, this cell type is first observed at E10.5. This cell type is MHC-positive, HSA-positive, AA4.1-positive, CD45-positive, Sca-1 positive, CD150-positive, CD48-negative and CD244-negative.
fetal liver hematopoietic progenitor cell
A hematopoietic stem found in the yolk sac. In mice, this cell type is Sca-1-negative, CD45-negative, MHC-negative, HSA-positive, AA4.1-positive, CD44-positive.
A large nucleated basophilic erythrocyte found in mammalian embryos. This cell type arises from the blood islands of yolk sacs and expresses different types of hemoglobins (beta-H1, gamma-1 and zeta) than adult erythrocytes. Considered a type of erythroblast as this cell type can enucleate in circulation.
A primitive erythrocyte that has undergone enucleation. This cell type is 3-6 fold bigger than the fetal derived erythrocytes that they co-circulate with during fetal development. Expresses epsilon-gamma hemoglobin chains.
A fetal liver derived enucleated erythrocyte. This erythrocyte resembles adult erythrocytes in that they are small (3- to 6- times smaller than primitive erythrocytes) and produce adult hemaglobins.
Derived from the Greek word pyren (the pit of a stone fruit), this is a transient nucleated cell type that results from exclusion of the nucleus from the primitive erythrocyte.
A hematopoietic stem cell of the placenta. This cell type is first observed E10.5 This cell type may give rise to fetal liver hematopoietic stem cells.
A progenitor cell that is capable of forming colonies of primitive erythrocytes in the blood island of the yolk sac. First arrive at E7.5 in mouse and expresses CD41.
A cell located in the outermost proliferative zone of the external germinal layer that can differentiate into astroglial cells and granule cells. This cell type is glial fibrillary acidic protein-positive and HNK1-positive.
A keratocyte is a specialized fibroblast residing in the cornea stroma that has a flattened, dendritic morphology; located between the lamellae with a large flattened nucleus, and lengthy processes which communicate with neighboring cells. This corneal layer, representing about 85-90% of corneal thickness, is built up from highly regular collagenous lamellae and extracellular matrix components. Keratocytes play the major role in keeping it transparent, healing its wounds, and synthesizing its components. This cell type secretes collagen I, V, VI, and keratan sulfate.
A cell that lines the trabecular meshwork, which is an area of tissue in the eye located around the base of the cornea, near the ciliary body, and is responsible for draining the aqueous humor from the eye via the anterior chamber (the chamber on the front of the eye covered by the cornea). This cell may play a role in regulating intraocular pressure.
An endo-epithelial cell of the respiratory tract.
A differentiated form of a fungus produced during or as a result of an asexual or sexual reproductive process; usually a cell with a thick cell wall that stores and protects one or more nuclei. Spores may be produced in response to, and are characteristically resistant to, adverse environmental conditions.
A simple columnar epithelial cell that secretes mucin. Rough endoplasmic reticulum, mitochondria, the nucleus, and other organelles are concentrated in the basal portion. The apical plasma membrane projects microvilli to increase surface area for secretion.
A transversely striated, synctial muscle cell, formed by the fusion of myoblasts.
A hair cell of the ear that contains the organs of balance and hearing.
A glioblast cell that develops from a migratory neural crest cell. The SCP is embedded among neurons (axons) with minimal extracellular spaces separating them from nerve cell membranes and has no basal lamina. In rodents SCPs are the only cells in the Schwann cell linage that expresses Cdh19.
A glial cell that develops from a Schwann cell precursor. The immature Schwann cell is embedded among neurons (axons) with minimal extracellular spaces separating them from nerve cell membranes and has a basal lamina. Cells can survive without an axon present. Immature Schwann cell can be found communally ensheathing large groups of axons.
An oblong or round asexual spore formed from conidial chains.
Cylindrical spore formed by development and compartmentation of hyphae; the hyphae are often supporting blastoconidiophores.
A monocyte that has characteristics of both patrolling and inflammatory monocytes.
A resident monocyte that is Gr-1 high, CD43-negative, CX3CR1-negative, CD115-positive, and B220-negative.
A patrolling monocyte that is CD14-low and CD16-positive.
A CD14-positive monocyte that is also CD16-positive and CCR2-negative.
An intermediate monocyte that is Gr1-positive, CD43-positive.
A precursor B cell that is AA4-positive, IgM-negative, CD19-positive, CD43-positive and HSA-positive.
A thymocyte that has a T cell receptor consisting of a gamma chain that has as part a Vgamma3 segment, and a delta chain. This cell type is CD4-negative, CD8-negative and CD24-negative. This cell-type is found in the fetal thymus with highest numbers occurring at E17-E18.
mature dendritic epithelial T cell precursor
A resting mature B cell within the Peyer's patch that is CD19-positive, B220-positive, IgM-positive, AA4-negative, CD23-positive, CD43-negative, and CD5-negative.
A post-natal thymocyte expressing components of the gamma-delta T cell receptor. This cell type is always double-negative (i.e. CD4-negative, CD8-negative).
A cell that is found in the periacinar space of the exocrine pancreas and in perivascular and periductal regions of the pancreas, and has long cytoplasmic processes that encircle the base of the acinus. Expresses several intermediate filament proteins including vimentin and nestin. Shares many of the characteristics of hepatatic stellate cells, but not stellate cells of the central nervous system. Upon activation, this cell type undergoes morphological and gene expression changes that make the cell suggestive of being a type of myofibroblast.
An immature or mature cell of the first erythroid lineage to arise during embryonic development.
A pluripotent cell in the yolk sac that can give rise to mesenchymal cells including erythrocytes and endothelial cells.
A T cell that expresses a T cell receptor complex and has completed T cell selection.
A T cell that has not completed T cell selection.
A reticulocyte that retains the nucleus and other organelles. Found in birds, fish, amphibians and reptiles.
A reticulocyte lacking a nucleus and showing a basophilic reticulum under vital staining due to the presence of ribosomes.
A pro-T cell that is lin-negative, CD25-negative, CD127-negative, CD44-positive and kit-positive.
A double-positive, alpha-beta thymocyte that is small and not proliferating.
A double-positive thymocyte that is large (i.e. has a high forward scatter signal in flow cytometry) and is actively proliferating.
A double-positive thymocyte that is CD69-positive and has begun positive selection.
A double-positive thymocyte that is undergoing positive selection, has high expression of the alpha-beta T cell receptor, is CD69-positive, and is in the process of down regulating the CD4 co-receptor.
CD4-intermediate, CD8-positive double-positive thymocyte
A double-positive thymocyte that is undergoing positive selection, has high expression of the alpha-beta T cell receptor, is CD69-positive, and is in the process of down regulating the CD8 co-receptor.
CD4-positive, CD8-intermediate double-positive thymocyte
A CD4-positive, CD8-negative thymocyte that is CD24-positive and expresses high levels of the alpha-beta T cell receptor.
CD24-positive, CD4 single-positive semimature thymocyte
CD24-positive, CD4 single-positive thymocyte
A CD4-positive, CD8-negative thymocyte that expresses high levels of the alpha-beta T cell receptor and is CD69-positive.
CD69-positive, CD4-positive single-positive thymocyte
A CD8-positive, CD4-negative thymocyte that is CD24-positive and expresses high levels of the alpha-beta T cell receptor.
CD24-positive, CD8 single-positive semimature thymocyte
CD24-positive, CD8 single-positive thymocyte
A CD8-positive, CD4-negative thymocyte that expresses high levels of the alpha-beta T cell receptor and is CD69-positive.
CD69-positive, CD8-positive single-positive thymocyte
A mature CD4-positive, CD8-negative alpha-beta T cell found in the thymus that is CD24-low and has high expression of the T cell receptor.
A mature CD8-positive, CD4-negative alpha-beta T cell found in the thymus that is CD24-low and has high expression of the T cell receptor.
A progenitor cell of the central nervous system that can differentiate into oligodendrocytes or type-2 astrocytes. This cell originates from multiple structures within the developing brain including the medial ganglion eminence and the lateral ganglionic eminence. These cells migrate throughout the central nervous system and persist into adulthood where they play an important role in remyelination of injured neurons.
oligodendrocyte-type 2 astrocyte (O-2A) progenitor cell
oligodendrocyte/type-2 astrocyte progenitor cell
Cd4-negative, CD8_alpha-negative, CD11b-positive dendritic cell is a conventional dendritic cell that is CD11b-positive, CD4-negative, CD8_alpha-negative and is CD205-positive.
Cd4-negative, CD8_alpha-negative, CD11b-positive dendritic cell
A CD11c-low plasmacytoid dendritic cell that is CD8alpha-negative and CD4-positive.
CD8_alpha-negative plasmacytoid dendritic cell
A CD11c-low plasmacytoid dendritic cell that is CD8alpha-positive and CD4-positive.
CD8_alpha-positive plasmacytoid dendritic cell
A Langerhans cell that is in the epidermis and is CD45-positive, MHCII-positive, and CD11b-positive.
A conventional thymic dendritic cell that is CD8alpha-negative.
CD8alpha-negative thymic conventional dendritic cell
A F4/80-negative dendritic cell located in adipose tissue.
An adipose dendritic cell that is SIRPa-positive.
An adipose dendritic cell that is SIRPa-negative.
A conventional dendritic cell that expresses CD11b (ITGAM).
A myeloid suppressor cell that is Gr1-high and CD11c-negative.
A myeloid suppressor cell that is Gr1-low and CD11c-positive.
Gr1-high monocyte that lacks MHC-II receptor complex.
Gr1-high monocyte that has a MHC-II receptor complex.
Gr1-low non-classical monocyte that lacks expression of a MHC-II complex.
Gr1-low non-classical monocyte that has low to intermediate expression of the MHC-II complex.
Gr1-low non-classical monocyte that has high surface expression of a MHC-II complex.
A MHC-II-negative classical monocyte located in lymphoid tissue that is F4/80-positive, CD11c-negative, and CD11b-high.
lymphoid MHC-II-negative classical monocyte
A MHC-II-negative classical monocyte located in lymphoid tissue that is F4/80-positive, CD11c-intermediate, and CD11b-high.
lymphoid MHC-II-negative non-classical monocyte
A tissue-resident macrophage located in the bone marrow. This cell type is B220-negative, CD3e-negative, Ly-6C-negative, CD115-positive, F4/80-positive.
A macrophage located in adipose tissue that is CD45-positive, CD11c-positive, and SIRPa-positive.
An adipose macrophage that does not express F4/80but is MHC-II-positive. This cell type exhibits autofluorescence under typical flow cyometry conditions.
An adipose macrophage that does not express MHC-II but is F4/80-positive.
A melanocyte that produces pigment within the hair follicle.
A melanocyte that produces pigment in the epithelium.
A melanocyte of the retina. This cell type is distinct from pigmented retinal epithelium.
A trophoblast cell that has a large volume of cytoplasm, is polyploid and is usually mononuclear but is also occasionally multi-nucleate. This cell type is important in establishing maternal physiology and remodeling of the vasculature of the placenta.
A thymocyte that lacks expression of CD4 and CD8.
A specialized cell involved in auditory sensory perception.
A cell located in the heart, including both muscle and non muscle cells.
A T cell that is located in the intestinal epithelium and is capable of a mucosal immune response.
A trophoblast cell that arises in the junctional zone (basal plate) of the placenta.
A dermal dendritic cell isolated from skin draining lymph nodes that is langerin-positive, MHC-II-positive, and CD4-negative and CD8a-negative.
langerin-positive lymph node dendritic cell
An insect excretory cell that regulates hemolymph composition by filtration and filtrate endocytosis.
A renal filtration cell is a specialized cell of the renal system that filter fluids by charge, size or both.
A specialized epithelial cell that contains "feet" that interdigitate with the "feet" of other glomerular epithelial cells in the mesonephros.
mesonephric glomerular visceral epithelial cell
A disseminated nephrocyte is a nephrocyte that filters hemolymph and is found at scattered locations in the fat body or other tissues.
A specialized epithelial cell that contains "feet" that interdigitate with the "feet" of other glomerular epithelial cells in the metanephros.
metanephric glomerular visceral epithelial cell
A myeloid dendritic cell found in the blood that is CD16-positive.
An immature CD16-positive myeloid dendritic cell is CD80-low, CD86-low, and MHCII-low.
immature CD16-positive myeloid dendritic cell
A mature CD16-positive myeloid dendritic cell is CD80-high, CD83-positive, CD86-high, and MHCII-high.
mature CD16-positive myeloid dendritic cell
cervical canal of uterus epithelial cell
epithelial cell of cervical canal of uterus
A mesenchymal stem cell that is part of the bone marrow.
mesenchymal stem cell of the bone marrow
A mesenchymal stem cell of the chorionic membrane.
chorionic membrane mesenchymal stem cell
An endothelial cell that is part of the vein.
An endothelial progenitor cell that participates in angiogenesis during development.
embryonic blood vessel endothelial progenitor cell
A fibroblast that is part of the mammary gland.
An animal cell that is part of a hair follicle.
A mesenchymal stem cell of adipose tissue.
A glial cell that myelinates or ensheathes axons in the peripheral nervous system.
A pericyte of the central nervous system.
An epithelial cell of the kidney cortex.
A blood vessel endothelial cell that is part of the retina.
An epithelial cell of the retinal pigmented epithelium.
A vascular associated smooth muscle cell of the brain vasculature.
smooth muscle cell of the brain vasculature
A smooth muscle of the pulmonary artery.
smooth muscle cell of the pulmonary artery
A smooth muscle cell of the coronary artery.
smooth muscle cell of the coronary artery
Any smooth muscle cell that is part of some bronchus.
An astrocyte that is part of the hippocampus.
A neural crest cell that gives rise to cells of the enteric nervous system.
A neuron with a soma found in the hippocampus.
A cell of the seminiferous tubule epithelium.
A mature microglial cell that has changed shape to an amoeboid morphology and is capable of cytokine production and antigen presentation.
A spore formed from bacteria in the order Actinomycetales.
Any epithelial cell that is part of some lower respiratory tract epithelium.
epithelial cell of lower respiratory tract
An amniotic stem cell is a mesenchymalstem cell extracted from amniotic fluid. Amniotic stem cells are able to differentiate into various tissue type such as skin, cartilage, cardiac tissue, nerves, muscle, and bone
A glandular epithelial cell of the esophagus.
A glandular epithelial cell of the large intestine.
A glandular epithelial cell that is part of the stomach.
A stem cell that can give rise to multiple cell types (i.e. smooth muscle, endothelial) in the developing heart.
An endothelial stalk cell is a specialized endothelial cell that follows behind the tip cell of an angiogenic sprout.
A multi-fate stem cell that can give rise to different retinal cell types including rod and cone cells.
A skeletal muscle cell that is part of the tongue.
A neuroblast derived from a neural crest cell.
A CD4-positive, CD25-positive alpha-beta regulatory T cell that has encountered antigen.
A lymphocyte found in adipose tissue that lacks lineage markers of other lymphocytes but is capable of mediating TH2 cytokine responses. This cell type is found in fat associated lymphoid clusters, proliferates in response to IL2 and produce large amounts of TH2 cytokines such as IL5, IL6 and IL13
A cell that is part of a cortex of kidney.
A CNS interneuron located in the spinal cord.
A non-terminally differentiated cell that originates from the neural crest and differentiates into an iridophore.
A non-terminally differentiated cell that differentiates into a xanthophore.
A non-terminally differentiated cell that originates from the neural crest and differentiates into a leucophore.
A non-terminally differentiated cell that originates from the neural crest and differentiates into an erythrophore.
A non-terminally differentiated cell that originates from the neural crest and differentiates into a cyanophore.
Specialized epithelial cells involved in the maintenance of osmotic homeostasis. They are characterized by abundant mitochondria and ion transporters. In amniotes, they are present in the renal system. In freshwater fish, ionocytes in the skin and gills help maintain osmotic homeostasis by absorbing salt from the external environment.
A ciliated epithelial cell with many cilia.
multi-ciliated cell
multiciliated cell
multiciliated epithelial cell
MCC
A cell that secretes ghrelin, the peptide hormone that stimulates hunger.
Ghrelin secreting cells found in the endocrine pancreas.
Lymphatic progenitor cells, derived from the veins, that give rise to lymphatic endothelial cells.
A motor neuron that innervates a skeletal muscle. These motor neurons are all excitatory and cholinergic.
somatomotor neuron
Multi fate stem cell that gives rise to both hepatocytes and cholangiocytes as descendants. The term often refers to fetal precursors of hepatocytes (differently from 'hepatic stem cell', usually applied to the self-renewing pool of hepatocyte precursors in the adult liver). Hepatoblasts may also be endogenous, as some stem cells found in the liver come from the bone marrow via blood circulation.
hepatoblast
Skeletogenic cell that has the potential to develop into an ameloblast. Located in the inner enamel epithelium, these cells elongate, their nuclei shift distally (away from the dental papilla), and their cytoplasm becomes filled with organelles needed for synthesis and secretion of enamel proteins.
Skeletogenic cell that has the potential to form an odontoblast, deposits predentine, and arises from a cranial neural crest cell.
Cell that is part of the neural crest region of the neuroepithelium, prior to migration. Note that not all premigratory neural crest cells may become migratory neural crest cells.
Mesodermal cell that is axially located and gives rise to the cells of the notochord.
Skeletogenic cell that has the potential to develop into a chondroblast; and arises from neural crest, meseosdermal and notochordal and connective tissue cells.
Skeletogenic cell that has the potential to transform into an osteoblast, and develops from neural crest or mesodermal cells.
Neuron that is part of the enteric nervous system.
Any muscle cell in which the fibers are not organised into sarcomeres.
Any hematopoietic cell that is a precursor of some other hematopoietic cell type.
A transversely striated, synctial cell of skeletal muscle. It is formed when proliferating myoblasts exit the cell cycle, differentiate and fuse.
skeletal muscle fiber
A myotube that is part of some somatic muscle. Examples include arthropod somatic muscle cells.
A muscle cell that is part of some somatic muscle.
somatic muscle cell
A muscle cell that is part of some visceral muscle.
visceral muscle cell
A visceral muscle cell that is striated. Examples include the visceral muscle cells of arhtropods.
striated visceral muscle cell
A visceral muscle that is transversely striated. Examples include the visceral muscle cells of arthropods.
transversely striated visceral muscle cell
A skeletal muscle satellite cell that divides by stem cell division. A proportion of this population undergoes symmetric stem cell division, producing two skeletal muscle satellite stem cells. The rest undergo asymmetric stem cell division - retaining their identity while budding off a daughter cell that differentiates into an adult skeletal muscle myoblast.
A skeletal muscle satellite cell that is mitotically quiescent. These cells are wedge shaped and have a large nuclear to cytoplasmic ratio with few organelles, a small nucleus and condensed interphase chromatin. Satellite cells typically remain in this state until activated following muscle damage.
quiescent skeletal muscle satellite cell
A skeletal muscle satellite cell that has become mitotically active - typically following muscle damage.
activated skeletal muscle satellite cell
A skeletal muscle myoblast that is part of a skeletal mucle. These cells are formed following acivation and division of skeletal muscle satellite cells. They form a transient population that is lost when they fuse to form skeletal muscle fibers.
A myoblast that is commited to developing into a somatic muscle.
A non-polarised cell precursor cell that is part of some mesenchyme, is associated with the cell matrix but is not connected to other cells and is capable of migration.
Any neuron that has its soma located in some anterior lateral line ganglion.
A mesenchymal cell of the endocardial cushion. These cells develop via an epithelial to mesenchymal transition when endocardial cells break cell-to-cell contacts and migrate into the cardiac jelly. Cells from this population form the heart septa and valves.
An endocrine cell that is part of the pancreas.
A neuron that release noradrenaline (noriphinephrine) as a neurotransmitter.
An epithelial cell that is part of the epithelium of a tracheal tube in an open tracheal system, such as that found in insects.
Any neuron that is capable of part of some visual perception.
An interneuron that has its soma located in the cerebral cortex.
cortical interneuron
decidual pericyte
Mural cells are pericytes and the vascular smooth muscle cells (vSMCs) of the microcirculation.
mural cell
A large, multipolar lower motor neuron of the brainstem and spinal cord that innervates the extrafusal muscle fibers of skeletal muscle and are directly responsible for initiating their contraction. While their cell bodies are in the CNS (in the anterior gray horn of the spinal cord), they are part of the somatic nervous system - a branch of the PNS.
alpha motor neuron
The motor neurons of vertebrates that directly innervate skeletal muscles. They receive input from upper motor neurons.
lower motor neuron
A skeletal muscle fiber that is innervated by alpha motor neuron and generates tension by contracting, thereby allowing for skeletal movement. These fibers make up the large mass of skeletal muscle tissue and are attached to bones by tendons.
extrafusal muscle fiber
Any cell in the compound eye, a light sensing organ composed of ommatidia.
Any cell in the retina, the innermost layer or coating at the back of the eyeball, which is sensitive to light and in which the optic nerve terminates.
An enteroendocrine cell that is located in the small intestine.
A lymphocyte that is part of a Peyer's patch. These cells have a major role in driving the immune response to antigens sampled from the intestinal lumen, and in regulating the formation of follicle-associated epithelium and M cells in Peyer's patches by converting intestitial enterocytes into M cells.
small intestine Peyer's patch lymphocyte
A follicular dendritic cell located in the Peyer's patch. These cells from a meshwork in which Peyer's patch B cells reside.
A mesothelial cell that is part of the small intestine.
A mesothelial cell that is part of the colon.
A macrophage that is located in the colon.
A goblet cell that is located in the colon.
An enteroendocrine cell that is located in the colon.
An epithelial cell that is part of an endometrial gland.
A stem cell found in the interstitial compartment of the neonatal testis; it is capable of self-renewal as well as differentiation into steroidogenic cells (adult Leydig cells). Intermediate stages of development include progenitor Leydig cells and immature Leydig cells.
An endothelial cell that is part of a placenta.
A smooth muscle cell that is part of a placenta.
An endothelial cell that is part of a uterus.
An endothelial cell located in a lymph node lymphatic vessel.
lymph node lymphatic vessel endothelial cell
A progenitor cell with the potential to differentiate into luminal epithelial cells of mammary glands. In mouse, CD61 and c-kit were found to be coexpressed by the majority of, but not all, committed luminal progenitor cells.
progenitor cell of luminal mammary epithelium
progenitor cell of mammary luminal epithelium
A stromal cell that is part_of a bone marrow.
An epithelial cell that is part_of a alveolus of lung.
A mononuclear cell that is part_of a bone marrow.
A specialized cardiomyocyte that transmit signals from the AV node to the cardiac Purkinje fibers.
Any blood vessel endothelial cell that is part of some heart.
Any cell that is part of some His-Purkinje system.
Any endothelial cell that is part of some heart.
Any photoreceptor cell that is part of some camera-type eye.
Any stellate neuron that has its soma located in some cerebellum.
A GABAergic interneuron whose soma is located in the cerebral cortex.
zygote
Any glial cell that is part of some heart.
Any myoblast that develops into some cardiac muscle cell.
A neuron that has its soma in the heart.
A CNS interneuron located in the dorsal horn of the spinal cord.
A motor neuron that passes from the spinal cord toward or to a muscle and conducts an impulse that causes movement.
A motor neuron that is generated only on limb levels and send axons into the limb mesenchyme.
A vetebrate lens cell that is any of the elongated, tightly packed cells that make up the bulk of the mature lens in a camera-type eye.
An interneuron that uses GABA as a vesicular neurotransmitter. These interneurons are inhibitory
An inhibitory GABAergic interneuron found in the cerebellar cortex.
A hemocyte derived from the embryonic head mesoderm, which enters the hemolymph as a circulating cell.
A cell of the neural crest. Neural crest cells are multipotent. Premigratory neural crest cells are found at the neural plate boarder, some of which will undergo ectomesynchymal transition and delamination to form migratory neural crest cells.
A sperm cell that is cabaple of motion (motility).
A sperm cell that is not cabaple of motion (motility).
A motile sperm cell that contain no F-actin, and their motility is powered by a dynamic filament system.
A motile sperm cell that contains a slender threadlike microscopic appendage that enables motion.
A mesothelial cell that is part of the epicardium.
An undifferentiated cell that originates from a neural stem cell and has the capacity to generate multiple types of lineage-restricted progenitors but not to self-renew.
A double negative thymocyte that is CD3-positive, CD4-negative, CD8-negative, that that are present in the periphery in very low numbers and predominantly produce INF-gamma, TNF-alpha, and a low amount of TGF-beta, but not IL-2, IL-4, IL-10 or IL-13 upon activation.
CD4-negative, CD8-negative, alpha-beta regulatory T cells
double-negative alpha-beta regulatory T cell
An effector T cell that displays impaired effector functions (e.g., rapid production of effector cytokines, cytotoxicity) and has limited proliferative potential.
A precursor cell that has a tendency to differentiate into a specific type of cell. They are descendants of stem cells, only they are more constrained in their differentiation potential or capacity for self-renewal, and are often more limited in both senses.
Any fibroblast that is part of skeletal muscle tissue.
Cells of the uterine chorion that acquire specialized structural and/or functional features that characterize chorionic trophoblasts. These cells will migrate towards the spongiotrophoblast layer and give rise to syncytiotrophoblasts of the labyrinthine layer.
Sympathetic neurons are part of the sympathetic nervous system and are primarily adrenergic producing the neurotransmitter noradrenalin along with other neuropeptides.
Epithelial cell that is part of the colon epithelium.
A neuron that releases hypocretin as a neurotransmitter.
A cell that, by division or terminal differentiation, can give rise to other cell types.
Any radial glial cell that is part of some forebrain.
forebrain radial glial cell
An ionocyte that is part of the lung epithelium. The cells from this type are major sources of the CFTR protein in human and mice.
A neuroendocrine cell that is part of the prostate epithelium.
neuroendocrine cell of prostate epithelium
Cytoplasm that exhibits a characteristic staining and color, pale-pink, with Wright-Giemsa stain.
Cytoplasm that exhibits a characteristic staining and color, red or pink, with Eosin stain.
Cytoplasm that exhibits molecular interaction for basic dyes under specific pH conditions.
Cytoplasm that exhibits affinity for both basic and acid stains under specific pH conditions.
A concave nuclear shape where the nucleus is indented to more than half the distance to the farthest nuclear margin, but in no area is the chromatin condensed to a single filament.
A concave nucleus shape where the indentation is smaller than half of the distance to the farthest nuclear margin.
Heterochromatin that is arranged in a carthwheel pattern.
Any nucleus that has characteristic some alobate.
alobate nucleus
Any chondrocyte that is part of the tracheobronchial tree.
tracheobronchial chondrocyte
Any goblet cell that is part of the tracheobronchial epithelium.
tracheobronchial goblet cell
A smooth muscle cell that is part of any lymphatic vessel.
lymphatic vessel smooth muscle cell
A smooth muscle cell that is part of any blood vessel.
blood vessel smooth muscle cell
A smooth muscle cell that is part of the tracheobronchial tree.
smooth muscle cell of tracheobronchial tree
tracheobronchial smooth muscle cell
Goblet cells reside throughout the length of the small and large intestine and are responsible for the production and maintenance of the protective mucus blanket by synthesizing and secreting high-molecular-weight glycoproteins known as mucins. Human intestinal goblet cells secrete the MUC2 mucin, as well as a number of typical mucus components: CLCA1, FCGBP, AGR2, ZG16, and TFF3.
intestine goblet cell
Any neuron that has its soma located in some retrotrapezoid nucleus.
Any epithelial cell that is part of some mesonephric nephron tubule.
mesonephric nephron tubule epithelial cell
Any neuroblast (sensu Vertebrata) that is part of some forebrain.
Any glial cell that is part of some lateral line nerve.
Any radial glial cell that is part of some spinal cord.
Any epithelial cell that is part of some pronephric nephron tubule.
pronephric nephron tubule epithelial cell
Any epithelial cell that is part of some metanephric nephron tubule.
metanephric nephron tubule epithelial cell
Any goblet cell that is part of some lung epithelium.
A specialized epithelial secretory cell that moves chloride ions and water across the tubule epithelium.
Any tip cell that is part of some Malpighian tubule.
Any chondrocyte that is part of some growth plate cartilage.
Any neuroendocrine cell that is part of some stomach.
A neuroendocrine cell that is part of respiratory epithelium of the lung and is involved in the sensory detection of environmental stimuli, including hypoxia, nicotine and air pressure. Ultrastructurally, this cell type is characterized by the presence of cytoplasmic dense core granules, which are considered the storage sites of amine and peptide hormones. Lung neuroendocrine cells are innervated and appear as solitary cells or as clustered masses, localized at airway bifurcation sites, called neuroepithelial bodies that can release serotonin in response to hypoxia and interact with sensory nerve terminals. Lung neuroendocrine cells also function as reserve stem cells that repair the surrounding epithelium after injury.
Any glial cell that is part of some posterior lateral line nerve.
Any glial cell that is part of some anterior lateral line nerve.
Any neuron that has its soma located in some posterior lateral line ganglion.
Any ciliated cell that is part of some lung.
Any secretory cell that is part of some lung.
A smooth muscle cell that is part of the small intestine.
non-striated muscle fiber of small intestine
A smooth muscle cell that is part of the large intestine.
non-striated muscle fiber of large intestine
A smooth muscle cell that is part of the colon.
A smooth muscle cell that is part of the cecum.
An epithelial cell that is part of the urethra.
A goblet cell that is part of the epithelium of bronchus.
A goblet cell that is part of the epithelium of stomach.
A goblet cell that is part of the epithelium of large intestine.
goblet cell of epithelium of large intestine
A goblet cell that is part of the epithelium of pancreatic duct.
goblet cell of epithelium of pancreatic duct
A goblet cell that is part of the epithelium of trachea.
An enterocyte that is part of the epithelium of small intestine.
enterocyte of epithelium of small intestine
A columnar cell of the colon that is part of the colonic epithelium.
vacuolar absorptive cell of epithelium of colon
A basal cell that is part of the epithelium of trachea.
A basal cell found in the bronchus epithelium.
A Purkinje myocyte that is part of the interventricular septum.
Purkinje myocyte of interventricular septum
A melanocyte that is part of the eyelid.
A muscle cell that is part of the sinoatrial node.
A muscle cell that is part of the atrioventricular node.
A blood vessel endothelial cell that is part of an arterial endothelium.
An epithelial cell that is part of the gallbladder.
A chromaffin cell that is part of the adrenal gland.
A chromaffin cell that is part of the adrenal cortex.
A somatic stem cell that is part of the epidermis.
A smooth muscle cell that is part of the ciliary body.
An epithelial cell that is part of the sweat gland.
An epithelial cell that is part of the nephron.
An epithelial cell that is part of the glomerular capsule.
An epithelial cell that is part of the intermediate tubule.
An epithelial cell that is part of the collecting duct of renal tubule.
epithelial cell of renal collecting tubule
A mesothelial cell that is part of the parietal peritoneum.
A mesothelial cell that is part of the visceral peritoneum.
A melanocyte that is part of the skin of body.
A chromaffin cell that is part of the ovary.
A Purkinje myocyte that is part of the atrioventricular node.
Purkinje myocyte of atrioventricular node
A Purkinje myocyte that is part of the atrioventricular bundle.
Purkinje myocyte of atrioventricular bundle
A basal cell that is part of the urothelium. Compared to other urothelial cell types, a basal cell of the urothelium is positioned along the basement membrane, is the most undifferentiated and serves a progenitor role.
A smooth muscle cell that is part of the prostate gland.
An epithelial cell that is part of the bile duct. Cholangiocytes contribute to bile secretion via net release of bicarbonate and water. They are cuboidal epithelium in the small interlobular bile ducts, but become columnar and mucus secreting in larger bile ducts approaching the porta hepatis and the extrahepatic ducts.
A mesothelial cell that is part of the peritoneum.
An epithelial cell that is part of a nephron tubule.
A goblet cell that is part of the small intestine.
goblet cell of epithelium of small intestine
A cell that is part of kidney interstitium.
A cell that is part of a nephron tubule.
Any kidney epithelial cell that is part of some glomerular epithelium.
An epithelial cell that is part of a renal medulla collecting duct.
kidney medulla collecting duct epithelial cell
An epithelial cell that is part of some inner medullary collecting duct.
kidney inner medulla collecting duct epithelial cell
An epithelial cell that is part of an outer medullary collecting duct.
kidney outer medulla collecting duct epithelial cell
An epithelial cell that is part of a cortical collecting duct.
kidney cortex collecting duct epithelial cell
Any cell that is part of some lower urinary tract.
Any neuron that has its soma located in some kidney.
Any renal cortical epithelial cell that is part of some renal corpuscle.
Any kidney tubule cell that is part of some renal cortex tubule.
Any kidney medulla cell that is part of some outer medulla of kidney.
Any kidney medulla cell that is part of some inner medulla of kidney.
Any kidney cortical cell that is part of some juxtaglomerular apparatus.
A fibroblast that is part of an interstitial compartment of a kidney.
Any urothelial cell that is part of some urothelium of ureter.
A mesangial cell located among the glomerular capillaries in a renal corpuscle.
Any kidney corpuscule cell that is part of some renal glomerulus.
Any nephron tubule epithelial cell that is part of some renal connecting tubule.
kidney connecting tubule epithelial cell
Any epithelial cell of proximal tubule that is part of some proximal convoluted tubule and has part some brush border.
kidney proximal convoluted tubule epithelial cell
Any epithelial cell of proximal tubule that is part of some proximal straight tubule.
kidney proximal straight tubule epithelial cell
Any epithelial cell of distal tubule that is part of some distal convoluted tubule.
kidney distal convoluted tubule epithelial cell
Any epithelial cell of distal tubule that is part of some macula densa.
Any nephron tubule epithelial cell that is part of some loop of Henle.
Any smooth muscle cell that is part of some muscular coat of ureter.
Any kidney loop of Henle epithelial cell that is part of some descending limb of loop of Henle.
kidney loop of Henle descending limb epithelial cell
An epithelial cell that is part of some loop of Henle thin descending limb.
kidney loop of Henle thin descending limb epithelial cell
A cell that is part of a collecting duct of renal tubule.
A pericyte cell located in the kidney interstitium.
Any cell that is part of some urinary bladder.
An epithelial cell of the exocrine pancreas.
A neuron residing in the olfactory bulb that serve to process and refine signals arising from olfactory sensory neurons
A sensory neuron of the dorsal root ganglia that senses body position and sends information about how much the muscle is stretched to the spinal cord.
An inhibitory, GABAergic projection neuron in the striatum that integrates glutamatergic signals arising from the cerebral cortex and thalamus.
gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA)ergic spiny projection neuron
gamma-aminobutyric acid ergic spiny projection neuron
The principal glutaminergic neuron located in the outer third of the external plexiform layer of the olfactory bulb; a single short primary dendrite traverses the outer external plexiform layer and terminates within an olfactory glomerulus in a tuft of branches, where it receives the input from olfactory receptor neuron axon terminals; axons of the tufted cells transfer information to a number of areas in the brain, including the piriform cortex, entorhinal cortex, olfactory tubercle, and amygdala.
The neurons that utilize glycine as a neurotransmitter.
The various hormone- or neurotransmitter-secreting cells present throughout the mucosa of the intestinal tract.
Any endothelial cell of vascular tree that is part of some lung.
Any endothelial cell of vascular tree that is part of some pulmonary artery.
An interneuron with a soma found in the hippocampus.
A pyramidal neuron with a soma found in the hippocampus.
A vascular endothelial cell found in colon blood vessels.
Squamous cell of uterine cervix epithelium.
cervix, uterine squamous epithelial cells
uterine cervix squamous epithelial cells
A glial cell that is part of the hippocampus.
Glandular cell of mammary epithelium. Example: glandular cells of large and intermediate ducts, glandular cells in terminal ducts.
Glandular cell of uterine cervix epithelium.
Glandular cell of colon epithelium. Example: Goblet cells; enterocytes or absorptive cells; enteroendocrine and M cells.
Glandular cell of epididymal epithelium.
Glandular cell of oviduct epithelium. Example: peg cells, ciliated cells.
Glandular cell of gallbladder epithelium.
Glandular cell of parathyroid epithelium. Example: Parathyroid chief cell and parathyroid oxyphil cells.
Glandular cell of salivary gland. Example: Serous cells, mucous cells, cuboidal epithelial cells of the intercalated ducts, simple cuboidal epithelium of the striated ducts, epithelial cells of excretory ducts.
Glandular cell of seminal vesicle epithelium.
A glandular cell found in the epithelium of the small intestine. Example: Enterocytes, Goblet cells, enteroendocrine cells; Paneth cells; M cells; Somatostatin-secreting Cells (D-cells) .
Glandular cell of exocrine pancreas epithelium. Example: pancreatic acinar cell, glandular cells in pancreatic canaliculi, glandular cells in pancreatic ducts.
Hormone secreting cell located in the cortex of adrenal gland. Glandular cells in the adrenal cortex secrete mineralocorticoids, glucocorticoids and androgens.
Endothelial cells forming the walls of the capillaries within the cerebral cortex.
Circulating macrophages and tissue macrophages (alveolar macrophages) of lung.
Hematopoietic cells resident in the bone marrow. Include: hematopoietic stem cells (lymphoid stem cells and myeloid stem cells) and the precursor cells for thrombocytes, erythrocytes, basophils, neutrophils, eosinophils, monocytes and lymphocytes.
Any melanocyte that is part of a epidermis.
Any cell that is part of a pituitary gland.
Any macroglial cell that is part of a brain.
Any endothelial cell of artery that is part of a coronary artery.
Any photoreceptor cell that is part of a compound eye.
Any native cell that is part of a inner cell mass.
Any native cell that is part of a sebaceous gland.
Any native cell that is part of a cardiac septum.
Any oligodendrocyte that is part of a spinal cord.
Any glutamatergic neuron that is part of a cerebellum.
Any neuron that is part of a central nervous system.
Any native cell that is part of a hypothalamus.
Any neuron that is part of a lateral line ganglion.
A neuron that is part of a peripheral nervous system.
Any basal cell of epidermis that is part of a limb.
Any neuromast hair cell that is part of a anterior lateral line.
anterior lateral line neuromast hair cell
Any neuromast mantle cell that is part of an anterior lateral line.
anterior lateral line neuromast mantle cell
Any neuromast support cell that is part of a anterior lateral line.
anterior lateral line neuromast support cell
anterior lateral line neuromast supporting cell
Any neuromast hair cell that is part of a posterior lateral line.
posterior lateral line neuromast hair cell
Any neuromast mantle cell that is part of a posterior lateral line.
posterior lateral line neuromast mantle cell
Any neuromast support cell that is part of a posterior lateral line.
posterior lateral line neuromast support cell
posterior lateral line neuromast supporting cell
Any fibroblast that is part of a embryo.
Any pericyte cell that is part of a brain.
Any cardiac muscle cell that is part of a cardiac ventricle.
Any motor neuron that is part of a brainstem.
Any pyramidal cell that is part of a primary motor cortex.
Any fibroblast that is part of a spleen.
Any endothelial cell of artery that is part of a umbilical cord.
Any endothelial cell that is part of a spleen.
Any dendritic cell that is part of a liver.
Any pyramidal cell that is part of a regional part of cerebral cortex.
Any mesenchymal stem cell that is part of a placenta.
placental amniotic mesenchymal stromal cell
Any fibroblast that is part of a female gonad.
Any epithelial cell that is part of a female gonad.
Any fibroblast that is part of a cardiac ventricle.
Any fibroblast that is part of a cardiac atrium.
Any fibroblast that is part of a pericardium.
Any fibroblast that is part of a gallbladder.
Any migratory neural crest cell that is part of a cardiac neural crest.
Any endodermal cell that is part of a anterior visceral endoderm.
Any pericyte cell that is part of a placenta.
Any mononuclear cell that is part of a umbilical cord.
A granule cell that has soma location in the dentate gyrus cell layer of the hippocampal formation and has an elliptical cell body and characteristic cone-shaped tree of spiny apical dendrites. The branches extend throughout the molecular layer and the distal tips of the dendritic tree end just at the hippocampal fissure or at the ventricular surface. The dentate gyrus granule cell is the principal cell type of the dentate gyrus.
dentate gyrus of hippocampal formation granule cell
Any stellate cell that is part of a dentate gyrus of hippocampal formation.
dentate gyrus of hippocampal formation stellate cell
Any keratinocyte that is part of a hair follicle.
Any fibroblast of lung that is part of a bronchus.
Any dopaminergic neuron that is part of a midbrain.
Any neuron that has its soma located in some amygdala and is capable of some glutamate secretion, neurotransmission.
Any GABAergic interneuron that has its soma located in some cerebellar cortex.
cerebellar inhibitory GABAergic interneuron
A neuron with its soma located in the dentate gyrus of the hippocampus.
A neuron that has its soma located in the mammillary body.
A GABAergic inhibitory neuron that is derived from the midbrain.
A pyramidal neuron with soma located in the amygdala.
A pyramidal neuron with soma located in the cerebral cortex.
An auditory hair cell found in the cochlea.
A glial cell that myelinates axonal processes.
A neuron that is part of the somatic sensory system. Somatosensory neurons innervate the skin or integument to detect different types of thermal, chemical, and mechanical touch stimuli.
A cell that supports the development of a gamete by providing it cytoplasmic material (including entire organelles) by direct cross-membrane channels (del Pino, 2021).
A gamete-nursing cell that derives from a germline cell (del Pino, 2021).
A stromal cell that is part of the thymus.
A specialized epithelial cell that contains "feet" that interdigitate with the "feet" of other glomerular epithelial cells in the pronephros.
pronephric glomerular visceral epithelial cell
A brush border cell that is part of segment 1 (S1) of the proximal tubule epithelium, located in the renal cortex.
epithelial cell of segment 1 of proximal tubule
epithelial cell of proximal tubule segment 1
A brush border cell that is part of segment 2 (S2) of the proximal tubule epithelium, located in the renal cortex. In addition to its reabsorptive functions, it is also specialized in the secretion of organic anions and cations, including para-aminohippurate.
epithelial cell of segment 2 of proximal tubule
epithelial cell of proximal tubule segment 2
A brush border cell that is part of segment 3 (S3) of the proximal tubule epithelium, which extends from the medullary rays of the renal cortex into the outer medulla.
epithelial cell of segment 3 of proximal tubule
epithelial cell of proximal tubule segment 3
Epithelial cell of the descending thin limb of the short loop (cortical) nephron limited to the outer medulla (mainly inner strip). It is known in some mammalian species that the short descending limb of the loop of Henle selectively expresses the serine protease Corin, the homeobox TF Uncx, and the urea channel Slc14a2.
epithelial cell of the descending thin limb of the short loop of Henle
kidney loop of Henle short descending thin limb epithelial cell
An epithelial cell located in the early distal convoluted tubule.
epithelial cell of early distal convoluted tubule
An epithelial cell located in the late distal convoluted tubule.
epithelial cell of late distal convoluted tubule
An amacrine cell that uses GABA as a neurotransmitter.
An amacrine cell that uses glycine as a neurotransmitter.
Any cell that is located within the interstitium between the cells most prominent in defining a given tissue. "Interstitial cell" is a morphological term and refers to a variety of cells with differing origins and phenotypes.
An interstitial cell that is part of a cardiac valve leaflet. Along with valve endothelial cells, a valve interstitial cell maintains tissue homeostasis for the function of cardiac valves through secreting biochemical signals, matrix proteins and matrix remodeling enzymes.
An endothelial cell that lines a surface of a cardiac valve leaflet. Along with valve interstitial cells, a valve endothelial cell maintains tissue homeostasis for the function of cardiac valves through secreting biochemical signals, matrix proteins and matrix remodeling enzymes.
A ciliated cell of the respiratory system. Ciliated cells are present in airway epithelium.
A dental pulp cell that possesses stem-cell-like qualities, including self-renewal capability and multi-lineage differentiation.
A macrophage that expresses the T cell receptor complex at the cell surface.
An epithelial cell that is part of a ureteric bud. A ureteric bud cell has the potential to induce metanephric mesenchymal cells to proliferate and convert to epithelia that form renal tubules via: (1) the secretion of multiple diffusible growth factors that rescue renal progenitors from apoptosis and stimulate them to proliferate and (2) contact-dependent mechanisms that induce mesenchymal-epithelial conversion.
A(n) vein endothelial cell that is part of a(n) respiratory system.
vein endothelial cell of respiratory system
A(n) goblet cell that is part of a(n) epithelium of lobar bronchus.
goblet cell of epithelium of lobar bronchus
A(n) neuroendocrine cell that is part of a(n) epithelium of lobar bronchus.
neuroendocrine cell of epithelium of lobar bronchus
A star-shaped glial cell that is part of some retina. This cell links neurons to blood vessels and may provide structural and physiological support to optic nerve head axons.
A smooth muscle cell that is part of a bronchiole.
A megakaryocyte that is resident in the lung connective tissue.
A mucus secreting cell that is part of a submucosal gland of the trachea.
A mucus secreting cell of a submucosal gland of the tracheobronchial tree.
mucus secreting cell of tracheobronchial tree submucosal gland
A neuron that releases catecholamine as a neurotransmitter.
A cell that is adjacent to a vessel. A perivascular cell plays a crucial role in maintaining vascular function and tissue homeostasis. This cell type regulates vessel integrity and flow dynamics.
A luminal epithelial cell of the mammary gland that can proliferate and has the potential to differentiate into a lactocyte during pregnancy. In humans, a luminal adaptive secretory precursor cell can be identified by high levels of the markers EpCAM and CD49f, and in mice it can be identified by low levels of CD29 and high levels of CD14, Kit, CD61, and Tspan8.
luminal adaptive secretory precursor cell of mammary gland
A tissue-resident macrophage that is part of the uterus.
A supporting cell that is part of the ovary and differentiates into a granulosa cell. A pre-granulosa cell develops from an early supporting gonadal cell by repressing testis determination, which can then proliferate to form primordial follicles.
Glial cell that provides support to the enteric nervous system. It is involved in enteric neurotransmission, in maintaining the integrity of the mucosal barrier of the gut and serves as a link between the nervous and immune systems of the gut. In enteric nerve strands, glial processes ensheath multiaxonal bundles which distinguishes enteric glia from all other peripheral glia. Ultrastructurally, the most conspicuous trait of an enteroglial cell is the presence of 10 nm filaments, which criss-cross the cell body, form axial bundles in the processes and appear to firmly anchor the cells to the ganglionic surfaces. Similar to astrocytes, their main constituent is glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP).
Precursor of type II pneumocyte. These cells do not have lamellar bodies, which are a marker of type II pneumocyte maturity.
fetal alveolar pre-type II epithelial cell
fetal pre-type II alveolar epithelial cell
fetal pre-type II pulmonary alveolar epithelial cell