Rhea list of ChEBI terms representing the major species at pH 7.3.
Term not to be used for direct annotation
GO ribbon for eukaroytic cellular processes
The division of the cytoplasm and the plasma membrane of a cell and its partitioning into two daughter cells.
Note that this term should not be used for direct annotation. When annotating eukaryotic species, mitotic or meiotic cytokinesis should always be specified for manual annotation and for prokaryotic species use 'FtsZ-dependent cytokinesis ; GO:0043093' or Cdv-dependent cytokinesis ; GO:0061639. Also, note that cytokinesis does not necessarily result in physical separation and detachment of the two daughter cells from each other.
Any molecular function by which a gene product interacts selectively and non-covalently with DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid).
Binding to an RNA molecule or a portion thereof.
Exportin-5 recognizes 3' overhang of pre-miRNA
Generation of force resulting in movement, for example along a microfilament or microtubule, or in torque resulting in membrane scission or rotation of a flagellum. The energy required is obtained either from the hydrolysis of a nucleoside triphosphate or by an electrochemical proton gradient (proton-motive force).
Extension of pseudopodia by myosin-X in a PI3K dependent manner
Catalysis of the reaction: GTP + H2O = GDP + H+ + phosphate.
hydrolase activity, acting on acid anhydrides, acting on GTP, involved in cellular and subcellular movement
heterotrimeric G-protein GTPase activity
protein-synthesizing GTPase activity, elongation
protein-synthesizing GTPase activity, initiation
protein-synthesizing GTPase activity, termination
signal-recognition-particle GTPase activity
heterotrimeric G-protein GTPase, alpha-subunit
heterotrimeric G-protein GTPase, beta-subunit
heterotrimeric G-protein GTPase, gamma-subunit
G alpha (s) auto-inactivates by hydrolysing GTP to GDP
Adenylate cyclase increases the GTPase activity of G alpha-olf
Adenylaye cyclase increases the GTPase activity of G alpha-olf
Adenylate cyclase increases the GTPase activity of Gi alpha
Endocytosis (internalization) of clathrin-coated vesicle
Translocation of TGN-lysosome vesicle to lysosome
Internalization of MHC II:Ii clathrin coated vesicle
GNAT1-GTP hydrolyses its bound GTP to GDP
G alpha (z) auto-inactivates by hydrolysing GTP to GDP
G alpha (i) auto-inactivates by hydrolysing GTP to GDP
G alpha (12/13) auto-inactivates by hydrolysing GTP to GDP
G alpha (q) auto-inactivates by hydrolysing GTP to GDP
P2Y purinoceptor 1 activates MAP kinase p38 alpha
trans-Golgi Network Lysosomal Vesicle Scission
80S:Met-tRNAi:mRNA:SECISBP2:Sec-tRNA(Sec):EEFSEC:GTP is hydrolysed to 80S:Met-tRNAi:mRNA:SECISBP2:Sec and EEFSEC:GDP by EEFSEC
39S subunit binds 28S subunit:mRNA:fMet-tRNA
TUFM hydrolyzes GTP and TUFM:GDP dissociates from 55S ribosome
Hydrolysis of GTP and dissociation of 28S and 39S subunits
Translocation of peptidyl-tRNA from A-site to P-site (and translocation of 55S ribosome by 3 bases along mRNA)
ASAP1 stimulates GTPase activity of ARF4
SRGAP2 stimulates RAC1 GTP-ase activity and ends FMNL1-mediated elongation of actin filaments
Rheb in the MTORC1 complex hydrolyses GTP
TBC1D20 stimulates GTPase activity of RAB1, resulting in hydrolysis of GTP
CYTH proteins stimulate ARF1 GTPase activity
ARHGAP35 stimulates RHOA GTPase activity
TBC RabGAPs accelerate GTP hydrolysis by RAB35
TBC1D2A accelerates GTP hydrolysis by RAB7
TBC1D15 accelerates GTP hydrolysis by RAB7
TBC1D16 accelerates GTP hydrolysis by RAB4A
TBC1D25 accelerates GTP hydrolysis by RAB33B
Dynamin-mediated GTP hydrolysis promotes vesicle scission
G alpha (i)i1/i2/i3 in G (i):RGS complex is inactivated
G alpha (z) in G alpha (z):RGS complex is inactivated
G alpha (q) in G (q):RGS complex is inactivated
RAS intrinsic GTPase activity hydrolyzes GTP to GDP
GBP1 hydrolyzes GTP forming GBP1 oligomers
ABCE1:ATP binds PELO:HBS1L-1:GTP:80S ribosome:non-stop mRNA:peptidyl-tRNA with nascent peptide and HBS1L-1:GDP is released
The action of a molecule that contributes to the structural integrity of a complex.
Enables the directed movement of substances (such as macromolecules, small molecules, ions) into, out of or within a cell, accross or in between cells.
Some transporters, such as certain members of the SLC family, are referred to as 'carriers'; however GO uses carrier with a different meaning: a carrier binds to and transports the substance (see GO:0140104 molecular carrier activity), whereas a transporter forms some pore that allows the passing of molecules.
The space external to the outermost structure of a cell. For cells without external protective or external encapsulating structures this refers to space outside of the plasma membrane. This term covers the host cell environment outside an intracellular parasite.
Note that this term is intended to annotate gene products that are not attached to the cell surface. For gene products from multicellular organisms which are secreted from a cell but retained within the organism (i.e. released into the interstitial fluid or blood), consider the cellular component term 'extracellular space ; GO:0005615'.
The rigid or semi-rigid envelope lying outside the cell membrane of plant, fungal, most prokaryotic cells and some protozoan parasites, maintaining their shape and protecting them from osmotic lysis. In plants it is made of cellulose and, often, lignin; in fungi it is composed largely of polysaccharides; in bacteria it is composed of peptidoglycan; in protozoan parasites such as Giardia species, it's made of carbohydrates and proteins.
Not to be used for manual annotation. Please choose a more specific term: for bacteria, annotate to GO:0009274; peptidoglycan-based cell wall, for plants: annotate to GO:0009505 ; plant-type cell wall, for fungi: GO:0009277 ; fungal-type cell wall, and for archae, use GO:0030115 S-layer (see PMID:31214995).
A structure composed of a very long molecule of DNA and associated proteins (e.g. histones) that carries hereditary information.
Chromosomes include parts that are not part of the chromatin. Examples include the kinetochore.
The contents of a cell excluding the plasma membrane and nucleus, but including other subcellular structures.
An intracellular organelle, about 200 A in diameter, consisting of RNA and protein. It is the site of protein biosynthesis resulting from translation of messenger RNA (mRNA). It consists of two subunits, one large and one small, each containing only protein and RNA. Both the ribosome and its subunits are characterized by their sedimentation coefficients, expressed in Svedberg units (symbol: S). Hence, the prokaryotic ribosome (70S) comprises a large (50S) subunit and a small (30S) subunit, while the eukaryotic ribosome (80S) comprises a large (60S) subunit and a small (40S) subunit. Two sites on the ribosomal large subunit are involved in translation, namely the aminoacyl site (A site) and peptidyl site (P site). Ribosomes from prokaryotes, eukaryotes, mitochondria, and chloroplasts have characteristically distinct ribosomal proteins.
A cellular structure that forms the internal framework of eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells. The cytoskeleton includes intermediate filaments, microfilaments, microtubules, the microtrabecular lattice, and other structures characterized by a polymeric filamentous nature and long-range order within the cell. The various elements of the cytoskeleton not only serve in the maintenance of cellular shape but also have roles in other cellular functions, including cellular movement, cell division, endocytosis, and movement of organelles.
The membrane surrounding a cell that separates the cell from its external environment. It consists of a phospholipid bilayer and associated proteins.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving carbohydrates, any of a group of organic compounds based of the general formula Cx(H2O)y.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of precursor metabolites, substances from which energy is derived, and any process involved in the liberation of energy from these substances.
generation of precursor metabolites and energy
The cellular metabolic process in which a cell duplicates one or more molecules of DNA. DNA replication begins when specific sequences, known as origins of replication, are recognized and bound by the origin recognition complex, and ends when the original DNA molecule has been completely duplicated and the copies topologically separated. The unit of replication usually corresponds to the genome of the cell, an organelle, or a virus. The template for replication can either be an existing DNA molecule or RNA.
DNA biosynthesis is only part of this process. See also the biological process terms 'DNA-dependent DNA replication ; GO:0006261' and 'RNA-dependent DNA replication ; GO:0006278'.
Activation of ATR in response to replication stress
The process of restoring DNA after damage. Genomes are subject to damage by chemical and physical agents in the environment (e.g. UV and ionizing radiations, chemical mutagens, fungal and bacterial toxins, etc.) and by free radicals or alkylating agents endogenously generated in metabolism. DNA is also damaged because of errors during its replication. A variety of different DNA repair pathways have been reported that include direct reversal, base excision repair, nucleotide excision repair, photoreactivation, bypass, double-strand break repair pathway, and mismatch repair pathway.
Any process in which a new genotype is formed by reassortment of genes resulting in gene combinations different from those that were present in the parents. In eukaryotes genetic recombination can occur by chromosome assortment, intrachromosomal recombination, or nonreciprocal interchromosomal recombination. Interchromosomal recombination occurs by crossing over. In bacteria it may occur by genetic transformation, conjugation, transduction, or F-duction.
The synthesis of an RNA transcript from a DNA template.
transcription from bacterial-type RNA polymerase promoter
Transcriptional activity of SMAD2/SMAD3:SMAD4 heterotrimer
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cellular DNA-templated transcription.
regulation of cellular transcription, DNA-dependent
regulation of transcription, DNA-dependent
regulation of transcription, DNA-templated
regulation of gene-specific transcription
regulation of DNA-templated transcription
NOTCH4 Intracellular Domain Regulates Transcription
The cellular metabolic process in which a protein is formed, using the sequence of a mature mRNA or circRNA molecule to specify the sequence of amino acids in a polypeptide chain. Translation is mediated by the ribosome, and begins with the formation of a ternary complex between aminoacylated initiator methionine tRNA, GTP, and initiation factor 2, which subsequently associates with the small subunit of the ribosome and an mRNA or circRNA. Translation ends with the release of a polypeptide chain from the ribosome.
The process of assisting in the covalent and noncovalent assembly of single chain polypeptides or multisubunit complexes into the correct tertiary structure.
glycoprotein-specific chaperone activity
non-chaperonin molecular chaperone ATPase activity
protein complex assembly, multichaperone pathway
Formation of tubulin folding intermediates by CCT/TriC
N-glycan trimming in the ER and Calnexin/Calreticulin cycle
The chemical reactions and pathways involving amino acids, carboxylic acids containing one or more amino groups.
cellular amino acid and derivative metabolic process
The chemical reactions and pathways involving compounds derived from amino acids, organic acids containing one or more amino substituents.
cellular amino acid derivative metabolic process
cellular amino acid derivative metabolism
cellular modified amino acid metabolic process
The chemical reactions and pathways involving lipids, compounds soluble in an organic solvent but not, or sparingly, in an aqueous solvent. Includes fatty acids; neutral fats, other fatty-acid esters, and soaps; long-chain (fatty) alcohols and waxes; sphingoids and other long-chain bases; glycolipids, phospholipids and sphingolipids; and carotenes, polyprenols, sterols, terpenes and other isoprenoids.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving the nonmetallic element sulfur or compounds that contain sulfur, such as the amino acids methionine and cysteine or the tripeptide glutathione.
The directed movement of substances (such as macromolecules, small molecules, ions) or cellular components (such as complexes and organelles) into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, or within a multicellular organism by means of some agent such as a transporter or a transporter complex, a pore or a motor protein.
Note that this term should not be used for direct annotation. It should be possible to make a more specific annotation to one of the children of this term, for e.g. to transmembrane transport, to microtubule-based transport or to vesicle-mediated transport.
The directed movement of proteins in a cell, including the movement of proteins between specific compartments or structures within a cell, such as organelles of a eukaryotic cell.
copper-induced intracellular protein transport
A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of cytoskeletal structures.
cytoskeletal organization and biogenesis
cytoskeleton organization and biogenesis
The process in which genetic material, in the form of chromosomes, is organized into specific structures and then physically separated and apportioned to two or more sets. In eukaryotes, chromosome segregation begins with the condensation of chromosomes, includes chromosome separation, and ends when chromosomes have completed movement to the spindle poles.
The attachment of a cell, either to another cell or to an underlying substrate such as the extracellular matrix, via cell adhesion molecules.
Any cellular process that results in the specification, formation or maintenance of anisotropic intracellular organization or cell growth patterns.
establishment and/or maintenance of cell polarity
establishment and/or maintenance of cell polarization
establishment or maintenance of cell polarity
Binding to a protein component of a cytoskeleton (actin, microtubule, or intermediate filament cytoskeleton).
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of glycoproteins, a protein that contains covalently bound glycose (i.e. monosaccharide) residues; the glycose occurs most commonly as oligosaccharide or fairly small polysaccharide but occasionally as monosaccharide.
A lipid bilayer that forms the outermost membrane of the cell envelope; enriched in polysaccharide and protein; the outer leaflet of the membrane contains specific lipopolysaccharide structures.
To annotate the plasma (cytoplasmic) membrane, see instead GO:0005886.
A membranous cellular structure that bears the photosynthetic pigments in plants, algae, and cyanobacteria. In cyanobacteria thylakoids are of various shapes and are attached to, or continuous with, the plasma membrane. In eukaryotes they are flattened, membrane-bounded disk-like structures located in the chloroplasts; in the chloroplasts of higher plants the thylakoids form dense stacks called grana. Isolated thylakoid preparations can carry out photosynthetic electron transport and the associated phosphorylation.
A thylakoid is not considered an organelle, but some thylakoids are part of organelles.
A process which begins when a cell receives an internal or external signal and activates a series of biochemical events (signaling pathway). The process ends with the death of the cell.
Note that this term should be used to annotate gene products in the organism undergoing the programmed cell death. To annotate genes in another organism whose products modulate programmed cell death in a host organism, consider the term 'modulation by symbiont of host programmed cell death ; GO:0052040'. Also, note that 'programmed cell death ; GO:0012501' should be used to refer to instances of caspase-independent cell death mechanisms, in the absence of further indications on the process taking place. At present, caspase-independent cell death is not yet represented in GO due to the lack of consensus and in-depth research on the topic. 'programmed cell death ; GO:0012501' may also be used to annotate gene products in taxa where apoptosis as defined in GO:0006915 does not occur, such as plants. You may also consider these specific children: GO:0097468 'programmed cell death in response to reactive oxygen species' (with descendants GO:0010421 'hydrogen peroxide-mediated programmed cell death' and GO:0010343 'singlet oxygen-mediated programmed cell death'), and GO:0009626 'plant-type hypersensitive response' and its children.
The synthesis by organisms of organic chemical compounds, especially carbohydrates, from carbon dioxide (CO2) using energy obtained from light rather than from the oxidation of chemical compounds.
The cellular chemical reactions and pathways involving RNA, ribonucleic acid, one of the two main type of nucleic acid, consisting of a long, unbranched macromolecule formed from ribonucleotides joined in 3',5'-phosphodiester linkage.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving mRNA, messenger RNA, which is responsible for carrying the coded genetic 'message', transcribed from DNA, to sites of protein assembly at the ribosomes.
SLBP independent Processing of Histone Pre-mRNAs
Inhibition of the reactions brought about by dioxygen (O2) or peroxides. Usually the antioxidant is effective because it can itself be more easily oxidized than the substance protected. The term is often applied to components that can trap free radicals, thereby breaking the chain reaction that normally leads to extensive biological damage.
Catalysis of an oxidation-reduction (redox) reaction, a reversible chemical reaction in which the oxidation state of an atom or atoms within a molecule is altered. One substrate acts as a hydrogen or electron donor and becomes oxidized, while the other acts as hydrogen or electron acceptor and becomes reduced.
oxidoreductase activity, acting on other substrates
SUMF1 mediates the oxidation of cysteine to formylglycine, producing active arylsulfatases
Arachidonate is oxidised to 5S-HpETE by ALOX5
MARC1,MARC2 reduce N-hydroxylated compounds
Hydroperoxy reductase reduces 4(S)-Hp-17(S)-HDHA to RvD6
Hydroperoxy reductase reduces 7(S)-Hp-17(S)-HDHA to RvD5
Hydroperoxy reductase reduces 4(S)-Hp-17(R)-HDHA to AT-RvD6
Hydroperoxy reductase reduces 7(S)-Hp-17(R)-HDHA to AT-RvD5
Hydroperoxy reductase reduces 7(S),14(S)-diHp-DHA to 7-epi-MaR1
Hydroperoxy reductase reduces 7,17-diHp-DPAn-3 to RvD5n-3DPA
Lipoxygenase dehydrogenates 7(S),17(S)-diHp-DHA to 7S(8)-epoxy-17(S)-HDHA
Hydroperoxy reducatase reduces 14(S)-Hp-DHA to 14(S)-HDHA
Unknown sepiapterin synthase transforms PTHP to sepiapterin
Cob(I)alamin bound to MMACHC is oxidized to cob(II)alamin
Catalysis of the transfer of a group, e.g. a methyl group, glycosyl group, acyl group, phosphorus-containing, or other groups, from one compound (generally regarded as the donor) to another compound (generally regarded as the acceptor). Transferase is the systematic name for any enzyme of EC class 2.
GSSeH combines with bGalNAc derivative to form GSSebGalNac
TRAF2 ubiquitinates cIAP1,2 in cIAP1,2:TRAF1:TRAF2:TRAF3:NIK
TSR3 transfers aminocarboxypropyl group from S-adenosylmethionine to N(1)-methylpseudouridine-1248 of 18SE rRNA yielding N(1)-methyl-N(3)-aminocarboxypropylpseudouridine-1248
Catalysis of the hydrolysis of various bonds, e.g. C-O, C-N, C-C, phosphoric anhydride bonds, etc.
Partial proteolysis of antigen in phagolysosomes
Production of AA by iPLA2 upon FCGR activation
Phospholipid phosphatase 6 hydrolyses Presqualene diphosphate to presqualene monophosphate
QNG1 hydrolyzes queuosine 5'-monophosphate yielding queuine and ribose 5'-monophosphate
Catalysis of the cleavage of C-C, C-O, C-N and other bonds by other means than by hydrolysis or oxidation, or conversely adding a group to a double bond. They differ from other enzymes in that two substrates are involved in one reaction direction, but only one in the other direction. When acting on the single substrate, a molecule is eliminated and this generates either a new double bond or a new ring.
PXLP-K278-PHYKPL tetramer hydrolyses 5PHL
TYW1:FMN:4Fe-4S transforms 1-methylguanosine yielding yW-187 (4-demethylwyosine) at nucleotide 37 of tRNA(Phe)
Catalysis of the geometric or structural changes within one molecule. Isomerase is the systematic name for any enzyme of EC class 5.
GFUS dimer epimerises GDP-DHDMan to GDP-KDGal
Catalysis of the joining of two molecules, or two groups within a single molecule, using the energy from the hydrolysis of ATP, a similar triphosphate, or a pH gradient.
The entirety of a process in which information is transmitted within a biological system. This process begins with an active signal and ends when a cellular response has been triggered.
Note that a signal is any variable property or parameter that serves to convey information, and may be a physical entity such as a gene product or small molecule, a photon, or a change in state such as movement or voltage change.
A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a prolongation or process extending from a cell, e.g. a flagellum or axon.
cell projection organization and biogenesis
cell surface structure organization and biogenesis
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a protein by the destruction of the native, active configuration, with or without the hydrolysis of peptide bonds.
multicellular organismal protein catabolic process
This term refers to the breakdown of mature proteins. For cleavage events involved in generating a mature protein from a precursor, consider instead the term 'protein maturation ; GO:0051604' and its children.
A structure lying external to one or more cells, which provides structural support, biochemical or biomechanical cues for cells or tissues.
A molecular function exhibited by a protein that is covalently attached (AKA tagged or conjugated) to another protein where it acts as a marker, recognized by the cellular apparatus to target the tagged protein for some cellular process such as modification, sequestration, transport or degradation.
Use this term to annotate conjugated tags, not for conjugating enzymes. At the time of writing, all known gene products with this activity are ubiquitin-like, either based on overall sequence similarity or the presence of common motifs and structures.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving tetrapyrroles, natural pigments containing four pyrrole rings joined by one-carbon units linking position 2 of one pyrrole ring to position 5 of the next.
The covalent alteration of one or more amino acids occurring in proteins, peptides and nascent polypeptides (co-translational, post-translational modifications). Includes the modification of charged tRNAs that are destined to occur in a protein (pre-translation modification).
process resulting in protein modification
A process in which chromosomal DNA and associated proteins organize into a compact, orderly bacterial nucleoid. Often resulting in DNA supercoiling.
A post-transcriptional gene silencing pathway mediated by the action of small regulatory non-coding RNAs (sRNAs). sRNAs are 20-500 nucleotides in length and found in bacteria.
RNA-mediated gene silencing by inhibition of translation
downregulation of mRNA translation, ncRNA-mediated
inhibition of mRNA translation, ncRNA-mediated
It is postulated that there 3 mechanisms of sRNA-mediated gene silencing: (i) translation inhibition, (ii) RNA destabilization, and (iii) transcription termination loop formation (as this is common when looking at riboswitches). sRNA mediated gene silencing is sometimes referred to as 'regulation of riboswitch'.
sRNA-mediated post-transcriptional gene silencing
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a xenobiotic compound, a compound foreign to the organism exposed to it, carried out by individual cells. It may be synthesized by another organism (like ampicilin) or it can be a synthetic chemical.
A cellular process that results in the biosynthesis of constituent macromolecules, assembly, and arrangement of constituent parts of ribosome subunits; includes transport to the sites of protein synthesis.
Binding to a histone, any of a group of water-soluble proteins found in association with the DNA of eukaryotic or archaeal chromosomes. They are involved in the condensation and coiling of chromosomes during cell division and have also been implicated in gene regulation and DNA replication. They may be chemically modified (methylated, acetlyated and others) to regulate gene transcription.
The region between the inner (cytoplasmic) and outer membrane (Gram-negative Bacteria) or cytoplasmic membrane and cell wall (Fungi and Gram-positive Bacteria).
A prolongation or process extending from a cell, e.g. a flagellum or axon.
A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of structures in the space external to the outermost structure of a cell. For cells without external protective or external encapsulating structures this refers to space outside of the plasma membrane, and also covers the host cell environment outside an intracellular parasite.
extracellular structure organization and biogenesis
Organized structure of distinctive morphology and function. Includes the nucleus, mitochondria, plastids, vacuoles, vesicles, ribosomes and the cytoskeleton, and prokaryotic structures such as anammoxosomes and pirellulosomes. Excludes the plasma membrane.
The region of a bacterial cell to which the DNA is confined.
Binding to a protein or a protein-containing complex to assist the protein folding process.
protein binding involved in protein folding
Note that a protein folding chaperone binds an unfolded protein to fold it. Do not confuse with unfolded protein holdase activity, which binds an unfolded protein and keeps it unfolded to deliver it to its final destination.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of small molecules, any low molecular weight, monomeric, non-encoded molecule.
Small molecules in GO include monosaccharides but exclude disaccharides and polysaccharides.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of secondary metabolites, the compounds that are not necessarily required for growth and maintenance of cells, and are often unique to a taxon.
secondary metabolite biosynthetic process
Any molecular function involved in the regulation of initiation, activation, perpetuation, repression or termination of polypeptide synthesis at the ribosome.
Functions in the storage of nutritious substrates.
Note that this term can be used in place of the obsolete terms 'storage protein ; GO:0005187' and 'storage protein of fat body (sensu Insecta) ; GO:0008041'.
Any process involved in the controlled self-propelled movement of a cell that results in translocation of the cell from one place to another.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus. The process begins with detection of the stimulus and ends with a change in state or activity or the cell or organism.
Note that this term is in the subset of terms that should not be used for direct gene product annotation. Instead, select a child term or, if no appropriate child term exists, please request a new term. Direct annotations to this term may be amended during annotation QC.
Any process leading to the attainment of the full functional capacity of a protein.
The cellular chemical reactions and pathways involving a nucleobase-containing small molecule: a nucleobase, a nucleoside, or a nucleotide.
nucleobase, nucleoside and nucleotide metabolism
nucleobase, nucleoside and nucleotide metabolic process
nucleobase-containing small molecule metabolic process
Phosphate bond hydrolysis by NUDT proteins
A compound molecular function in which an effector function is controlled by one or more regulatory components.
The binding activity of a molecule that brings together two or more molecules through a selective, non-covalent, often stoichiometric interaction, permitting those molecules to function in a coordinated way.
4Fe-4S cluster assembles on NUBP2:NUBP1 scaffold
A process which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a membrane. A membrane is a double layer of lipid molecules that encloses all cells, and, in eukaryotes, many organelles; may be a single or double lipid bilayer; also includes associated proteins.
The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of macromolecules to form a protein-containing complex.
cellular protein-containing complex assembly
A process that results in the biosynthesis of constituent macromolecules, assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a cell wall.
cell wall organization or biogenesis at cellular level
cellular cell wall organisation or biogenesis
cellular cell wall organization or biogenesis
A nitrogen compound metabolic process that contributes to the nitrogen cycle. The nitrogen cycle is a series of metabolic pathways by which nitrogen is converted between various forms and redox states; it encompasses pathways in which nitrogen is acted upon directly, such as nitrification, denitrification, nitrogen fixation, and mineralization.
A process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained in, a specific location in a membrane.
Interacting selectively with one or more biological molecules in another (target) organism, initiating pathogenesis (leading to an abnormal, generally detrimental state) in the target organism. The activity should refer to an evolved function of the active gene product, i.e. one that was selected for. Examples include the activity of botulinum toxin, and snake venom.
Reactions triggered in response to the presence of another organism that act to protect the cell or organism from damage caused by that organism.
defence response incompatible interaction
defence response to pathogen, incompatible interaction
defense response, incompatible interaction
The binding by a cell-adhesion protein on a cell surface to an adhesion molecule on another cell surface or an external substrate, to mediate adhesion of the cell to the external substrate or to another cell.
protein binding involved in cell adhesion
Any process that reduces or removes the toxicity of a toxic substance. These may include transport of the toxic substance away from sensitive areas and to compartments or complexes whose purpose is sequestration of the toxic substance.
A molecular function regulator regulates the activity of its target via non-covalent binding that does not result in covalent modification to the target. Examples of molecular function regulators include regulatory subunits of multimeric enzymes and channels. Mechanisms of regulation include allosteric changes in the target and competitive inhibition.
This term should only be used in cases when the regulator directly interacts with the enzyme, but does not result in a covalent modification.
Catalytic activity that acts to modify a protein.
Catalytic activity that acts to modify DNA.
Catalytic activity that acts to modify RNA.
Directly binding to a specific ion or molecule and delivering it either to an acceptor molecule or to a specific location.
Note that a carrier moves with its substrate/cargo, while a transporter does not move with the cargo, but facilitates the change in localization.
STAR mediates CHOL translocation from cytosol to mitochondrial intermembrane space
MMADHC targets transport of cytosolic cob(II)alamin to mitochondria
cob(II)alamin is transferred from MMACHC:MMADHC:cob(II)alamin to MTRR:MTR
SERINC3,5,(1,2,4) transport L-Ser from cytosol to plasma membrane
A molecular function that controls the rate, timing and/or magnitude of gene transcription. The function of transcriptional regulators is to modulate gene expression at the transcription step so that they are expressed in the right cell at the right time and in the right amount throughout the life of the cell and the organism. Genes are transcriptional units, and include bacterial operons.
Binding to a molecule and eliciting a change in the protein's activity in response to the intracellular level of that molecule.
Binding to a specific molecule to prevent it from interacting with other partners or to inhibit its localization to the area of the cell or complex where it is active.
eNOS:NOSIP translocation from caveolae to intracellular compartments
TCN1 binds correnoids in the circulation
A molecular function characterized by the coupling of ATP hydrolysis to other steps of a reaction mechanism to make the reaction energetically favorable, for example to catalyze a reaction or drive transport against a concentration gradient.
Note that this term represents a grouping class that includes all proteins that use ATP hydrolysis to drive a reaction; it is not meant to capture the ATP hydrolysis reaction itself. To annotate ATP hydrolysis, please use 'ATP hydrolysis activity ; GO:0016887'.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving carbohydrate derivative.
carbohydrate derivative metabolic process