2024-01-04
definition
IAO:0000233
external
term_tracker_item
true
true
term_tracker_item
term tracker item
IAO:0000700
external
has_ontology_root_term
true
true
has_ontology_root_term
has ontology root term
term replaced by
Rhea list of ChEBI terms representing the major species at pH 7.3.
Term not to be used for direct annotation
Term not to be used for direct manual annotation
AGR slim
Aspergillus GO slim
Candida GO slim
ChEMBL protein targets summary
Drosophila GO slim
FlyBase Drosophila GO ribbon slim
Generic GO slim
Metagenomics GO slim
Mouse GO slim
PIR GO slim
Plant GO slim
Fission yeast GO slim
GO subset for prokaryotes
synapse GO slim
Yeast GO slim
label approved by the SynGO project
Systematic synonym
subset_property
synonym_type_property
consider
has_alternative_id
has_broad_synonym
database_cross_reference
has_exact_synonym
has_narrow_synonym
has_obo_format_version
has_obo_namespace
has_related_synonym
has_scope
has_synonym_type
in_subset
shorthand
BFO:0000050
external
part_of
part_of
part of
BFO:0000051
external
has_part
has_part
has part
BFO:0000066
external
occurs_in
occurs_in
occurs in
RO:0002091
external
starts_during
starts_during
starts during
RO:0002092
external
happens_during
happens_during
happens during
RO:0002093
external
ends_during
ends_during
ends during
RO:0002211
external
regulates
regulates
regulates
RO:0002212
external
negatively_regulates
negatively_regulates
negatively regulates
RO:0002213
external
positively_regulates
positively_regulates
positively regulates
The cell cycle process in which replicated homologous chromosomes are organized and then physically separated and apportioned to two sets during the mitotic cell cycle. Each replicated chromosome, composed of two sister chromatids, aligns at the cell equator, paired with its homologous partner. One homolog of each morphologic type goes into each of the resulting chromosome sets.
GO:0016359
mitotic chromosome segregation
mitotic sister-chromatid adhesion release
biological_process
GO:0000070
mitotic sister chromatid segregation
The cell cycle process in which replicated homologous chromosomes are organized and then physically separated and apportioned to two sets during the mitotic cell cycle. Each replicated chromosome, composed of two sister chromatids, aligns at the cell equator, paired with its homologous partner. One homolog of each morphologic type goes into each of the resulting chromosome sets.
GOC:ai
GOC:jl
A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of cytoskeletal structures comprising microtubules and their associated proteins.
https://github.com/geneontology/go-ontology/issues/23114
https://github.com/geneontology/go-ontology/issues/23195
microtubule cytoskeleton organisation
biological_process
microtubule cytoskeleton organization and biogenesis
GO:0000226
microtubule cytoskeleton organization
A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of cytoskeletal structures comprising microtubules and their associated proteins.
GOC:mah
microtubule cytoskeleton organisation
GOC:mah
microtubule cytoskeleton organization and biogenesis
GOC:mah
A cell cycle process that results in the division of the cytoplasm of a cell after mitosis, resulting in the separation of the original cell into two daughter cells.
cytokinesis after mitosis
biological_process
GO:0000281
mitotic cytokinesis
A cell cycle process that results in the division of the cytoplasm of a cell after mitosis, resulting in the separation of the original cell into two daughter cells.
GOC:mtg_cell_cycle
A conjugation process that results in the union of cellular and genetic information from compatible mating types. An example of this process is found in Saccharomyces cerevisiae.
GO:0007322
GO:0007333
GO:0030461
GO:0030477
Wikipedia:Conjugation
biological_process
cell fusion
mating
GO:0000747
conjugation with cellular fusion
A conjugation process that results in the union of cellular and genetic information from compatible mating types. An example of this process is found in Saccharomyces cerevisiae.
GOC:elh
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a protein in the cytoplasm. This is a ribosome-mediated process in which the information in messenger RNA (mRNA) is used to specify the sequence of amino acids in the protein.
hjd
2011-06-09T03:11:53Z
biological_process
GO:0002181
Note that this term applies to translation performed by cytoplasmic ribosomes, which is distinct from translation performed by organellar ribosomes. For mitochondrial translation, consider GO:0032543 'mitochondrial translation' or its child terms.
cytoplasmic translation
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a protein in the cytoplasm. This is a ribosome-mediated process in which the information in messenger RNA (mRNA) is used to specify the sequence of amino acids in the protein.
GOC:hjd
The chemical reactions and pathways involving carbohydrates, any of a group of organic compounds based of the general formula Cx(H2O)y.
https://github.com/geneontology/go-ontology/issues/22880
jl
2012-10-23T15:40:34Z
GO:0044261
GO:0044723
Wikipedia:Carbohydrate_metabolism
carbohydrate metabolism
biological_process
GO:0005975
carbohydrate metabolic process
The chemical reactions and pathways involving carbohydrates, any of a group of organic compounds based of the general formula Cx(H2O)y.
GOC:mah
ISBN:0198506732
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of precursor metabolites, substances from which energy is derived, and any process involved in the liberation of energy from these substances.
energy pathways
biological_process
intermediary metabolism
metabolic energy generation
GO:0006091
generation of precursor metabolites and energy
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of precursor metabolites, substances from which energy is derived, and any process involved in the liberation of energy from these substances.
GOC:jl
intermediary metabolism
GOC:mah
The cellular metabolic process in which a cell duplicates one or more molecules of DNA. DNA replication begins when specific sequences, known as origins of replication, are recognized and bound by the origin recognition complex, and ends when the original DNA molecule has been completely duplicated and the copies topologically separated. The unit of replication usually corresponds to the genome of the cell, an organelle, or a virus. The template for replication can either be an existing DNA molecule or RNA.
https://github.com/geneontology/go-ontology/issues/10596
GO:0055133
Wikipedia:DNA_replication
biological_process
GO:0006260
DNA biosynthesis is only part of this process. See also the biological process terms 'DNA-dependent DNA replication ; GO:0006261' and 'RNA-dependent DNA replication ; GO:0006278'.
DNA replication
The cellular metabolic process in which a cell duplicates one or more molecules of DNA. DNA replication begins when specific sequences, known as origins of replication, are recognized and bound by the origin recognition complex, and ends when the original DNA molecule has been completely duplicated and the copies topologically separated. The unit of replication usually corresponds to the genome of the cell, an organelle, or a virus. The template for replication can either be an existing DNA molecule or RNA.
GOC:mah
The process of restoring DNA after damage. Genomes are subject to damage by chemical and physical agents in the environment (e.g. UV and ionizing radiations, chemical mutagens, fungal and bacterial toxins, etc.) and by free radicals or alkylating agents endogenously generated in metabolism. DNA is also damaged because of errors during its replication. A variety of different DNA repair pathways have been reported that include direct reversal, base excision repair, nucleotide excision repair, photoreactivation, bypass, double-strand break repair pathway, and mismatch repair pathway.
Wikipedia:DNA_repair
biological_process
GO:0006281
DNA repair
The process of restoring DNA after damage. Genomes are subject to damage by chemical and physical agents in the environment (e.g. UV and ionizing radiations, chemical mutagens, fungal and bacterial toxins, etc.) and by free radicals or alkylating agents endogenously generated in metabolism. DNA is also damaged because of errors during its replication. A variety of different DNA repair pathways have been reported that include direct reversal, base excision repair, nucleotide excision repair, photoreactivation, bypass, double-strand break repair pathway, and mismatch repair pathway.
PMID:11563486
Any process in which a new genotype is formed by reassortment of genes resulting in gene combinations different from those that were present in the parents. In eukaryotes genetic recombination can occur by chromosome assortment, intrachromosomal recombination, or nonreciprocal interchromosomal recombination. Interchromosomal recombination occurs by crossing over. In bacteria it may occur by genetic transformation, conjugation, transduction, or F-duction.
biological_process
GO:0006310
DNA recombination
Any process in which a new genotype is formed by reassortment of genes resulting in gene combinations different from those that were present in the parents. In eukaryotes genetic recombination can occur by chromosome assortment, intrachromosomal recombination, or nonreciprocal interchromosomal recombination. Interchromosomal recombination occurs by crossing over. In bacteria it may occur by genetic transformation, conjugation, transduction, or F-duction.
ISBN:0198506732
The assembly or remodeling of chromatin composed of DNA complexed with histones, other associated proteins, and sometimes RNA.
https://github.com/geneontology/go-ontology/issues/22130
https://github.com/geneontology/go-ontology/issues/23549
GO:0006333
GO:0006336
GO:0016568
GO:0031497
GO:0034724
chromatin maintenance
chromatin organisation
establishment of chromatin architecture
establishment or maintenance of chromatin architecture
DNA replication-independent chromatin assembly
DNA replication-independent chromatin organization
DNA replication-independent nucleosome organisation
DNA replication-independent nuclesome assembly
chromatin assembly
transcription-coupled nucleosome assembly
biological_process
chromatin assembly or disassembly
chromatin assembly/disassembly
chromatin modification
GO:0006325
chromatin organization
The assembly or remodeling of chromatin composed of DNA complexed with histones, other associated proteins, and sometimes RNA.
PMID:20404130
chromatin organisation
GOC:mah
establishment of chromatin architecture
GOC:mah
establishment or maintenance of chromatin architecture
GOC:mah
The synthesis of an RNA transcript from a DNA template.
https://github.com/geneontology/go-ontology/issues/14854
https://github.com/geneontology/go-ontology/issues/16737
https://github.com/geneontology/go-ontology/issues/22258
https://github.com/geneontology/go-ontology/issues/22555
GO:0001121
GO:0006350
GO:0061018
GO:0061022
cellular transcription
transcription
Wikipedia:Transcription_(genetics)
DNA-dependent transcription
transcription, DNA-dependent
transcription, DNA-templated
bacterial transcription
transcription from bacterial-type RNA polymerase promoter
biological_process
GO:0006351
DNA-templated transcription
The synthesis of an RNA transcript from a DNA template.
GOC:jl
GOC:txnOH
transcription, DNA-dependent
GOC:txnOH
The chemical reactions and pathways involving tRNA, transfer RNA, a class of relatively small RNA molecules responsible for mediating the insertion of amino acids into the sequence of nascent polypeptide chains during protein synthesis. Transfer RNA is characterized by the presence of many unusual minor bases, the function of which has not been completely established.
tRNA metabolism
biological_process
GO:0006399
tRNA metabolic process
The chemical reactions and pathways involving tRNA, transfer RNA, a class of relatively small RNA molecules responsible for mediating the insertion of amino acids into the sequence of nascent polypeptide chains during protein synthesis. Transfer RNA is characterized by the presence of many unusual minor bases, the function of which has not been completely established.
ISBN:0198506732
The process of assisting in the covalent and noncovalent assembly of single chain polypeptides or multisubunit complexes into the correct tertiary structure.
https://github.com/geneontology/go-ontology/issues/25673
GO:0007022
GO:0007024
GO:0007025
Wikipedia:Protein_folding
alpha-tubulin folding
beta-tubulin folding
chaperonin-mediated tubulin folding
biological_process
chaperone activity
chaperonin ATPase activity
co-chaperone activity
co-chaperonin activity
glycoprotein-specific chaperone activity
non-chaperonin molecular chaperone ATPase activity
protein complex assembly, multichaperone pathway
GO:0006457
protein folding
The process of assisting in the covalent and noncovalent assembly of single chain polypeptides or multisubunit complexes into the correct tertiary structure.
GOC:go_curators
GOC:rb
alpha-tubulin folding
GOC:mah
beta-tubulin folding
GOC:mah
chaperonin-mediated tubulin folding
GOC:mah
A protein modification process that results in the addition of a carbohydrate or carbohydrate derivative unit to a protein amino acid, e.g. the addition of glycan chains to proteins.
GO:0065006
protein amino acid glycosylation
biological_process
protein-carbohydrate complex assembly
GO:0006486
protein glycosylation
A protein modification process that results in the addition of a carbohydrate or carbohydrate derivative unit to a protein amino acid, e.g. the addition of glycan chains to proteins.
GOC:curators
GOC:pr
protein amino acid glycosylation
GOC:bf
The chemical reactions and pathways involving amino acids, carboxylic acids containing one or more amino groups.
https://github.com/geneontology/go-ontology/issues/17904
GO:0006519
cellular amino acid metabolic process
cellular amino acid metabolism
biological_process
amino acid and derivative metabolism
cellular amino acid and derivative metabolic process
GO:0006520
amino acid metabolic process
The chemical reactions and pathways involving amino acids, carboxylic acids containing one or more amino groups.
ISBN:0198506732
The process of targeting specific proteins to particular regions of the cell, typically membrane-bounded subcellular organelles. Usually requires an organelle specific protein sequence motif.
https://github.com/geneontology/go-ontology/issues/26248
Wikipedia:Protein_targeting
protein sorting along secretory pathway
biological_process
nascent polypeptide association
GO:0006605
protein targeting
The process of targeting specific proteins to particular regions of the cell, typically membrane-bounded subcellular organelles. Usually requires an organelle specific protein sequence motif.
GOC:ma
The chemical reactions and pathways involving lipids, compounds soluble in an organic solvent but not, or sparingly, in an aqueous solvent. Includes fatty acids; neutral fats, other fatty-acid esters, and soaps; long-chain (fatty) alcohols and waxes; sphingoids and other long-chain bases; glycolipids, phospholipids and sphingolipids; and carotenes, polyprenols, sterols, terpenes and other isoprenoids.
Wikipedia:Lipid_metabolism
lipid metabolism
biological_process
GO:0006629
lipid metabolic process
The chemical reactions and pathways involving lipids, compounds soluble in an organic solvent but not, or sparingly, in an aqueous solvent. Includes fatty acids; neutral fats, other fatty-acid esters, and soaps; long-chain (fatty) alcohols and waxes; sphingoids and other long-chain bases; glycolipids, phospholipids and sphingolipids; and carotenes, polyprenols, sterols, terpenes and other isoprenoids.
GOC:ma
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of ubiquinone, a lipid-soluble electron-transporting coenzyme.
MetaCyc:UBISYN-PWY
coenzyme Q biosynthesis
coenzyme Q biosynthetic process
ubiquinone anabolism
ubiquinone biosynthesis
ubiquinone formation
ubiquinone synthesis
coenzyme Q10 biosynthesis
coenzyme Q10 biosynthetic process
coenzyme Q6 biosynthesis
coenzyme Q6 biosynthetic process
coenzyme Q8 biosynthesis
coenzyme Q8 biosynthetic process
coenzyme Q9 biosynthesis
coenzyme Q9 biosynthetic process
biological_process
GO:0006744
ubiquinone biosynthetic process
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of ubiquinone, a lipid-soluble electron-transporting coenzyme.
GOC:mah
The chemical reactions and pathways involving vitamins. Vitamin is a general term for a number of unrelated organic substances that occur in many foods in small amounts and that are necessary in trace amounts for the normal metabolic functioning of the body. Vitamins may be water-soluble or fat-soluble and usually serve as components of coenzyme systems.
vitamin metabolism
biological_process
GO:0006766
vitamin metabolic process
The chemical reactions and pathways involving vitamins. Vitamin is a general term for a number of unrelated organic substances that occur in many foods in small amounts and that are necessary in trace amounts for the normal metabolic functioning of the body. Vitamins may be water-soluble or fat-soluble and usually serve as components of coenzyme systems.
GOC:ai
The chemical reactions and pathways involving the nonmetallic element sulfur or compounds that contain sulfur, such as the amino acids methionine and cysteine or the tripeptide glutathione.
Wikipedia:Sulfur_metabolism
sulfur metabolism
sulphur metabolic process
sulphur metabolism
biological_process
GO:0006790
sulfur compound metabolic process
The chemical reactions and pathways involving the nonmetallic element sulfur or compounds that contain sulfur, such as the amino acids methionine and cysteine or the tripeptide glutathione.
GOC:ai
The directed movement of molecules between the nucleus and the cytoplasm.
GO:0000063
nucleocytoplasmic shuttling
biological_process
GO:0006913
Note that transport through the nuclear pore complex is not transmembrane because the nuclear membrane is a double membrane, and is not traversed.
nucleocytoplasmic transport
The directed movement of molecules between the nucleus and the cytoplasm.
GOC:go_curators
The cellular catabolic process in which cells digest cellular materials, such as organelles and other macromolecular constituents, or non-self materials such as intracellular pathogens. Autophagy serves to provide essential nutrients under conditions of cellular stress; or can remodel intracellular structures during cell differentiation.
https://github.com/geneontology/go-ontology/issues/25541#issuecomment-1740659745
GO:0016238
Wikipedia:Autophagy_(cellular)
biological_process
GO:0006914
autophagy
The cellular catabolic process in which cells digest cellular materials, such as organelles and other macromolecular constituents, or non-self materials such as intracellular pathogens. Autophagy serves to provide essential nutrients under conditions of cellular stress; or can remodel intracellular structures during cell differentiation.
GOC:autophagy
ISBN:0198547684
PMID:11099404
PMID:29455577
PMID:9412464
A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a mitochondrion; includes mitochondrial morphogenesis and distribution, and replication of the mitochondrial genome as well as synthesis of new mitochondrial components.
mitochondria organization
mitochondrial biogenesis
mitochondrial organization
mitochondrion biogenesis
mitochondrion organisation
biological_process
mitochondrion organization and biogenesis
GO:0007005
mitochondrion organization
A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a mitochondrion; includes mitochondrial morphogenesis and distribution, and replication of the mitochondrial genome as well as synthesis of new mitochondrial components.
GOC:dph
GOC:jl
GOC:mah
GOC:sgd_curators
PMID:9786946
mitochondria organization
GOC:mah
mitochondrion organisation
GOC:mah
A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a peroxisome. A peroxisome is a small, membrane-bounded organelle that uses dioxygen (O2) to oxidize organic molecules.
peroxisome organisation
biological_process
peroxisome organization and biogenesis
GO:0007031
peroxisome organization
A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a peroxisome. A peroxisome is a small, membrane-bounded organelle that uses dioxygen (O2) to oxidize organic molecules.
GOC:mah
peroxisome organization and biogenesis
GOC:mah
The attachment of a cell, either to another cell or to an underlying substrate such as the extracellular matrix, via cell adhesion molecules.
dos
2014-04-15T15:59:10Z
GO:0098602
Wikipedia:Cell_adhesion
biological_process
cell adhesion molecule activity
single organism cell adhesion
GO:0007155
cell adhesion
The attachment of a cell, either to another cell or to an underlying substrate such as the extracellular matrix, via cell adhesion molecules.
GOC:hb
GOC:pf
Any cellular process that results in the specification, formation or maintenance of anisotropic intracellular organization or cell growth patterns.
GO:0030012
GO:0030467
biological_process
cell polarity
establishment and/or maintenance of cell polarity
establishment and/or maintenance of cell polarization
GO:0007163
establishment or maintenance of cell polarity
Any cellular process that results in the specification, formation or maintenance of anisotropic intracellular organization or cell growth patterns.
GOC:mah
cell polarity
GOC:mah
GOC:vw
A biological process is the execution of a genetically-encoded biological module or program. It consists of all the steps required to achieve the specific biological objective of the module. A biological process is accomplished by a particular set of molecular functions carried out by specific gene products (or macromolecular complexes), often in a highly regulated manner and in a particular temporal sequence.
https://github.com/geneontology/go-ontology/issues/24968
jl
2012-09-19T15:05:24Z
GO:0000004
GO:0007582
GO:0044699
Wikipedia:Biological_process
biological process
physiological process
biological_process
single organism process
single-organism process
GO:0008150
Note that, in addition to forming the root of the biological process ontology, this term is recommended for the annotation of gene products whose biological process is unknown. When this term is used for annotation, it indicates that no information was available about the biological process of the gene product annotated as of the date the annotation was made; the evidence code 'no data' (ND), is used to indicate this.
biological_process
A biological process is the execution of a genetically-encoded biological module or program. It consists of all the steps required to achieve the specific biological objective of the module. A biological process is accomplished by a particular set of molecular functions carried out by specific gene products (or macromolecular complexes), often in a highly regulated manner and in a particular temporal sequence.
GOC:pdt
The chemical reactions and pathways involving mRNA, messenger RNA, which is responsible for carrying the coded genetic 'message', transcribed from DNA, to sites of protein assembly at the ribosomes.
mRNA metabolism
biological_process
GO:0016071
mRNA metabolic process
The chemical reactions and pathways involving mRNA, messenger RNA, which is responsible for carrying the coded genetic 'message', transcribed from DNA, to sites of protein assembly at the ribosomes.
ISBN:0198506732
The chemical reactions and pathways involving snRNA, small nuclear RNA, any of various low-molecular-mass RNA molecules found in the eukaryotic nucleus as components of the small nuclear ribonucleoprotein.
snRNA metabolism
biological_process
GO:0016073
snRNA metabolic process
The chemical reactions and pathways involving snRNA, small nuclear RNA, any of various low-molecular-mass RNA molecules found in the eukaryotic nucleus as components of the small nuclear ribonucleoprotein.
ISBN:0198506732
The chemical reactions and pathways involving snoRNA, small nucleolar RNA, any of a class of small RNAs that are associated with the eukaryotic nucleus as components of small nucleolar ribonucleoproteins. They participate in the processing or modifications of many RNAs, mostly ribosomal RNAs (rRNAs) though snoRNAs are also known to target other classes of RNA, including spliceosomal RNAs, tRNAs, and mRNAs via a stretch of sequence that is complementary to a sequence in the targeted RNA.
box C/D sRNA metabolic process
snoRNA metabolism
biological_process
GO:0016074
sno(s)RNA metabolic process
The chemical reactions and pathways involving snoRNA, small nucleolar RNA, any of a class of small RNAs that are associated with the eukaryotic nucleus as components of small nucleolar ribonucleoproteins. They participate in the processing or modifications of many RNAs, mostly ribosomal RNAs (rRNAs) though snoRNAs are also known to target other classes of RNA, including spliceosomal RNAs, tRNAs, and mRNAs via a stretch of sequence that is complementary to a sequence in the targeted RNA.
GOC:krc
A cellular transport process in which transported substances are moved in membrane-bounded vesicles; transported substances are enclosed in the vesicle lumen or located in the vesicle membrane. The process begins with a step that directs a substance to the forming vesicle, and includes vesicle budding and coating. Vesicles are then targeted to, and fuse with, an acceptor membrane.
https://github.com/geneontology/go-ontology/issues/25421
GO:0006899
vesicle transport
vesicular transport
nonselective vesicle transport
biological_process
protein sorting along secretory pathway
vesicle trafficking
GO:0016192
vesicle-mediated transport
A cellular transport process in which transported substances are moved in membrane-bounded vesicles; transported substances are enclosed in the vesicle lumen or located in the vesicle membrane. The process begins with a step that directs a substance to the forming vesicle, and includes vesicle budding and coating. Vesicles are then targeted to, and fuse with, an acceptor membrane.
GOC:ai
GOC:mah
ISBN:08789310662000
vesicular transport
GOC:mah
The incorporation of iron and exogenous sulfur into a metallo-sulfur cluster.
iron-sulphur cluster assembly
biological_process
iron-sulfur cluster biosynthesis
GO:0016226
iron-sulfur cluster assembly
The incorporation of iron and exogenous sulfur into a metallo-sulfur cluster.
GOC:jl
GOC:mah
GOC:pde
GOC:vw
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in many of the chemical changes of compounds that are not necessarily required for growth and maintenance of cells, and are often unique to a taxon. In multicellular organisms secondary metabolism is generally carried out in specific cell types, and may be useful for the organism as a whole. In unicellular organisms, secondary metabolism is often used for the production of antibiotics or for the utilization and acquisition of unusual nutrients.
Wikipedia:Secondary_metabolism
secondary metabolism
secondary metabolite metabolic process
secondary metabolite metabolism
biological_process
GO:0019748
secondary metabolic process
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in many of the chemical changes of compounds that are not necessarily required for growth and maintenance of cells, and are often unique to a taxon. In multicellular organisms secondary metabolism is generally carried out in specific cell types, and may be useful for the organism as a whole. In unicellular organisms, secondary metabolism is often used for the production of antibiotics or for the utilization and acquisition of unusual nutrients.
GOC:go_curators
The entirety of a process in which information is transmitted within a biological system. This process begins with an active signal and ends when a cellular response has been triggered.
jl
2010-02-16T09:30:50Z
GO:0023046
GO:0044700
biological signaling
signaling process
signalling
biological_process
signalling process
single organism signaling
GO:0023052
Note that a signal is any variable property or parameter that serves to convey information, and may be a physical entity such as a gene product or small molecule, a photon, or a change in state such as movement or voltage change.
signaling
The entirety of a process in which information is transmitted within a biological system. This process begins with an active signal and ends when a cellular response has been triggered.
GOC:mtg_signal
GOC:mtg_signaling_feb11
GOC:signaling
signalling process
GOC:mah
A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of cytoskeletal structures comprising actin filaments and their associated proteins.
https://github.com/geneontology/go-ontology/issues/23114
actin cytoskeleton organisation
biological_process
actin cytoskeleton organization and biogenesis
actin modulating activity
GO:0030036
actin cytoskeleton organization
A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of cytoskeletal structures comprising actin filaments and their associated proteins.
GOC:dph
GOC:jl
GOC:mah
actin cytoskeleton organization and biogenesis
GOC:mah
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a protein by the destruction of the native, active configuration, with or without the hydrolysis of peptide bonds.
https://github.com/geneontology/go-ontology/issues/23112
GO:0044254
GO:0044257
Wikipedia:Protein_catabolism
cellular protein breakdown
cellular protein catabolic process
cellular protein catabolism
cellular protein degradation
protein breakdown
protein catabolism
protein degradation
multicellular organismal protein catabolic process
biological_process
pheromone catabolic process
pheromone catabolism
GO:0030163
This term refers to the breakdown of mature proteins. For cleavage events involved in generating a mature protein from a precursor, consider instead the term 'protein maturation ; GO:0051604' and its children.
protein catabolic process
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a protein by the destruction of the native, active configuration, with or without the hydrolysis of peptide bonds.
GOC:mah
The process in which cells that are products of meiosis acquire the specialized features of ascospores. Ascospores are generally found in clusters of four or eight spores within a single mother cell, the ascus, and are characteristic of the ascomycete fungi (phylum Ascomycota).
GO:0007151
spore formation
sporulation
ascospore biosynthesis
biological_process
GO:0030437
Note that ascospores and asci are separate biological structures. The ascus is the structure that contain the ascospores, but the development of the ascus is a different process than the formation of the ascospores themselves; for instance, some mutations affect sporulation without affecting ascus development. For this reason, GO:0030437 ascospore formation and GO:0075317 ascus development are different terms and are not linked.
ascospore formation
The process in which cells that are products of meiosis acquire the specialized features of ascospores. Ascospores are generally found in clusters of four or eight spores within a single mother cell, the ascus, and are characteristic of the ascomycete fungi (phylum Ascomycota).
GOC:di
GOC:mah
GOC:mcc
PMID:16339736
A homeostatic process involved in the maintenance of a steady state level of phosphate ions within a cell.
https://github.com/geneontology/go-ontology/issues/26429
intracellular phosphate homeostasis
cellular phosphate ion homeostasis
intracellular Pi homeostasis
biological_process
GO:0030643
intracellular phosphate ion homeostasis
A homeostatic process involved in the maintenance of a steady state level of phosphate ions within a cell.
GOC:mah
A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of telomeres, terminal regions of a linear chromosome that include the telomeric DNA repeats and associated proteins.
chromosome organization, telomeric
organization of chromosome, telomeric region
telomere organisation
biological_process
telomere organization and biogenesis
GO:0032200
telomere organization
A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of telomeres, terminal regions of a linear chromosome that include the telomeric DNA repeats and associated proteins.
GOC:dph
GOC:jl
GOC:mah
telomere organisation
GOC:mah
telomere organization and biogenesis
GOC:mah
The chemical reactions and pathways involving tetrapyrroles, natural pigments containing four pyrrole rings joined by one-carbon units linking position 2 of one pyrrole ring to position 5 of the next.
tetrapyrrole metabolism
biological_process
GO:0033013
tetrapyrrole metabolic process
The chemical reactions and pathways involving tetrapyrroles, natural pigments containing four pyrrole rings joined by one-carbon units linking position 2 of one pyrrole ring to position 5 of the next.
GOC:mah
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of any conjugated, water-soluble protein in which the covalently attached nonprotein group consists of a lipid or lipids.
lipoprotein anabolism
lipoprotein biosynthesis
lipoprotein formation
lipoprotein synthesis
biological_process
GO:0042158
lipoprotein biosynthetic process
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of any conjugated, water-soluble protein in which the covalently attached nonprotein group consists of a lipid or lipids.
ISBN:0198506732
A cellular process that results in the biosynthesis of constituent macromolecules, assembly, and arrangement of constituent parts of ribosome subunits; includes transport to the sites of protein synthesis.
GO:0007046
ribosome biogenesis and assembly
biological_process
GO:0042254
ribosome biogenesis
A cellular process that results in the biosynthesis of constituent macromolecules, assembly, and arrangement of constituent parts of ribosome subunits; includes transport to the sites of protein synthesis.
GOC:ma
PMID:26404467
Wikipedia:Ribosome_biogenesis
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of any compound containing pteridine (pyrazino(2,3-dipyrimidine)), e.g. pteroic acid, xanthopterin and folic acid.
pteridine and derivative biosynthesis
pteridine and derivative biosynthetic process
pteridine-containing compound anabolism
pteridine-containing compound biosynthesis
pteridine-containing compound formation
pteridine-containing compound synthesis
pterin biosynthesis
pterin biosynthetic process
biological_process
GO:0042559
pteridine-containing compound biosynthetic process
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of any compound containing pteridine (pyrazino(2,3-dipyrimidine)), e.g. pteroic acid, xanthopterin and folic acid.
GOC:jl
ISBN:0198506732
The cell cycle process by which a cell commits to entering the next mitotic cell cycle phase.
jl
2013-02-28T13:09:33Z
biological_process
GO:0044772
mitotic cell cycle phase transition
The cell cycle process by which a cell commits to entering the next mitotic cell cycle phase.
GOC:mtg_cell_cycle
Any process leading to the attainment of the full functional capacity of a protein.
biological_process
GO:0051604
protein maturation
Any process leading to the attainment of the full functional capacity of a protein.
GOC:ai
The process in which a solute is transported across a lipid bilayer, from one side of a membrane to the other.
tb
2015-10-21T13:22:47Z
GO:0090662
membrane transport
ATP hydrolysis coupled transmembrane transport
biological_process
GO:0055085
Transmembrane transport is the transport of a solute across a lipid bilayer. Note that transport through the nuclear pore complex is not transmembrane because the nuclear membrane is a double membrane and is not traversed. For transport through the nuclear pore, consider instead the term 'nucleocytoplasmic transport ; GO:0006913' and its children. Note also that this term is not intended for use in annotating lateral movement within membranes.
transmembrane transport
The process in which a solute is transported across a lipid bilayer, from one side of a membrane to the other.
GOC:dph
GOC:jid
The cellular chemical reactions and pathways involving a nucleobase-containing small molecule: a nucleobase, a nucleoside, or a nucleotide.
nucleobase, nucleoside and nucleotide metabolism
biological_process
nucleobase, nucleoside and nucleotide metabolic process
GO:0055086
nucleobase-containing small molecule metabolic process
The cellular chemical reactions and pathways involving a nucleobase-containing small molecule: a nucleobase, a nucleoside, or a nucleotide.
GOC:vw
A process which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a membrane. A membrane is a double layer of lipid molecules that encloses all cells, and, in eukaryotes, many organelles; may be a single or double lipid bilayer; also includes associated proteins.
jl
2010-02-08T02:43:11Z
GO:0016044
GO:0044802
cellular membrane organisation
cellular membrane organization
membrane organisation
biological_process
membrane organization and biogenesis
single-organism membrane organization
GO:0061024
membrane organization
A process which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a membrane. A membrane is a double layer of lipid molecules that encloses all cells, and, in eukaryotes, many organelles; may be a single or double lipid bilayer; also includes associated proteins.
GOC:dph
GOC:tb
membrane organisation
GOC:mah
membrane organization and biogenesis
GOC:mah
The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of macromolecules to form a protein-containing complex.
https://github.com/geneontology/go-ontology/issues/22580
GO:0006461
GO:0034622
GO:0043623
cellular protein complex assembly
biological_process
cellular macromolecule complex assembly
cellular protein-containing complex assembly
chaperone activity
macromolecular complex assembly
macromolecule complex assembly
protein complex assembly
protein complex formation
GO:0065003
protein-containing complex assembly
The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of macromolecules to form a protein-containing complex.
GOC:jl
A protein modification process in which one or more groups of a small protein, such as ubiquitin or a ubiquitin-like protein, are covalently attached to or removed from a target protein.
mah
2009-05-11T02:54:03Z
biological_process
GO:0070647
protein modification by small protein conjugation or removal
A protein modification process in which one or more groups of a small protein, such as ubiquitin or a ubiquitin-like protein, are covalently attached to or removed from a target protein.
GOC:mah
A process that results in the biosynthesis of constituent macromolecules, assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a cell wall.
mah
2010-01-13T03:19:38Z
GO:0070882
cell wall organisation or biogenesis
cell wall organization or biogenesis at cellular level
cellular cell wall organisation or biogenesis
cellular cell wall organization or biogenesis
biological_process
GO:0071554
cell wall organization or biogenesis
A process that results in the biosynthesis of constituent macromolecules, assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a cell wall.
GOC:mah
cell wall organisation or biogenesis
GOC:mah
cell wall organization or biogenesis at cellular level
GOC:mah
cellular cell wall organisation or biogenesis
GOC:mah
A nitrogen compound metabolic process that contributes to the nitrogen cycle. The nitrogen cycle is a series of metabolic pathways by which nitrogen is converted between various forms and redox states; it encompasses pathways in which nitrogen is acted upon directly, such as nitrification, denitrification, nitrogen fixation, and mineralization.
mah
2010-09-30T05:21:03Z
Wikipedia:Nitrogen_cycle
biological_process
GO:0071941
nitrogen cycle metabolic process
A nitrogen compound metabolic process that contributes to the nitrogen cycle. The nitrogen cycle is a series of metabolic pathways by which nitrogen is converted between various forms and redox states; it encompasses pathways in which nitrogen is acted upon directly, such as nitrification, denitrification, nitrogen fixation, and mineralization.
GOC:mah
PMID:16675690
Wikipedia:Nitrogen_cycle
A process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained in, a specific location in the plasma membrane.
tb
2009-07-10T10:29:23Z
GO:0072661
GO:0090002
biological_process
protein localisation in plasma membrane
protein localization in plasma membrane
protein targeting to plasma membrane
protein-plasma membrane targeting
GO:0072659
protein localization to plasma membrane
protein-plasma membrane targeting
GOC:mah
A process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained in, a specific location in the plasma membrane.
GOC:mah
protein localisation in plasma membrane
GOC:mah
Any process that reduces or removes the toxicity of a toxic substance. These may include transport of the toxic substance away from sensitive areas and to compartments or complexes whose purpose is sequestration of the toxic substance.
biological_process
GO:0098754
detoxification
Any process that reduces or removes the toxicity of a toxic substance. These may include transport of the toxic substance away from sensitive areas and to compartments or complexes whose purpose is sequestration of the toxic substance.
GOC:dos
Any process involved in the maintenance of an internal steady state of inorganic ions within an organism or cell.
https://github.com/geneontology/go-ontology/issues/24455
biological_process
GO:0098771
inorganic ion homeostasis
Any process involved in the maintenance of an internal steady state of inorganic ions within an organism or cell.
GOC:dos
A biological process that results in the unequal transmission of alleles, haplotypes, or chromosomes from a parental genome to gametes. In the absence of meiotic drive, the two copies of each gene or chromosome in a diploid organism are transmitted to offspring with equal probability, whereas meiotic drive results in overrepresentation of the driving allele among the surviving products of meiosis.
kmv
2019-01-02T17:37:09Z
biological_process
GO:0110134
meiotic drive
A biological process that results in the unequal transmission of alleles, haplotypes, or chromosomes from a parental genome to gametes. In the absence of meiotic drive, the two copies of each gene or chromosome in a diploid organism are transmitted to offspring with equal probability, whereas meiotic drive results in overrepresentation of the driving allele among the surviving products of meiosis.
GOC:mah
PMID:26920473
PMID:29322557
PMID:29499907
The process in which a mitochondrial gene's sequence is converted into a mature gene product or products (proteins or RNA). This includes the production of an RNA transcript as well as any processing to produce a mature RNA product or an mRNA or circRNA (for protein-coding genes) and the translation of that mRNA or circRNA into protein. Protein maturation is included when required to form an active form of a product from an inactive precursor form.
pg
2017-06-26T10:57:45Z
biological_process
GO:0140053
mitochondrial gene expression
The process in which a mitochondrial gene's sequence is converted into a mature gene product or products (proteins or RNA). This includes the production of an RNA transcript as well as any processing to produce a mature RNA product or an mRNA or circRNA (for protein-coding genes) and the translation of that mRNA or circRNA into protein. Protein maturation is included when required to form an active form of a product from an inactive precursor form.
PMID:27058308
The process by which an organelle membrane interacts with another membrane via molecular tethers that physically bridge the two membranes and attach them to each other.
pg
2017-06-27T09:58:51Z
biological_process
GO:0140056
organelle localization by membrane tethering
The process by which an organelle membrane interacts with another membrane via molecular tethers that physically bridge the two membranes and attach them to each other.
PMID:27875684
A process that is part of the meiotic cell cycle.
jl
2014-05-22T14:22:28Z
biological_process
GO:1903046
meiotic cell cycle process
A process that is part of the meiotic cell cycle.
GOC:TermGenie
GOC:mtg_cell_cycle
GO_REF:0000060
BFO:0000062
external
preceded_by
preceded_by
preceded by
BFO:0000063
external
precedes
precedes
precedes
cjm
2012-03-14T10:35:44Z
GOREL:0000040
external
results_in
results_in
This relation is currently used to connect two regulation processes p1 and p2, such that if r1 regulates p1 and r2 regulates p2, and r1 results_in r2 then the regulation of p1 is required for the regulation of p2. For an example of use, see GO:0035958 'regulation of glyoxylate cycle by regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter'. Note that a precise definition of this relation is under discussion. After it has been formalized it will be added to RO, where it will have a RO ID. Note that the existing identifier and label are subject to change.
results in
GOREL:0001019
external
results_in_division_of
results_in_division_of
use occurs_in
results in division of
GOREL:0002003
external
results_in_distribution_of
results_in_distribution_of
results in distribution of
GOREL:0002004
external
results_in_fission_of
results_in_fission_of
results in fission of
GOREL:0012006
external
results_in_maintenance_of
results_in_maintenance_of
results in maintenance of
RO:0000053
external
bearer_of
bearer_of
bearer of
RO:0000056
external
participates_in
participates_in
participates in
RO:0000057
external
has_participant
has_participant
has participant
RO:0002007
external
bounding_layer_of
bounding_layer_of
bounding layer of
RO:0002008
external
coincident_with
coincident_with
coincident with
RO:0002013
external
has_regulatory_component_activity
has_regulatory_component_activity
has regulatory component activity
RO:0002014
external
has_negative_regulatory_component_activity
has_negative_regulatory_component_activity
has negative regulatory component activity
RO:0002016
external
has_necessary_component_activity
has_necessary_component_activity
has necessary component activity
RO:0002087
external
immediately_preceded_by
immediately_preceded_by
immediately preceded by
RO:0002090
external
immediately_precedes
immediately_precedes
immediately precedes
RO:0002131
external
overlaps
overlaps
overlaps
RO:0002180
external
has_component
has_component
has component
RO:0002215
external
capable_of
capable_of
capable of
RO:0002216
external
capable_of_part_of
capable_of_part_of
capable of part of
RO:0002220
external
adjacent_to
adjacent_to
adjacent to
RO:0002224
external
starts_with
starts_with
starts with
RO:0002230
external
ends_with
ends_with
ends with
RO:0002231
external
has_start_location
has_start_location
has start location
RO:0002232
external
has_end_location
has_end_location
has end location
RO:0002233
external
has_input
has_input
has input
RO:0002234
external
has_output
has_output
has output
RO:0002295
external
results_in_developmental_progression_of
results_in_developmental_progression_of
results in developmental progression of
RO:0002296
external
results_in_development_of
results_in_development_of
results in development of
RO:0002297
external
results_in_formation_of
results_in_formation_of
results in formation of
RO:0002298
external
results_in_morphogenesis_of
results_in_morphogenesis_of
results in morphogenesis of
RO:0002299
external
results_in_maturation_of
results_in_maturation_of
results in maturation of
RO:0002304
external
causally_upstream_of,_positive_effect
causally_upstream_of,_positive_effect
causally upstream of, positive effect
RO:0002305
external
causally_upstream_of,_negative_effect
causally_upstream_of,_negative_effect
causally upstream of, negative effect
RO:0002315
external
results_in_acquisition_of_features_of
results_in_acquisition_of_features_of
results in acquisition of features of
RO:0002332
external
regulates_levels_of
regulates_levels_of
regulates levels of
RO:0002334
external
regulated_by
regulated_by
regulated by
RO:0002335
external
negatively_regulated_by
negatively_regulated_by
negatively regulated by
RO:0002336
external
positively_regulated_by
positively_regulated_by
positively regulated by
RO:0002338
external
has_target_start_location
has_target_start_location
has target start location
RO:0002339
external
has_target_end_location
has_target_end_location
has target end location
RO:0002341
external
results_in_transport_along
results_in_transport_along
results in transport along
RO:0002342
external
results_in_transport_across
results_in_transport_across
results in transport across
RO:0002343
external
results_in_growth_of
results_in_growth_of
results in growth of
RO:0002344
external
results_in_transport_to_from_or_in
results_in_transport_to_from_or_in
results in transport to from or in
RO:0002348
external
results_in_commitment_to
results_in_commitment_to
results in commitment to
RO:0002349
external
results_in_determination_of
results_in_determination_of
results in determination of
RO:0002353
external
output_of
output_of
output of
RO:0002355
external
results_in_structural_organization_of
results_in_structural_organization_of
results in structural organization of
RO:0002356
external
results_in_specification_of
results_in_specification_of
results in specification of
RO:0002404
external
causally_downstream_of
causally_downstream_of
causally downstream of
RO:0002405
external
immediately_causally_downstream_of
immediately_causally_downstream_of
immediately causally downstream of
RO:0002411
external
causally_upstream_of
causally_upstream_of
causally upstream of
RO:0002412
external
immediately_causally_upstream_of
immediately_causally_upstream_of
immediately causally upstream of
RO:0002418
external
causally_upstream_of_or_within
causally_upstream_of_or_within
causally upstream of or within
RO:0002427
external
causally_downstream_of_or_within
causally_downstream_of_or_within
causally downstream of or within
RO:0002505
external
has_intermediate
has_intermediate
has intermediate
RO:0002565
external
results_in_movement_of
results_in_movement_of
results in movement of
RO:0002578
external
directly_regulates
directly_regulates
directly regulates
RO:0002588
external
results_in_assembly_of
results_in_assembly_of
results in assembly of
RO:0002590
external
results_in_disassembly_of
results_in_disassembly_of
results in disassembly of
RO:0002591
external
results_in_remodeling_of
results_in_remodeling_of
results in remodeling of
RO:0002592
external
results_in_organization_of
results_in_organization_of
results in organization of
RO:0002608
external
process_has_causal_agent
process_has_causal_agent
process has causal agent
RO:0002629
external
directly_positively_regulates
directly_positively_regulates
directly positively regulates
RO:0002630
external
directly_negatively_regulates
directly_negatively_regulates
directly negatively regulates
RO:0003000
external
produces
produces
produces
RO:0003001
external
produced_by
produced_by
produced by
RO:0004007
external
has_primary_input_or_output
has_primary_input_or_output
has primary input or output
RO:0004008
external
has_primary_output
has_primary_output
has primary output
RO:0004009
external
has_primary_input
has_primary_input
has primary input
RO:0012001
external
has_small_molecule_activator
has_small_molecule_activator
has small molecule activator
RO:0012003
external
acts_on_population_of
acts_on_population_of
acts on population of
RO:0012008
external
results_in_fusion_of
results_in_fusion_of
results in fusion of
RO:0019000
gene_ontology
regulates_characteristic
regulates_characteristic
regulates characteristic
RO:0019001
gene_ontology
positively_regulates_characteristic
positively_regulates_characteristic
positively regulates characteristic
RO:0019002
gene_ontology
negatively_regulates_characteristic
negatively_regulates_characteristic
negatively regulates characteristic
RO:0040036
external
results_in_changes_to_anatomical_or_cellular_structure
results_in_changes_to_anatomical_or_cellular_structure
results in changes to anatomical or cellular structure