2024-03-01
definition
IAO:0000233
external
term_tracker_item
true
true
term_tracker_item
term tracker item
IAO:0000700
external
has_ontology_root_term
true
true
has_ontology_root_term
has ontology root term
term replaced by
Rhea list of ChEBI terms representing the major species at pH 7.3.
Term not to be used for direct annotation
Term not to be used for direct manual annotation
AGR slim
Aspergillus GO slim
Candida GO slim
ChEMBL protein targets summary
Drosophila GO slim
Insecta GO ribbon slim
Generic GO slim
Metagenomics GO slim
Mouse GO slim
PIR GO slim
Plant GO slim
Fission yeast GO slim
GO subset for prokaryotes
Prokaryote GO ribbon slim
synapse GO slim
Yeast GO slim
label approved by the SynGO project
Systematic synonym
subset_property
synonym_type_property
consider
has_alternative_id
has_broad_synonym
database_cross_reference
has_exact_synonym
has_narrow_synonym
has_obo_format_version
has_obo_namespace
has_related_synonym
has_scope
has_synonym_type
in_subset
shorthand
BFO:0000050
external
part_of
part_of
part of
BFO:0000051
external
has_part
has_part
has part
BFO:0000066
external
occurs_in
occurs_in
occurs in
RO:0002091
external
starts_during
starts_during
starts during
RO:0002092
external
happens_during
happens_during
happens during
RO:0002093
external
ends_during
ends_during
ends during
RO:0002211
external
regulates
regulates
regulates
RO:0002212
external
negatively_regulates
negatively_regulates
negatively regulates
RO:0002213
external
positively_regulates
positively_regulates
positively regulates
A conjugation process that results in the union of cellular and genetic information from compatible mating types. An example of this process is found in Saccharomyces cerevisiae.
GO:0007322
GO:0007333
GO:0030461
GO:0030477
Wikipedia:Conjugation
biological_process
cell fusion
mating
GO:0000747
conjugation with cellular fusion
A conjugation process that results in the union of cellular and genetic information from compatible mating types. An example of this process is found in Saccharomyces cerevisiae.
GOC:elh
The division of the cytoplasm and the plasma membrane of a cell and its partitioning into two daughter cells.
GO:0007104
GO:0016288
GO:0033205
Wikipedia:Cytokinesis
cell cycle cytokinesis
cytokinesis involved in cell cycle
biological_process
GO:0000910
Note that this term should not be used for direct annotation. When annotating eukaryotic species, mitotic or meiotic cytokinesis should always be specified for manual annotation and for prokaryotic species use 'FtsZ-dependent cytokinesis ; GO:0043093' or Cdv-dependent cytokinesis ; GO:0061639. Also, note that cytokinesis does not necessarily result in physical separation and detachment of the two daughter cells from each other.
cytokinesis
cytokinesis involved in cell cycle
GOC:dph
GOC:tb
The division of the cytoplasm and the plasma membrane of a cell and its partitioning into two daughter cells.
GOC:mtg_cell_cycle
The end, or tip, of a fungal hypha, where polarized growth occurs during hyphal elongation.
cellular_component
GO:0001411
hyphal tip
The end, or tip, of a fungal hypha, where polarized growth occurs during hyphal elongation.
GOC:mcc
A molecular process that can be carried out by the action of a single macromolecular machine, usually via direct physical interactions with other molecular entities. Function in this sense denotes an action, or activity, that a gene product (or a complex) performs.
GO:0005554
molecular function
molecular_function
GO:0003674
Note that, in addition to forming the root of the molecular function ontology, this term is recommended for the annotation of gene products whose molecular function is unknown. When this term is used for annotation, it indicates that no information was available about the molecular function of the gene product annotated as of the date the annotation was made; the evidence code 'no data' (ND), is used to indicate this. Despite its name, this is not a type of 'function' in the sense typically defined by upper ontologies such as Basic Formal Ontology (BFO). It is instead a BFO:process carried out by a single gene product or complex.
molecular_function
A molecular process that can be carried out by the action of a single macromolecular machine, usually via direct physical interactions with other molecular entities. Function in this sense denotes an action, or activity, that a gene product (or a complex) performs.
GOC:pdt
Any molecular function by which a gene product interacts selectively and non-covalently with DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid).
GO:0043566
plasmid binding
molecular_function
microtubule/chromatin interaction
structure specific DNA binding
structure-specific DNA binding
GO:0003677
DNA binding
Any molecular function by which a gene product interacts selectively and non-covalently with DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid).
GOC:dph
GOC:jl
GOC:tb
GOC:vw
A transcription regulator activity that modulates transcription of gene sets via selective and non-covalent binding to a specific double-stranded genomic DNA sequence (sometimes referred to as a motif) within a cis-regulatory region. Regulatory regions include promoters (proximal and distal) and enhancers. Genes are transcriptional units, and include bacterial operons.
https://github.com/geneontology/go-ontology/issues/15704
https://github.com/geneontology/go-ontology/issues/16534
https://github.com/geneontology/go-ontology/issues/20253
krc
2010-10-21T04:37:54Z
GO:0000130
GO:0001071
GO:0001130
GO:0001131
GO:0001151
GO:0001199
GO:0001204
nucleic acid binding transcription factor activity
transcription factor activity
DNA binding transcription factor activity
gene-specific transcription factor activity
sequence-specific DNA binding transcription factor activity
bacterial-type DNA binding transcription factor activity
bacterial-type RNA polymerase core promoter proximal region sequence-specific DNA binding transcription factor activity
bacterial-type RNA polymerase transcription enhancer sequence-specific DNA binding transcription factor activity
bacterial-type RNA polymerase transcription factor activity, metal ion regulated sequence-specific DNA binding
bacterial-type RNA polymerase transcription factor activity, sequence-specific DNA binding
metal ion regulated sequence-specific DNA binding bacterial-type RNA polymerase transcription factor activity
metal ion regulated sequence-specific DNA binding transcription factor activity
sequence-specific DNA binding bacterial-type RNA polymerase transcription factor activity
transcription factor activity, bacterial-type RNA polymerase core promoter proximal region sequence-specific binding
transcription factor activity, bacterial-type RNA polymerase proximal promoter sequence-specific DNA binding
transcription factor activity, bacterial-type RNA polymerase transcription enhancer sequence-specific binding
transcription factor activity, metal ion regulated sequence-specific DNA binding
molecular_function
GO:0003700
Usage guidance: Most DNA-binding transcription factors do not have enzymatic activity. The presence of specific DNA-binding domains known to be present in DNA-binding transcription factors (HOX, GATA etc) should be used to help decide whether a protein is a DNA binding transcription factor or a coregulator. If a protein has an enzymatic activity (for example, ubiquitin ligase, histone acetyl transferase) and no known DNA binding domain, consider annotating to GO:0003712 transcription coregulator activity. Special care should be taken with proteins containing zinc fingers, Myb/SANT and ARID domains, since only a subset of proteins containing these domains directly and selectively bind to regulatory DNA motifs in cis-regulatory regions.
DNA-binding transcription factor activity
A transcription regulator activity that modulates transcription of gene sets via selective and non-covalent binding to a specific double-stranded genomic DNA sequence (sometimes referred to as a motif) within a cis-regulatory region. Regulatory regions include promoters (proximal and distal) and enhancers. Genes are transcriptional units, and include bacterial operons.
GOC:txnOH-2018
Binding to an RNA molecule or a portion thereof.
GO:0000498
GO:0044822
Reactome:R-HSA-203922
base pairing with RNA
molecular_function
poly(A) RNA binding
poly(A)-RNA binding
poly-A RNA binding
GO:0003723
RNA binding
Binding to an RNA molecule or a portion thereof.
GOC:jl
GOC:mah
Reactome:R-HSA-203922
Exportin-5 recognizes 3' overhang of pre-miRNA
Generation of force resulting in movement, for example along a microfilament or microtubule, or in torque resulting in membrane scission or rotation of a flagellum. The energy required is obtained either from the hydrolysis of a nucleoside triphosphate or by an electrochemical proton gradient (proton-motive force).
https://github.com/geneontology/go-ontology/issues/19590
https://github.com/geneontology/go-ontology/issues/21756
motor activity
Reactome:R-HSA-1861595
molecular_function
GO:0003774
cytoskeletal motor activity
Generation of force resulting in movement, for example along a microfilament or microtubule, or in torque resulting in membrane scission or rotation of a flagellum. The energy required is obtained either from the hydrolysis of a nucleoside triphosphate or by an electrochemical proton gradient (proton-motive force).
GOC:mah
GOC:vw
PMID:11242086
PMID:29716949
Reactome:R-HSA-1861595
Extension of pseudopodia by myosin-X in a PI3K dependent manner
Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + H2O = ADP + phosphate, to drive the unwinding of a DNA or RNA helix.
https://github.com/geneontology/go-ontology/issues/21393
GO:0008026
Reactome:R-HSA-169461
Reactome:R-HSA-169468
Reactome:R-HSA-5686410
Reactome:R-HSA-5690996
ATP-dependent helicase activity
molecular_function
GO:0004386
Note that most helicases catalyze processive duplex unwinding.
helicase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + H2O = ADP + phosphate, to drive the unwinding of a DNA or RNA helix.
GOC:jl
Reactome:R-HSA-169461
MCM8 mediated fork unwinding
Reactome:R-HSA-169468
MCM2-7 mediated fork unwinding
Reactome:R-HSA-5686410
BLM mediates dissolution of double Holliday junction
Reactome:R-HSA-5690996
ERCC2 and ERCC3 DNA helicases form an open bubble structure in damaged DNA
Catalysis of the phosphorylation of an amino acid residue in a protein, usually according to the reaction: a protein + ATP = a phosphoprotein + ADP.
GO:0050222
Reactome:R-HSA-156832
Reactome:R-HSA-937034
Reactome:R-HSA-9604606
Reactome:R-HSA-9673284
Reactome:R-HSA-9732753
Reactome:R-HSA-975139
Reactome:R-HSA-9833820
Reactome:R-HSA-9835885
Reactome:R-HSA-9836159
Reactome:R-HSA-9836184
Reactome:R-HSA-9836322
Reactome:R-HSA-9836362
Reactome:R-HSA-9836383
Reactome:R-HSA-9836404
Reactome:R-HSA-9836435
Reactome:R-HSA-9836449
Reactome:R-HSA-9836515
Reactome:R-HSA-9836617
Reactome:R-HSA-9836664
protamine kinase activity
molecular_function
GO:0004672
Note that triphosphate is used as a phosphate donor by at least one kinase.
protein kinase activity
Catalysis of the phosphorylation of an amino acid residue in a protein, usually according to the reaction: a protein + ATP = a phosphoprotein + ADP.
PMID:25399640
Reactome:R-HSA-156832
INF-gamma induced phosphorylation of L13a
Reactome:R-HSA-937034
IRAK1 phosphorylates Pellino
Reactome:R-HSA-9604606
Unknown kinase phosphorylates NICD4
Reactome:R-HSA-9673284
GTP-bound RAC1 contributes to MAPK8 activation
Reactome:R-HSA-9732753
JAK1-activated RAF1 phosphorylates MAPKs
Reactome:R-HSA-975139
IRAK1 phosphorylates Pellino upon TLR7/8 or 9 activation
Reactome:R-HSA-9833820
PKR dimer autophosphorylates
Reactome:R-HSA-9835885
p-PKR dimer phosphorylates eIF2-alpha
Reactome:R-HSA-9836159
p-PKR dimer phosphorylates DHX9
Reactome:R-HSA-9836184
p-PKR dimer phosphorylates CDK1
Reactome:R-HSA-9836322
p-PKR dimer phosphorylates MKK6
Reactome:R-HSA-9836362
p-PKR dimer phosphorylates TP53 tetramer
Reactome:R-HSA-9836383
p-PKR dimer phosphorylates ILF3:ILF2
Reactome:R-HSA-9836404
p-PKR dimer phosphorylates MAPT
Reactome:R-HSA-9836435
p-PKR dimer phosphorylates SNCA
Reactome:R-HSA-9836449
p-PKR dimer phosphorylates HIV tat
Reactome:R-HSA-9836515
p-PKR dimer phosphorylates PTPN2
Reactome:R-HSA-9836617
p-PKR dimer phosphorylates SPHK1
Reactome:R-HSA-9836664
p-PKR dimer phosphorylates PPP2R5A
The action of a molecule that contributes to the structural integrity of a complex.
https://github.com/geneontology/go-ontology/issues/24130
molecular_function
GO:0005198
structural molecule activity
The action of a molecule that contributes to the structural integrity of a complex.
GOC:mah
GOC:vw
Enables the directed movement of substances (such as macromolecules, small molecules, ions) into, out of or within a cell, or between cells.
GO:0005478
molecular_function
carrier
GO:0005215
Some transporters, such as certain members of the SLC family, are referred to as 'carriers'; however GO uses carrier with a different meaning: a carrier binds to and transports the substance (see GO:0140104 molecular carrier activity), whereas a transporter forms some pore that allows the passing of molecules.
transporter activity
Enables the directed movement of substances (such as macromolecules, small molecules, ions) into, out of or within a cell, or between cells.
GOC:ai
GOC:dgf
Binding to a protein.
GO:0001948
GO:0045308
protein amino acid binding
glycoprotein binding
molecular_function
GO:0005515
protein binding
Binding to a protein.
GOC:go_curators
A location, relative to cellular compartments and structures, occupied by a macromolecular machine. There are three types of cellular components described in the gene ontology: (1) the cellular anatomical entity where a gene product carries out a molecular function (e.g., plasma membrane, cytoskeleton) or membrane-enclosed compartments (e.g., mitochondrion); (2) virion components, where viral proteins act, and (3) the stable macromolecular complexes of which gene product are parts (e.g., the clathrin complex).
https://github.com/geneontology/go-ontology/issues/17729
GO:0008372
NIF_Subcellular:sao1337158144
cell or subcellular entity
cellular component
cellular_component
subcellular entity
GO:0005575
Note that, in addition to forming the root of the cellular component ontology, this term is recommended for the annotation of gene products whose cellular component is unknown. When this term is used for annotation, it indicates that no information was available about the cellular component of the gene product annotated as of the date the annotation was made; the evidence code 'no data' (ND), is used to indicate this.
cellular_component
A location, relative to cellular compartments and structures, occupied by a macromolecular machine. There are three types of cellular components described in the gene ontology: (1) the cellular anatomical entity where a gene product carries out a molecular function (e.g., plasma membrane, cytoskeleton) or membrane-enclosed compartments (e.g., mitochondrion); (2) virion components, where viral proteins act, and (3) the stable macromolecular complexes of which gene product are parts (e.g., the clathrin complex).
GOC:pdt
subcellular entity
NIF_Subcellular:nlx_subcell_100315
The space external to the outermost structure of a cell. For cells without external protective or external encapsulating structures this refers to space outside of the plasma membrane. This term covers the host cell environment outside an intracellular parasite.
Wikipedia:Extracellular
extracellular
cellular_component
GO:0005576
Note that this term is intended to annotate gene products that are not attached to the cell surface. For gene products from multicellular organisms which are secreted from a cell but retained within the organism (i.e. released into the interstitial fluid or blood), consider the cellular component term 'extracellular space ; GO:0005615'.
extracellular region
The space external to the outermost structure of a cell. For cells without external protective or external encapsulating structures this refers to space outside of the plasma membrane. This term covers the host cell environment outside an intracellular parasite.
GOC:go_curators
The rigid or semi-rigid envelope lying outside the cell membrane of plant, fungal, most prokaryotic cells and some protozoan parasites, maintaining their shape and protecting them from osmotic lysis. In plants it is made of cellulose and, often, lignin; in fungi it is composed largely of polysaccharides; in bacteria it is composed of peptidoglycan; in protozoan parasites such as Giardia species, it's made of carbohydrates and proteins.
https://github.com/geneontology/go-ontology/issues/21669
Wikipedia:Cell_wall
cellular_component
GO:0005618
Not to be used for manual annotation. Please choose a more specific term: for bacteria, annotate to GO:0009274; peptidoglycan-based cell wall, for plants: annotate to GO:0009505 ; plant-type cell wall, for fungi: GO:0009277 ; fungal-type cell wall, and for archae, use GO:0030115 S-layer (see PMID:31214995).
cell wall
The rigid or semi-rigid envelope lying outside the cell membrane of plant, fungal, most prokaryotic cells and some protozoan parasites, maintaining their shape and protecting them from osmotic lysis. In plants it is made of cellulose and, often, lignin; in fungi it is composed largely of polysaccharides; in bacteria it is composed of peptidoglycan; in protozoan parasites such as Giardia species, it's made of carbohydrates and proteins.
GOC:giardia
ISBN:0198547684
PMID:15134259
Wikipedia:Microbial_cyst
A membrane-bounded organelle of eukaryotic cells in which chromosomes are housed and replicated. In most cells, the nucleus contains all of the cell's chromosomes except the organellar chromosomes, and is the site of RNA synthesis and processing. In some species, or in specialized cell types, RNA metabolism or DNA replication may be absent.
NIF_Subcellular:sao1702920020
Wikipedia:Cell_nucleus
cell nucleus
horsetail nucleus
cellular_component
GO:0005634
nucleus
A membrane-bounded organelle of eukaryotic cells in which chromosomes are housed and replicated. In most cells, the nucleus contains all of the cell's chromosomes except the organellar chromosomes, and is the site of RNA synthesis and processing. In some species, or in specialized cell types, RNA metabolism or DNA replication may be absent.
GOC:go_curators
horsetail nucleus
GOC:al
GOC:mah
GOC:vw
PMID:15030757
A structure composed of a very long molecule of DNA and associated proteins (e.g. histones) that carries hereditary information.
Wikipedia:Chromosome
interphase chromosome
prophase chromosome
cellular_component
chromatid
GO:0005694
Chromosomes include parts that are not part of the chromatin. Examples include the kinetochore.
chromosome
A structure composed of a very long molecule of DNA and associated proteins (e.g. histones) that carries hereditary information.
ISBN:0198547684
A small, dense body one or more of which are present in the nucleus of eukaryotic cells. It is rich in RNA and protein, is not bounded by a limiting membrane, and is not seen during mitosis. Its prime function is the transcription of the nucleolar DNA into 45S ribosomal-precursor RNA, the processing of this RNA into 5.8S, 18S, and 28S components of ribosomal RNA, and the association of these components with 5S RNA and proteins synthesized outside the nucleolus. This association results in the formation of ribonucleoprotein precursors; these pass into the cytoplasm and mature into the 40S and 60S subunits of the ribosome.
NIF_Subcellular:sao1820400233
Wikipedia:Nucleolus
cellular_component
GO:0005730
nucleolus
A small, dense body one or more of which are present in the nucleus of eukaryotic cells. It is rich in RNA and protein, is not bounded by a limiting membrane, and is not seen during mitosis. Its prime function is the transcription of the nucleolar DNA into 45S ribosomal-precursor RNA, the processing of this RNA into 5.8S, 18S, and 28S components of ribosomal RNA, and the association of these components with 5S RNA and proteins synthesized outside the nucleolus. This association results in the formation of ribonucleoprotein precursors; these pass into the cytoplasm and mature into the 40S and 60S subunits of the ribosome.
ISBN:0198506732
The contents of a cell excluding the plasma membrane and nucleus, but including other subcellular structures.
https://github.com/geneontology/go-ontology/issues/23023
Wikipedia:Cytoplasm
cellular_component
GO:0005737
cytoplasm
The contents of a cell excluding the plasma membrane and nucleus, but including other subcellular structures.
ISBN:0198547684
A semiautonomous, self replicating organelle that occurs in varying numbers, shapes, and sizes in the cytoplasm of virtually all eukaryotic cells. It is notably the site of tissue respiration.
NIF_Subcellular:sao1860313010
Wikipedia:Mitochondrion
mitochondria
cellular_component
GO:0005739
Some anaerobic or microaerophilic organisms (e.g. Entamoeba histolytica, Giardia intestinalis and several Microsporidia species) do not have mitochondria, and contain mitochondrion-related organelles (MROs) instead, called mitosomes or hydrogenosomes, very likely derived from mitochondria. To annotate gene products located in these mitochondrial relics in species such as Entamoeba histolytica, Giardia intestinalis or others, please use GO:0032047 'mitosome' or GO:0042566 'hydrogenosome'. (See PMID:24316280 for a list of species currently known to contain mitochondrion-related organelles.)
mitochondrion
A semiautonomous, self replicating organelle that occurs in varying numbers, shapes, and sizes in the cytoplasm of virtually all eukaryotic cells. It is notably the site of tissue respiration.
GOC:giardia
ISBN:0198506732
The double lipid bilayer enclosing the mitochondrion and separating its contents from the cell cytoplasm; includes the intermembrane space.
cellular_component
GO:0005740
mitochondrial envelope
The double lipid bilayer enclosing the mitochondrion and separating its contents from the cell cytoplasm; includes the intermembrane space.
GOC:ai
GOC:pz
A closed structure, found only in eukaryotic cells, that is completely surrounded by unit membrane and contains liquid material. Cells contain one or several vacuoles, that may have different functions from each other. Vacuoles have a diverse array of functions. They can act as a storage organelle for nutrients or waste products, as a degradative compartment, as a cost-effective way of increasing cell size, and as a homeostatic regulator controlling both turgor pressure and pH of the cytosol.
Wikipedia:Vacuole
cellular_component
vacuolar carboxypeptidase Y
GO:0005773
vacuole
A closed structure, found only in eukaryotic cells, that is completely surrounded by unit membrane and contains liquid material. Cells contain one or several vacuoles, that may have different functions from each other. Vacuoles have a diverse array of functions. They can act as a storage organelle for nutrients or waste products, as a degradative compartment, as a cost-effective way of increasing cell size, and as a homeostatic regulator controlling both turgor pressure and pH of the cytosol.
GOC:mtg_sensu
ISBN:0198506732
A small organelle enclosed by a single membrane, and found in most eukaryotic cells. Contains peroxidases and other enzymes involved in a variety of metabolic processes including free radical detoxification, lipid catabolism and biosynthesis, and hydrogen peroxide metabolism.
GO:0019818
peroxisome vesicle
NIF_Subcellular:sao499555322
Wikipedia:Peroxisome
cellular_component
peroxisomal
GO:0005777
peroxisome
A small organelle enclosed by a single membrane, and found in most eukaryotic cells. Contains peroxidases and other enzymes involved in a variety of metabolic processes including free radical detoxification, lipid catabolism and biosynthesis, and hydrogen peroxide metabolism.
GOC:pm
PMID:9302272
UniProtKB-KW:KW-0576
The irregular network of unit membranes, visible only by electron microscopy, that occurs in the cytoplasm of many eukaryotic cells. The membranes form a complex meshwork of tubular channels, which are often expanded into slitlike cavities called cisternae. The ER takes two forms, rough (or granular), with ribosomes adhering to the outer surface, and smooth (with no ribosomes attached).
NIF_Subcellular:sao1036339110
Wikipedia:Endoplasmic_reticulum
ER
cellular_component
GO:0005783
endoplasmic reticulum
The irregular network of unit membranes, visible only by electron microscopy, that occurs in the cytoplasm of many eukaryotic cells. The membranes form a complex meshwork of tubular channels, which are often expanded into slitlike cavities called cisternae. The ER takes two forms, rough (or granular), with ribosomes adhering to the outer surface, and smooth (with no ribosomes attached).
ISBN:0198506732
A membrane-bound cytoplasmic organelle of the endomembrane system that further processes the core oligosaccharides (e.g. N-glycans) added to proteins in the endoplasmic reticulum and packages them into membrane-bound vesicles. The Golgi apparatus operates at the intersection of the secretory, lysosomal, and endocytic pathways.
Golgi
NIF_Subcellular:sao451912436
Wikipedia:Golgi_apparatus
Golgi complex
Golgi ribbon
cellular_component
GO:0005794
Note that the Golgi apparatus can be located in various places in the cytoplasm. In plants and lower animal cells, the Golgi apparatus exists as many copies of discrete stacks dispersed throughout the cytoplasm, while the Golgi apparatus of interphase mammalian cells is a juxtanuclear, often pericentriolar reticulum, where the discrete Golgi stacks are stitched together to form a compact and interconnected ribbon, sometimes called the Golgi ribbon.
Golgi apparatus
A membrane-bound cytoplasmic organelle of the endomembrane system that further processes the core oligosaccharides (e.g. N-glycans) added to proteins in the endoplasmic reticulum and packages them into membrane-bound vesicles. The Golgi apparatus operates at the intersection of the secretory, lysosomal, and endocytic pathways.
ISBN:0198506732
An intracellular structure that can catalyze gamma-tubulin-dependent microtubule nucleation and that can anchor microtubules by interacting with their minus ends, plus ends or sides.
Wikipedia:Microtubule_organizing_center
MTOC
microtubule organising centre
cellular_component
GO:0005815
microtubule organizing center
An intracellular structure that can catalyze gamma-tubulin-dependent microtubule nucleation and that can anchor microtubules by interacting with their minus ends, plus ends or sides.
GOC:vw
ISBN:0815316194
PMID:17072892
PMID:17245416
Wikipedia:Microtubule_organizing_center
An intracellular organelle, about 200 A in diameter, consisting of RNA and protein. It is the site of protein biosynthesis resulting from translation of messenger RNA (mRNA). It consists of two subunits, one large and one small, each containing only protein and RNA. Both the ribosome and its subunits are characterized by their sedimentation coefficients, expressed in Svedberg units (symbol: S). Hence, the prokaryotic ribosome (70S) comprises a large (50S) subunit and a small (30S) subunit, while the eukaryotic ribosome (80S) comprises a large (60S) subunit and a small (40S) subunit. Two sites on the ribosomal large subunit are involved in translation, namely the aminoacyl site (A site) and peptidyl site (P site). Ribosomes from prokaryotes, eukaryotes, mitochondria, and chloroplasts have characteristically distinct ribosomal proteins.
GO:0033279
NIF_Subcellular:sao1429207766
Wikipedia:Ribosome
free ribosome
membrane bound ribosome
cellular_component
ribosomal RNA
GO:0005840
ribosome
An intracellular organelle, about 200 A in diameter, consisting of RNA and protein. It is the site of protein biosynthesis resulting from translation of messenger RNA (mRNA). It consists of two subunits, one large and one small, each containing only protein and RNA. Both the ribosome and its subunits are characterized by their sedimentation coefficients, expressed in Svedberg units (symbol: S). Hence, the prokaryotic ribosome (70S) comprises a large (50S) subunit and a small (30S) subunit, while the eukaryotic ribosome (80S) comprises a large (60S) subunit and a small (40S) subunit. Two sites on the ribosomal large subunit are involved in translation, namely the aminoacyl site (A site) and peptidyl site (P site). Ribosomes from prokaryotes, eukaryotes, mitochondria, and chloroplasts have characteristically distinct ribosomal proteins.
ISBN:0198506732
free ribosome
NIF_Subcellular:sao1139385046
membrane bound ribosome
NIF_Subcellular:sao1291545653
A cellular structure that forms the internal framework of eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells. The cytoskeleton includes intermediate filaments, microfilaments, microtubules, the microtrabecular lattice, and other structures characterized by a polymeric filamentous nature and long-range order within the cell. The various elements of the cytoskeleton not only serve in the maintenance of cellular shape but also have roles in other cellular functions, including cellular movement, cell division, endocytosis, and movement of organelles.
Wikipedia:Cytoskeleton
cellular_component
GO:0005856
cytoskeleton
A cellular structure that forms the internal framework of eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells. The cytoskeleton includes intermediate filaments, microfilaments, microtubules, the microtrabecular lattice, and other structures characterized by a polymeric filamentous nature and long-range order within the cell. The various elements of the cytoskeleton not only serve in the maintenance of cellular shape but also have roles in other cellular functions, including cellular movement, cell division, endocytosis, and movement of organelles.
GOC:mah
PMID:16959967
PMID:27419875
The membrane surrounding a cell that separates the cell from its external environment. It consists of a phospholipid bilayer and associated proteins.
GO:0005887
GO:0005904
juxtamembrane
NIF_Subcellular:sao1663586795
Wikipedia:Cell_membrane
cell membrane
cellular membrane
cytoplasmic membrane
plasmalemma
bacterial inner membrane
inner endospore membrane
integral component of plasma membrane
integral to plasma membrane
plasma membrane lipid bilayer
cellular_component
GO:0005886
plasma membrane
The membrane surrounding a cell that separates the cell from its external environment. It consists of a phospholipid bilayer and associated proteins.
ISBN:0716731363
cellular membrane
NIF_Subcellular:sao6433132645
plasma membrane lipid bilayer
GOC:mah
A protuberance from a cell of an organism that reproduces by budding, which will grow larger and become a separate daughter cell after nuclear division, cytokinesis, and cell wall formation (when appropriate). The daughter cell may completely separate from the mother cell, or the mother and daughter cells may remain associated.
cellular_component
GO:0005933
cellular bud
A protuberance from a cell of an organism that reproduces by budding, which will grow larger and become a separate daughter cell after nuclear division, cytokinesis, and cell wall formation (when appropriate). The daughter cell may completely separate from the mother cell, or the mother and daughter cells may remain associated.
GOC:sgd_curators
The region of a cell that lies just beneath the plasma membrane and often, but not always, contains a network of actin filaments and associated proteins.
https://github.com/geneontology/go-ontology/issues/26298
Wikipedia:Cell_cortex
ectoplasm
cellular_component
cell periphery
peripheral cytoplasm
GO:0005938
cell cortex
The region of a cell that lies just beneath the plasma membrane and often, but not always, contains a network of actin filaments and associated proteins.
GOC:mah
ISBN:0815316194
The chemical reactions and pathways involving carbohydrates, any of a group of organic compounds based of the general formula Cx(H2O)y.
https://github.com/geneontology/go-ontology/issues/22880
jl
2012-10-23T15:40:34Z
GO:0044261
GO:0044723
Wikipedia:Carbohydrate_metabolism
carbohydrate metabolism
biological_process
GO:0005975
carbohydrate metabolic process
The chemical reactions and pathways involving carbohydrates, any of a group of organic compounds based of the general formula Cx(H2O)y.
GOC:mah
ISBN:0198506732
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of precursor metabolites, substances from which energy is derived, and any process involved in the liberation of energy from these substances.
energy pathways
biological_process
intermediary metabolism
metabolic energy generation
GO:0006091
generation of precursor metabolites and energy
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of precursor metabolites, substances from which energy is derived, and any process involved in the liberation of energy from these substances.
GOC:jl
intermediary metabolism
GOC:mah
Any cellular metabolic process involving deoxyribonucleic acid. This is one of the two main types of nucleic acid, consisting of a long, unbranched macromolecule formed from one, or more commonly, two, strands of linked deoxyribonucleotides.
GO:0055132
DNA metabolism
cellular DNA metabolism
biological_process
GO:0006259
DNA metabolic process
Any cellular metabolic process involving deoxyribonucleic acid. This is one of the two main types of nucleic acid, consisting of a long, unbranched macromolecule formed from one, or more commonly, two, strands of linked deoxyribonucleotides.
ISBN:0198506732
The cellular metabolic process in which a protein is formed, using the sequence of a mature mRNA or circRNA molecule to specify the sequence of amino acids in a polypeptide chain. Translation is mediated by the ribosome, and begins with the formation of a ternary complex between aminoacylated initiator methionine tRNA, GTP, and initiation factor 2, which subsequently associates with the small subunit of the ribosome and an mRNA or circRNA. Translation ends with the release of a polypeptide chain from the ribosome.
GO:0006416
GO:0006453
GO:0043037
Wikipedia:Translation_(genetics)
protein anabolism
protein biosynthesis
protein biosynthetic process
protein formation
protein synthesis
protein translation
biological_process
GO:0006412
translation
The cellular metabolic process in which a protein is formed, using the sequence of a mature mRNA or circRNA molecule to specify the sequence of amino acids in a polypeptide chain. Translation is mediated by the ribosome, and begins with the formation of a ternary complex between aminoacylated initiator methionine tRNA, GTP, and initiation factor 2, which subsequently associates with the small subunit of the ribosome and an mRNA or circRNA. Translation ends with the release of a polypeptide chain from the ribosome.
GOC:go_curators
The process of assisting in the covalent and noncovalent assembly of single chain polypeptides or multisubunit complexes into the correct tertiary structure.
https://github.com/geneontology/go-ontology/issues/25673
GO:0007022
GO:0007024
GO:0007025
Wikipedia:Protein_folding
alpha-tubulin folding
beta-tubulin folding
chaperonin-mediated tubulin folding
biological_process
chaperone activity
chaperonin ATPase activity
co-chaperone activity
co-chaperonin activity
glycoprotein-specific chaperone activity
non-chaperonin molecular chaperone ATPase activity
protein complex assembly, multichaperone pathway
GO:0006457
protein folding
The process of assisting in the covalent and noncovalent assembly of single chain polypeptides or multisubunit complexes into the correct tertiary structure.
GOC:go_curators
GOC:rb
alpha-tubulin folding
GOC:mah
beta-tubulin folding
GOC:mah
chaperonin-mediated tubulin folding
GOC:mah
The chemical reactions and pathways involving lipids, compounds soluble in an organic solvent but not, or sparingly, in an aqueous solvent. Includes fatty acids; neutral fats, other fatty-acid esters, and soaps; long-chain (fatty) alcohols and waxes; sphingoids and other long-chain bases; glycolipids, phospholipids and sphingolipids; and carotenes, polyprenols, sterols, terpenes and other isoprenoids.
Wikipedia:Lipid_metabolism
lipid metabolism
biological_process
GO:0006629
lipid metabolic process
The chemical reactions and pathways involving lipids, compounds soluble in an organic solvent but not, or sparingly, in an aqueous solvent. Includes fatty acids; neutral fats, other fatty-acid esters, and soaps; long-chain (fatty) alcohols and waxes; sphingoids and other long-chain bases; glycolipids, phospholipids and sphingolipids; and carotenes, polyprenols, sterols, terpenes and other isoprenoids.
GOC:ma
The chemical reactions and pathways involving vitamins. Vitamin is a general term for a number of unrelated organic substances that occur in many foods in small amounts and that are necessary in trace amounts for the normal metabolic functioning of the body. Vitamins may be water-soluble or fat-soluble and usually serve as components of coenzyme systems.
vitamin metabolism
biological_process
GO:0006766
vitamin metabolic process
The chemical reactions and pathways involving vitamins. Vitamin is a general term for a number of unrelated organic substances that occur in many foods in small amounts and that are necessary in trace amounts for the normal metabolic functioning of the body. Vitamins may be water-soluble or fat-soluble and usually serve as components of coenzyme systems.
GOC:ai
The directed movement of substances (such as macromolecules, small molecules, ions) or cellular components (such as complexes and organelles) into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, or within a multicellular organism by means of some agent such as a transporter or a transporter complex, a pore or a motor protein.
https://github.com/geneontology/go-ontology/issues/20292
jl
2012-12-13T16:25:32Z
GO:0015457
GO:0015460
GO:0044765
biological_process
single-organism transport
GO:0006810
Note that this term should not be used for direct annotation. It should be possible to make a more specific annotation to one of the children of this term, for e.g. to transmembrane transport, to microtubule-based transport or to vesicle-mediated transport.
transport
The directed movement of substances (such as macromolecules, small molecules, ions) or cellular components (such as complexes and organelles) into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, or within a multicellular organism by means of some agent such as a transporter or a transporter complex, a pore or a motor protein.
GOC:dos
GOC:dph
GOC:jl
GOC:mah
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a disturbance in organismal or cellular homeostasis, usually, but not necessarily, exogenous (e.g. temperature, humidity, ionizing radiation).
biological_process
response to abiotic stress
response to biotic stress
GO:0006950
Note that this term is in the subset of terms that should not be used for direct gene product annotation. Instead, select a child term or, if no appropriate child term exists, please request a new term. Direct annotations to this term may be amended during annotation QC.
response to stress
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a disturbance in organismal or cellular homeostasis, usually, but not necessarily, exogenous (e.g. temperature, humidity, ionizing radiation).
GOC:mah
A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of an organelle within a cell. An organelle is an organized structure of distinctive morphology and function. Includes the nucleus, mitochondria, plastids, vacuoles, vesicles, ribosomes and the cytoskeleton. Excludes the plasma membrane.
jl
2013-12-19T15:25:51Z
GO:1902589
organelle organisation
single organism organelle organization
biological_process
organelle organization and biogenesis
single-organism organelle organization
GO:0006996
organelle organization
A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of an organelle within a cell. An organelle is an organized structure of distinctive morphology and function. Includes the nucleus, mitochondria, plastids, vacuoles, vesicles, ribosomes and the cytoskeleton. Excludes the plasma membrane.
GOC:mah
single organism organelle organization
GOC:TermGenie
organelle organization and biogenesis
GOC:dph
GOC:jl
GOC:mah
A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of the nucleus.
GO:0048287
nuclear organisation
nuclear organization
biological_process
nuclear morphology
nuclear organization and biogenesis
nucleus organization and biogenesis
GO:0006997
nucleus organization
A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of the nucleus.
GOC:dph
GOC:ems
GOC:jl
GOC:mah
nuclear organization and biogenesis
GOC:mah
nucleus organization and biogenesis
GOC:mah
A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of cytoskeletal structures.
cytoskeleton organisation
biological_process
cytoskeletal organization and biogenesis
cytoskeletal regulator activity
cytoskeleton organization and biogenesis
GO:0007010
cytoskeleton organization
A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of cytoskeletal structures.
GOC:dph
GOC:jl
GOC:mah
cytoskeletal organization and biogenesis
GOC:mah
cytoskeleton organization and biogenesis
GOC:mah
The progression of biochemical and morphological phases and events that occur in a cell during successive cell replication or nuclear replication events. Canonically, the cell cycle comprises the replication and segregation of genetic material followed by the division of the cell, but in endocycles or syncytial cells nuclear replication or nuclear division may not be followed by cell division.
Wikipedia:Cell_cycle
cell-division cycle
biological_process
GO:0007049
cell cycle
The progression of biochemical and morphological phases and events that occur in a cell during successive cell replication or nuclear replication events. Canonically, the cell cycle comprises the replication and segregation of genetic material followed by the division of the cell, but in endocycles or syncytial cells nuclear replication or nuclear division may not be followed by cell division.
GOC:go_curators
GOC:mtg_cell_cycle
A form of asexual reproduction, occurring in certain bacteria and fungi (e.g. yeasts) and some primitive animals in which an individual arises from a daughter cell formed by pinching off a part of the parent cell. The budlike outgrowths so formed may sometimes remain attached to the parent cell.
budding
biological_process
GO:0007114
cell budding
A form of asexual reproduction, occurring in certain bacteria and fungi (e.g. yeasts) and some primitive animals in which an individual arises from a daughter cell formed by pinching off a part of the parent cell. The budlike outgrowths so formed may sometimes remain attached to the parent cell.
ISBN:0198506732
The process in which cells grow as a chain of physically attached, elongated cells in response to an environmental stimulus or stimuli.
biological_process
GO:0007124
pseudohyphal growth
The process in which cells grow as a chain of physically attached, elongated cells in response to an environmental stimulus or stimuli.
GOC:krc
PMID:11104818
PMID:19347739
PMID:24710476
The attachment of a cell, either to another cell or to an underlying substrate such as the extracellular matrix, via cell adhesion molecules.
dos
2014-04-15T15:59:10Z
GO:0098602
Wikipedia:Cell_adhesion
biological_process
cell adhesion molecule activity
single organism cell adhesion
GO:0007155
cell adhesion
The attachment of a cell, either to another cell or to an underlying substrate such as the extracellular matrix, via cell adhesion molecules.
GOC:hb
GOC:pf
The cellular process in which a signal is conveyed to trigger a change in the activity or state of a cell. Signal transduction begins with reception of a signal (e.g. a ligand binding to a receptor or receptor activation by a stimulus such as light), or for signal transduction in the absence of ligand, signal-withdrawal or the activity of a constitutively active receptor. Signal transduction ends with regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. regulation of transcription or regulation of a metabolic process. Signal transduction covers signaling from receptors located on the surface of the cell and signaling via molecules located within the cell. For signaling between cells, signal transduction is restricted to events at and within the receiving cell.
GO:0023014
GO:0023015
GO:0023016
GO:0023033
GO:0023045
Wikipedia:Signal_transduction
signal transduction by cis-phosphorylation
signal transduction by conformational transition
signal transduction by protein phosphorylation
signal transduction by trans-phosphorylation
signaling cascade
signalling cascade
biological_process
signaling pathway
signalling pathway
GO:0007165
Note that signal transduction is defined broadly to include a ligand interacting with a receptor, downstream signaling steps and a response being triggered. A change in form of the signal in every step is not necessary. Note that in many cases the end of this process is regulation of the initiation of transcription. Note that specific transcription factors may be annotated to this term, but core/general transcription machinery such as RNA polymerase should not.
signal transduction
The cellular process in which a signal is conveyed to trigger a change in the activity or state of a cell. Signal transduction begins with reception of a signal (e.g. a ligand binding to a receptor or receptor activation by a stimulus such as light), or for signal transduction in the absence of ligand, signal-withdrawal or the activity of a constitutively active receptor. Signal transduction ends with regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. regulation of transcription or regulation of a metabolic process. Signal transduction covers signaling from receptors located on the surface of the cell and signaling via molecules located within the cell. For signaling between cells, signal transduction is restricted to events at and within the receiving cell.
GOC:go_curators
GOC:mtg_signaling_feb11
signalling pathway
GOC:mah
A biological process is the execution of a genetically-encoded biological module or program. It consists of all the steps required to achieve the specific biological objective of the module. A biological process is accomplished by a particular set of molecular functions carried out by specific gene products (or macromolecular complexes), often in a highly regulated manner and in a particular temporal sequence.
https://github.com/geneontology/go-ontology/issues/24968
jl
2012-09-19T15:05:24Z
GO:0000004
GO:0007582
GO:0044699
Wikipedia:Biological_process
biological process
physiological process
biological_process
single organism process
single-organism process
GO:0008150
Note that, in addition to forming the root of the biological process ontology, this term is recommended for the annotation of gene products whose biological process is unknown. When this term is used for annotation, it indicates that no information was available about the biological process of the gene product annotated as of the date the annotation was made; the evidence code 'no data' (ND), is used to indicate this.
biological_process
A biological process is the execution of a genetically-encoded biological module or program. It consists of all the steps required to achieve the specific biological objective of the module. A biological process is accomplished by a particular set of molecular functions carried out by specific gene products (or macromolecular complexes), often in a highly regulated manner and in a particular temporal sequence.
GOC:pdt
Catalysis of the hydrolysis of a peptide bond. A peptide bond is a covalent bond formed when the carbon atom from the carboxyl group of one amino acid shares electrons with the nitrogen atom from the amino group of a second amino acid.
GO:0070010
GO:0070011
EC:3.4.-.-
Reactome:R-HSA-205112
Reactome:R-HSA-3000243
Reactome:R-HSA-3000263
Reactome:R-HSA-3065958
Reactome:R-HSA-3065959
Reactome:R-HSA-3139027
Reactome:R-HSA-376149
Reactome:R-HSA-4167501
Reactome:R-HSA-448678
Reactome:R-HSA-5655483
Reactome:R-HSA-5684864
Reactome:R-HSA-5685902
Reactome:R-HSA-6803060
hydrolase, acting on peptide bonds
peptide hydrolase activity
protease activity
peptidase activity, acting on D-amino acid peptides
peptidase activity, acting on L-amino acid peptides
proteinase activity
molecular_function
GO:0008233
peptidase activity
Catalysis of the hydrolysis of a peptide bond. A peptide bond is a covalent bond formed when the carbon atom from the carboxyl group of one amino acid shares electrons with the nitrogen atom from the amino group of a second amino acid.
GOC:jl
ISBN:0815332181
Reactome:R-HSA-205112
gamma-secretase cleaves p75NTR, releasing NRIF and TRAF6
Reactome:R-HSA-3000243
Unknown lysosomal protease degrades CBLIF:RCbl to release Cbl
Reactome:R-HSA-3000263
TCN2:RCbl is degraded to release RCbl
Reactome:R-HSA-3065958
An unknown protease degrades ACACA
Reactome:R-HSA-3065959
An unknown protease degrades hCBXs
Reactome:R-HSA-3139027
Maturation of HIV Virion
Reactome:R-HSA-376149
Proteolytic processing of SLIT
Reactome:R-HSA-4167501
An unknown protease degrades ACACB
Reactome:R-HSA-448678
CTSG cleaves CASP1(1-404)
Reactome:R-HSA-5655483
USP1 autocleavage
Reactome:R-HSA-5684864
NAPSA, CTSH, PGA3-5 cleave pro-SFTPB
Reactome:R-HSA-5685902
NAPSA, CTSH, PGA3-5 cleave pro-SFTPC
Reactome:R-HSA-6803060
DCD(63-110) is processed to DCD(63-109)
Binding to a lipid.
molecular_function
GO:0008289
lipid binding
Binding to a lipid.
GOC:ai
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus from a xenobiotic, a compound foreign to the organim exposed to it. It may be synthesized by another organism (like ampicilin) or it can be a synthetic chemical.
https://github.com/geneontology/go-ontology/issues/19460
GO:0017035
GO:0017104
GO:0042493
biological_process
drug resistance
drug susceptibility/resistance
response to drug
GO:0009410
response to xenobiotic stimulus
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus from a xenobiotic, a compound foreign to the organim exposed to it. It may be synthesized by another organism (like ampicilin) or it can be a synthetic chemical.
GOC:jl
GOC:krc
A collection of membranous structures involved in transport within the cell. The main components of the endomembrane system are endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi bodies, vesicles, cell membrane and nuclear envelope. Members of the endomembrane system pass materials through each other or though the use of vesicles.
Wikipedia:Endomembrane_system
cellular_component
GO:0012505
endomembrane system
A collection of membranous structures involved in transport within the cell. The main components of the endomembrane system are endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi bodies, vesicles, cell membrane and nuclear envelope. Members of the endomembrane system pass materials through each other or though the use of vesicles.
GOC:lh
A lipid bilayer along with all the proteins and protein complexes embedded in it and attached to it.
2014-03-06T11:37:54Z
GO:0016021
GO:0098589
GO:0098805
Wikipedia:Biological_membrane
Wikipedia:Transmembrane_protein
integral component of membrane
integral to membrane
membrane region
region of membrane
whole membrane
cellular_component
transmembrane
GO:0016020
membrane
A lipid bilayer along with all the proteins and protein complexes embedded in it and attached to it.
GOC:dos
GOC:mah
ISBN:0815316194
transmembrane
GOC:mah
The cellular chemical reactions and pathways involving RNA, ribonucleic acid, one of the two main type of nucleic acid, consisting of a long, unbranched macromolecule formed from ribonucleotides joined in 3',5'-phosphodiester linkage.
RNA metabolism
biological_process
GO:0016070
RNA metabolic process
The cellular chemical reactions and pathways involving RNA, ribonucleic acid, one of the two main type of nucleic acid, consisting of a long, unbranched macromolecule formed from ribonucleotides joined in 3',5'-phosphodiester linkage.
ISBN:0198506732
A cellular transport process in which transported substances are moved in membrane-bounded vesicles; transported substances are enclosed in the vesicle lumen or located in the vesicle membrane. The process begins with a step that directs a substance to the forming vesicle, and includes vesicle budding and coating. Vesicles are then targeted to, and fuse with, an acceptor membrane.
https://github.com/geneontology/go-ontology/issues/25421
GO:0006899
vesicle transport
vesicular transport
nonselective vesicle transport
biological_process
protein sorting along secretory pathway
vesicle trafficking
GO:0016192
vesicle-mediated transport
A cellular transport process in which transported substances are moved in membrane-bounded vesicles; transported substances are enclosed in the vesicle lumen or located in the vesicle membrane. The process begins with a step that directs a substance to the forming vesicle, and includes vesicle budding and coating. Vesicles are then targeted to, and fuse with, an acceptor membrane.
GOC:ai
GOC:mah
ISBN:08789310662000
vesicular transport
GOC:mah
Catalysis of an oxidation-reduction (redox) reaction, a reversible chemical reaction in which the oxidation state of an atom or atoms within a molecule is altered. One substrate acts as a hydrogen or electron donor and becomes oxidized, while the other acts as hydrogen or electron acceptor and becomes reduced.
EC:1.-.-.-
Reactome:R-HSA-1614362
Reactome:R-HSA-209921
Reactome:R-HSA-209960
Reactome:R-HSA-3095889
Reactome:R-HSA-390425
Reactome:R-HSA-390438
Reactome:R-HSA-5662660
Reactome:R-HSA-8878581
Reactome:R-HSA-8936442
Reactome:R-HSA-9020249
Reactome:R-HSA-9020260
Reactome:R-HSA-9024624
Reactome:R-HSA-9024630
Reactome:R-HSA-9025007
Reactome:R-HSA-9026001
Reactome:R-HSA-9026917
Reactome:R-HSA-9027033
Reactome:R-HSA-9693722
redox activity
oxidoreductase activity, acting on other substrates
molecular_function
GO:0016491
oxidoreductase activity
Catalysis of an oxidation-reduction (redox) reaction, a reversible chemical reaction in which the oxidation state of an atom or atoms within a molecule is altered. One substrate acts as a hydrogen or electron donor and becomes oxidized, while the other acts as hydrogen or electron acceptor and becomes reduced.
GOC:go_curators
Reactome:R-HSA-1614362
SUMF1 mediates the oxidation of cysteine to formylglycine, producing active arylsulfatases
Reactome:R-HSA-209921
Monoiodinated tyrosine can be deiodinated
Reactome:R-HSA-209960
Diiodinated tyrosine can be deiodinated
Reactome:R-HSA-3095889
MMACHC dealkylates RCbl
Reactome:R-HSA-390425
FAR1 reduces PalmCoA to HXOL
Reactome:R-HSA-390438
FAR2 reduces PalmCoA to HXOL
Reactome:R-HSA-5662660
Dopachrome is transformed to DHICA by DCT
Reactome:R-HSA-8878581
TYRP1 oxidises DHICA to IQCA
Reactome:R-HSA-8936442
MARC1,MARC2 reduce N-hydroxylated compounds
Reactome:R-HSA-9020249
Hydroperoxy reductase reduces 4(S)-Hp-17(S)-HDHA to RvD6
Reactome:R-HSA-9020260
Hydroperoxy reducatse reduces 7(S)-Hp-17(S)-HDHA to RvD5
Reactome:R-HSA-9024624
Hydroperoxy reductase reduces 4(S)-Hp-17(R)-HDHA to AT-RvD6
Reactome:R-HSA-9024630
Hydroperoxy reductase reduces 7(S)-Hp-17(R)-HDHA to AT-RvD5
Reactome:R-HSA-9025007
Hydroperoxy reductase reduces 7(S),14(S)-diHp-DHA to 7-epi-MaR1
Reactome:R-HSA-9026001
Hydroperoxy reductase reduces 7,17-diHp-DPAn-3 to RvD5n-3DPA
Reactome:R-HSA-9026917
Lipoxygenase dehydrogenates 7(S),17(S)-diHp-DHA to 7S(8)-epoxy-17(S)-HDHA
Reactome:R-HSA-9027033
Hydroperoxy reducatase reduces 14(S)-Hp-DHA to 14(S)-HDHA
Reactome:R-HSA-9693722
Unknown sepiapterin synthase transforms PTHP to sepiapterin
Catalysis of the transfer of a group, e.g. a methyl group, glycosyl group, acyl group, phosphorus-containing, or other groups, from one compound (generally regarded as the donor) to another compound (generally regarded as the acceptor). Transferase is the systematic name for any enzyme of EC class 2.
EC:2.-.-.-
Reactome:R-HSA-1483089
Reactome:R-HSA-1483186
Reactome:R-HSA-5668414
Reactome:R-HSA-8868783
molecular_function
GO:0016740
transferase activity
Catalysis of the transfer of a group, e.g. a methyl group, glycosyl group, acyl group, phosphorus-containing, or other groups, from one compound (generally regarded as the donor) to another compound (generally regarded as the acceptor). Transferase is the systematic name for any enzyme of EC class 2.
ISBN:0198506732
Reactome:R-HSA-1483089
PE is converted to PS by PTDSS2
Reactome:R-HSA-1483186
PC is converted to PS by PTDSS1
Reactome:R-HSA-5668414
TRAF2 ubiquitinates cIAP1,2 in cIAP1,2:TRAF1:TRAF2:TRAF3:NIK
Reactome:R-HSA-8868783
TSR3 transfers aminocarboxypropyl group from S-adenosylmethionine to N(1)-methylpseudouridine-1248 of 18SE rRNA yielding N(1)-methyl-N(3)-aminocarboxypropylpseudouridine-1248
Catalysis of the transfer of a nucleotidyl group to a reactant.
EC:2.7.7.-
Reactome:R-HSA-6782434
molecular_function
GO:0016779
nucleotidyltransferase activity
Catalysis of the transfer of a nucleotidyl group to a reactant.
ISBN:0198506732
Reactome:R-HSA-6782434
THG1L transfers GMP to 5' end of tRNA(His)
Catalysis of the hydrolysis of various bonds, e.g. C-O, C-N, C-C, phosphoric anhydride bonds, etc.
EC:3.-.-.-
Reactome:R-HSA-1236938
Reactome:R-HSA-2029475
Reactome:R-HSA-5694583
Reactome:R-HSA-5695964
Reactome:R-HSA-6786190
Reactome:R-HSA-6788295
Reactome:R-HSA-8938314
Reactome:R-HSA-8952137
molecular_function
GO:0016787
hydrolase activity
Catalysis of the hydrolysis of various bonds, e.g. C-O, C-N, C-C, phosphoric anhydride bonds, etc.
ISBN:0198506732
Reactome:R-HSA-1236938
Partial proteolysis of antigen in phagolysosomes
Reactome:R-HSA-2029475
Production of AA by iPLA2 upon FCGR activation
Reactome:R-HSA-5694583
ABHD4 hydrolyses NAPE
Reactome:R-HSA-5695964
ABHD14B hydrolyses PNPB
Reactome:R-HSA-6786190
CMBL hydrolyses OM to OLMS
Reactome:R-HSA-6788295
HDHD1:Mg2+ dephosphorylates PURIDP
Reactome:R-HSA-8938314
ENPPs hydrolyse CoA-SH to PPANT, PAP
Reactome:R-HSA-8952137
Phospholipid phosphatase 6 hydrolyses Presqualene diphosphate to presqualene monophosphate
Catalysis of the hydrolysis of phosphoric monoesters, releasing phosphate ions.
https://github.com/geneontology/go-ontology/issues/25755
GO:0003869
GO:0016302
EC:3.1.3.-
Reactome:R-HSA-4419986
Reactome:R-HSA-9636457
Reactome:R-HSA-9837419
phosphoric monoester hydrolase activity
molecular_function
phosphatase
GO:0016791
phosphatase activity
Catalysis of the hydrolysis of phosphoric monoesters, releasing phosphate ions.
GOC:curators
GOC:pg
Reactome:R-HSA-4419986
Unknown pPPP phosphatase dephosphorylates pPPP to pPNOL
Reactome:R-HSA-9636457
SapM dephosphorylates PI3P
Reactome:R-HSA-9837419
PANK4 hydrolyzes PPANT to pantetheine
Catalysis of the cleavage of C-C, C-O, C-N and other bonds by other means than by hydrolysis or oxidation, or conversely adding a group to a double bond. They differ from other enzymes in that two substrates are involved in one reaction direction, but only one in the other direction. When acting on the single substrate, a molecule is eliminated and this generates either a new double bond or a new ring.
EC:4.-.-.-
Reactome:R-HSA-5696408
Reactome:R-HSA-6782895
molecular_function
GO:0016829
lyase activity
Catalysis of the cleavage of C-C, C-O, C-N and other bonds by other means than by hydrolysis or oxidation, or conversely adding a group to a double bond. They differ from other enzymes in that two substrates are involved in one reaction direction, but only one in the other direction. When acting on the single substrate, a molecule is eliminated and this generates either a new double bond or a new ring.
ISBN:0198547684
Reactome:R-HSA-5696408
PXLP-K278-PHYKPL tetramer hydrolyses 5PHL
Reactome:R-HSA-6782895
TYW1:FMN:4Fe-4S transforms 1-methylguanosine yielding yW-187 (4-demethylwyosine) at nucleotide 37 of tRNA(Phe)
Catalysis of the geometric or structural changes within one molecule. Isomerase is the systematic name for any enzyme of EC class 5.
EC:5.-.-.-
Reactome:R-HSA-6787623
other isomerase activity
molecular_function
GO:0016853
isomerase activity
Catalysis of the geometric or structural changes within one molecule. Isomerase is the systematic name for any enzyme of EC class 5.
ISBN:0198506732
Reactome:R-HSA-6787623
TSTA3 dimer epimerises GDP-DHDMan to GDP-KDGal
Catalysis of the joining of two molecules, or two groups within a single molecule, using the energy from the hydrolysis of ATP, a similar triphosphate, or a pH gradient.
https://github.com/geneontology/go-ontology/issues/19380
EC:6.-.-.-
synthetase activity
molecular_function
GO:0016874
ligase activity
Catalysis of the joining of two molecules, or two groups within a single molecule, using the energy from the hydrolysis of ATP, a similar triphosphate, or a pH gradient.
GOC:mah
synthetase activity
GOC:jh2
Any process involved in the maintenance of an internal steady state at the level of the cell.
biological_process
GO:0019725
cellular homeostasis
Any process involved in the maintenance of an internal steady state at the level of the cell.
GOC:isa_complete
GOC:jl
ISBN:0395825172
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a protein by the destruction of the native, active configuration, with or without the hydrolysis of peptide bonds.
https://github.com/geneontology/go-ontology/issues/23112
GO:0044254
GO:0044257
Wikipedia:Protein_catabolism
cellular protein breakdown
cellular protein catabolic process
cellular protein catabolism
cellular protein degradation
protein breakdown
protein catabolism
protein degradation
multicellular organismal protein catabolic process
biological_process
pheromone catabolic process
pheromone catabolism
GO:0030163
This term refers to the breakdown of mature proteins. For cleavage events involved in generating a mature protein from a precursor, consider instead the term 'protein maturation ; GO:0051604' and its children.
protein catabolic process
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a protein by the destruction of the native, active configuration, with or without the hydrolysis of peptide bonds.
GOC:mah
Binds to and modulates the activity of an enzyme.
GO:0010576
catalytic regulator activity
enzyme modulator
metalloenzyme regulator activity
molecular_function
GO:0030234
This term should only be used in cases when the regulator directly interacts with the enzyme.
enzyme regulator activity
Binds to and modulates the activity of an enzyme.
GOC:dph
GOC:mah
GOC:tb
catalytic regulator activity
GOC:dph
Any part of a cell where non-isotropic growth takes place.
GO:0000134
GO:0030483
cellular_component
GO:0030427
site of polarized growth
Any part of a cell where non-isotropic growth takes place.
GOC:mah
The process in which a multicellular organism, a unicellular organism or a group of unicellular organisms grow in a threadlike, filamentous shape.
biological_process
GO:0030447
filamentous growth
The process in which a multicellular organism, a unicellular organism or a group of unicellular organisms grow in a threadlike, filamentous shape.
GOC:mcc
PMID:11729141
Growth of fungi as threadlike, tubular structures that may contain multiple nuclei and may or may not be divided internally by septa, or cross-walls.
https://github.com/geneontology/go-ontology/issues/19013
GO:0075061
formation of symbiont invasive hypha in host
formation of symbiont invasive hypha within host
formation of symbiont invasive hypha within host during symbiotic interaction
invasive hyphal growth
symbiont invasive hypha formation within host
biological_process
GO:0030448
hyphal growth
Growth of fungi as threadlike, tubular structures that may contain multiple nuclei and may or may not be divided internally by septa, or cross-walls.
GOC:mcc
ISBN:0471522295
The codon binding activity of a tRNA that positions an activated amino acid, mediating its insertion at the correct point in the sequence of a nascent polypeptide chain during protein synthesis.
molecular_function
tRNA
transfer RNA
GO:0030533
Note that this term can be used in place of the obsolete term 'transfer RNA ; GO:0005563'.
triplet codon-amino acid adaptor activity
The codon binding activity of a tRNA that positions an activated amino acid, mediating its insertion at the correct point in the sequence of a nascent polypeptide chain during protein synthesis.
GOC:hjd
GOC:mtg_MIT_16mar07
ISBN:0198506732
A vesicle found in the cytoplasm of a cell.
GO:0016023
NIF_Subcellular:sao180601769
cellular_component
cytoplasmic membrane bounded vesicle
cytoplasmic membrane-enclosed vesicle
cytoplasmic, membrane-bounded vesicle
GO:0031410
cytoplasmic vesicle
A vesicle found in the cytoplasm of a cell.
GOC:ai
GOC:mah
GOC:vesicles
Any process involved in mediating the movement of discrete segments of DNA between nonhomologous sites. For elements that are transcribed as the first step of transposition, the process starts with the transcription of the transposable element, its translation and maturation, and ending with integration into DNA. For elements that are cut out, the process starts with the excision of the donor DNA and integrated into another site.
Wikipedia:Transposon
biological_process
GO:0032196
transposition
Any process involved in mediating the movement of discrete segments of DNA between nonhomologous sites. For elements that are transcribed as the first step of transposition, the process starts with the transcription of the transposable element, its translation and maturation, and ending with integration into DNA. For elements that are cut out, the process starts with the excision of the donor DNA and integrated into another site.
ISBN:1555812090
PMID:14682279
PMID:25893143
The covalent alteration of one or more amino acids occurring in proteins, peptides and nascent polypeptides (co-translational, post-translational modifications). Includes the modification of charged tRNAs that are destined to occur in a protein (pre-translation modification).
https://github.com/geneontology/go-ontology/issues/23112
bf
2012-04-26T01:47:12Z
GO:0006464
cellular protein modification process
process resulting in protein modification
protein modification
biological_process
GO:0036211
protein modification process
The covalent alteration of one or more amino acids occurring in proteins, peptides and nascent polypeptides (co-translational, post-translational modifications). Includes the modification of charged tRNAs that are destined to occur in a protein (pre-translation modification).
GOC:bf
GOC:jl
protein modification
GOC:bf
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a chemical stimulus.
response to chemical stimulus
response to chemical substance
biological_process
GO:0042221
Note that this term is in the subset of terms that should not be used for direct gene product annotation. Instead, select a child term or, if no appropriate child term exists, please request a new term. Direct annotations to this term may be amended during annotation QC.
response to chemical
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a chemical stimulus.
GOC:jl
response to chemical stimulus
GOC:dos
A cellular process that results in the biosynthesis of constituent macromolecules, assembly, and arrangement of constituent parts of ribosome subunits; includes transport to the sites of protein synthesis.
GO:0007046
ribosome biogenesis and assembly
biological_process
GO:0042254
ribosome biogenesis
A cellular process that results in the biosynthesis of constituent macromolecules, assembly, and arrangement of constituent parts of ribosome subunits; includes transport to the sites of protein synthesis.
GOC:ma
PMID:26404467
Wikipedia:Ribosome_biogenesis
A process in which planktonically growing microorganisms grow at a liquid-air interface or on a solid substrate under the flow of a liquid and produce extracellular polymers that facilitate matrix formation, resulting in a change in the organisms' growth rate and gene transcription.
https://github.com/geneontology/go-ontology/issues/17727
biological_process
GO:0042710
biofilm formation
A process in which planktonically growing microorganisms grow at a liquid-air interface or on a solid substrate under the flow of a liquid and produce extracellular polymers that facilitate matrix formation, resulting in a change in the organisms' growth rate and gene transcription.
GOC:di
PMID:11932229
Any process evolved to enable an interaction with an organism of a different species.
https://github.com/geneontology/go-ontology/issues/20191
interaction with another species
interspecies interaction
interspecies interaction between organisms
interspecies interaction with other organisms
biological_process
GO:0044419
biological process involved in interspecies interaction between organisms
Any process evolved to enable an interaction with an organism of a different species.
GOC:cc
Any molecular function involved in the initiation, activation, perpetuation, repression or termination of polypeptide synthesis at the ribosome.
translation factor activity
molecular_function
GO:0045182
translation regulator activity
Any molecular function involved in the initiation, activation, perpetuation, repression or termination of polypeptide synthesis at the ribosome.
GOC:ai
The enzymatic release of energy from inorganic and organic compounds (especially carbohydrates and fats) which either requires oxygen (aerobic respiration) or does not (anaerobic respiration).
respiration
Wikipedia:Cellular_respiration
oxidative metabolic process
oxidative metabolism
biological_process
GO:0045333
cellular respiration
The enzymatic release of energy from inorganic and organic compounds (especially carbohydrates and fats) which either requires oxygen (aerobic respiration) or does not (anaerobic respiration).
GOC:das
ISBN:0140513590
ISBN:0198506732
The cellular developmental process in which a specific cell progresses from an immature to a mature state. Cell development start once cell commitment has taken place.
https://github.com/geneontology/go-ontology/issues/24390
biological_process
terminal differentiation
GO:0048468
cell development
The cellular developmental process in which a specific cell progresses from an immature to a mature state. Cell development start once cell commitment has taken place.
GOC:go_curators
terminal differentiation
GOC:dph
GOC:tb
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of a biological process. Biological processes are regulated by many means; examples include the control of gene expression, protein modification or interaction with a protein or substrate molecule.
GO:0050791
regulation of physiological process
biological_process
GO:0050789
regulation of biological process
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of a biological process. Biological processes are regulated by many means; examples include the control of gene expression, protein modification or interaction with a protein or substrate molecule.
GOC:ai
GOC:go_curators
An organelle envelope that surrounds the chromosomes and the central part of the spindle apparatus during mitosis and meiosis; observed in many invertebrates. The spindle envelope consists of membrane layers, called parafusorial membranes, derived from endoplasmic reticulum membrane; in male meiosis it forms during prometaphase and persists until early in the ensuing interphase.
mah
2009-06-18T12:00:59Z
cellular_component
GO:0070732
spindle envelope
An organelle envelope that surrounds the chromosomes and the central part of the spindle apparatus during mitosis and meiosis; observed in many invertebrates. The spindle envelope consists of membrane layers, called parafusorial membranes, derived from endoplasmic reticulum membrane; in male meiosis it forms during prometaphase and persists until early in the ensuing interphase.
GOC:mah
GOC:sart
PMID:19417004
PMID:6428889
A filamentous growth process in which cells remain attached after division and form thread-like filaments that may penetrate into a solid growth medium such as an agar plate, exhibited by unicellular fungi under certain growth conditions.
mah
2009-07-07T02:21:14Z
biological_process
GO:0070783
growth of unicellular organism as a thread of attached cells
A filamentous growth process in which cells remain attached after division and form thread-like filaments that may penetrate into a solid growth medium such as an agar plate, exhibited by unicellular fungi under certain growth conditions.
GOC:mah
GOC:mcc
A process that results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of the cell wall, the rigid or semi-rigid envelope lying outside the cell membrane of plant, fungal and most prokaryotic cells, maintaining their shape and protecting them from osmotic lysis.
mah
2010-01-13T03:33:07Z
GO:0007047
GO:0044234
cell wall organisation
cell wall organisation in other organism
cell wall organization at cellular level
cell wall organization in other organism
cellular cell wall organisation
cellular cell wall organization
biological_process
cell wall organization and biogenesis
GO:0071555
cell wall organization
A process that results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of the cell wall, the rigid or semi-rigid envelope lying outside the cell membrane of plant, fungal and most prokaryotic cells, maintaining their shape and protecting them from osmotic lysis.
GOC:mah
cell wall organisation in other organism
GOC:mah
cell wall organization at cellular level
GOC:mah
cell wall organization and biogenesis
GOC:mah
BFO:0000062
external
preceded_by
preceded_by
preceded by
BFO:0000063
external
precedes
precedes
precedes
cjm
2012-03-14T10:35:44Z
GOREL:0000040
external
results_in
results_in
This relation is currently used to connect two regulation processes p1 and p2, such that if r1 regulates p1 and r2 regulates p2, and r1 results_in r2 then the regulation of p1 is required for the regulation of p2. For an example of use, see GO:0035958 'regulation of glyoxylate cycle by regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter'. Note that a precise definition of this relation is under discussion. After it has been formalized it will be added to RO, where it will have a RO ID. Note that the existing identifier and label are subject to change.
results in
GOREL:0001019
external
results_in_division_of
results_in_division_of
use occurs_in
results in division of
GOREL:0002003
external
results_in_distribution_of
results_in_distribution_of
results in distribution of
GOREL:0002004
external
results_in_fission_of
results_in_fission_of
results in fission of
GOREL:0012006
external
results_in_maintenance_of
results_in_maintenance_of
results in maintenance of
RO:0000053
external
bearer_of
bearer_of
bearer of
RO:0000056
external
participates_in
participates_in
participates in
RO:0000057
external
has_participant
has_participant
has participant
RO:0002007
external
bounding_layer_of
bounding_layer_of
bounding layer of
RO:0002008
external
coincident_with
coincident_with
coincident with
RO:0002010
external
regulates_in_other_organism
regulates_in_other_organism
regulates in other organism
RO:0002013
external
has_regulatory_component_activity
has_regulatory_component_activity
has regulatory component activity
RO:0002014
external
has_negative_regulatory_component_activity
has_negative_regulatory_component_activity
has negative regulatory component activity
RO:0002016
external
has_necessary_component_activity
has_necessary_component_activity
has necessary component activity
RO:0002087
external
immediately_preceded_by
immediately_preceded_by
immediately preceded by
RO:0002090
external
immediately_precedes
immediately_precedes
immediately precedes
RO:0002131
external
overlaps
overlaps
overlaps
RO:0002180
external
has_component
has_component
has component
RO:0002215
external
capable_of
capable_of
capable of
RO:0002216
external
capable_of_part_of
capable_of_part_of
capable of part of
RO:0002220
external
adjacent_to
adjacent_to
adjacent to
RO:0002224
external
starts_with
starts_with
starts with
RO:0002230
external
ends_with
ends_with
ends with
RO:0002231
external
has_start_location
has_start_location
has start location
RO:0002232
external
has_end_location
has_end_location
has end location
RO:0002233
external
has_input
has_input
has input
RO:0002234
external
has_output
has_output
has output
RO:0002295
external
results_in_developmental_progression_of
results_in_developmental_progression_of
results in developmental progression of
RO:0002296
external
results_in_development_of
results_in_development_of
results in development of
RO:0002297
external
results_in_formation_of
results_in_formation_of
results in formation of
RO:0002298
external
results_in_morphogenesis_of
results_in_morphogenesis_of
results in morphogenesis of
RO:0002299
external
results_in_maturation_of
results_in_maturation_of
results in maturation of
RO:0002304
external
causally_upstream_of,_positive_effect
causally_upstream_of,_positive_effect
causally upstream of, positive effect
RO:0002305
external
causally_upstream_of,_negative_effect
causally_upstream_of,_negative_effect
causally upstream of, negative effect
RO:0002315
external
results_in_acquisition_of_features_of
results_in_acquisition_of_features_of
results in acquisition of features of
RO:0002332
external
regulates_levels_of
regulates_levels_of
regulates levels of
RO:0002334
external
regulated_by
regulated_by
regulated by
RO:0002335
external
negatively_regulated_by
negatively_regulated_by
negatively regulated by
RO:0002336
external
positively_regulated_by
positively_regulated_by
positively regulated by
RO:0002338
external
has_target_start_location
has_target_start_location
has target start location
RO:0002339
external
has_target_end_location
has_target_end_location
has target end location
RO:0002341
external
results_in_transport_along
results_in_transport_along
results in transport along
RO:0002342
external
results_in_transport_across
results_in_transport_across
results in transport across
RO:0002343
external
results_in_growth_of
results_in_growth_of
results in growth of
RO:0002344
external
results_in_transport_to_from_or_in
results_in_transport_to_from_or_in
results in transport to from or in
RO:0002348
external
results_in_commitment_to
results_in_commitment_to
results in commitment to
RO:0002349
external
results_in_determination_of
results_in_determination_of
results in determination of
RO:0002353
external
output_of
output_of
output of
RO:0002355
external
results_in_structural_organization_of
results_in_structural_organization_of
results in structural organization of
RO:0002356
external
results_in_specification_of
results_in_specification_of
results in specification of
RO:0002404
external
causally_downstream_of
causally_downstream_of
causally downstream of
RO:0002405
external
immediately_causally_downstream_of
immediately_causally_downstream_of
immediately causally downstream of
RO:0002411
external
causally_upstream_of
causally_upstream_of
causally upstream of
RO:0002412
external
immediately_causally_upstream_of
immediately_causally_upstream_of
immediately causally upstream of
RO:0002418
external
causally_upstream_of_or_within
causally_upstream_of_or_within
causally upstream of or within
RO:0002427
external
causally_downstream_of_or_within
causally_downstream_of_or_within
causally downstream of or within
RO:0002505
external
has_intermediate
has_intermediate
has intermediate
RO:0002565
external
results_in_movement_of
results_in_movement_of
results in movement of
RO:0002578
external
directly_regulates
directly_regulates
directly regulates
RO:0002588
external
results_in_assembly_of
results_in_assembly_of
results in assembly of
RO:0002590
external
results_in_disassembly_of
results_in_disassembly_of
results in disassembly of
RO:0002591
external
results_in_remodeling_of
results_in_remodeling_of
results in remodeling of
RO:0002592
external
results_in_organization_of
results_in_organization_of
results in organization of
RO:0002608
external
process_has_causal_agent
process_has_causal_agent
process has causal agent
RO:0002629
external
directly_positively_regulates
directly_positively_regulates
directly positively regulates
RO:0002630
external
directly_negatively_regulates
directly_negatively_regulates
directly negatively regulates
RO:0003000
external
produces
produces
produces
RO:0003001
external
produced_by
produced_by
produced by
RO:0004007
external
has_primary_input_or_output
has_primary_input_or_output
has primary input or output
RO:0004008
external
has_primary_output
has_primary_output
has primary output
RO:0004009
external
has_primary_input
has_primary_input
has primary input
RO:0012001
external
has_small_molecule_activator
has_small_molecule_activator
has small molecule activator
RO:0012003
external
acts_on_population_of
acts_on_population_of
acts on population of
RO:0012008
external
results_in_fusion_of
results_in_fusion_of
results in fusion of
RO:0019000
gene_ontology
regulates_characteristic
regulates_characteristic
regulates characteristic
RO:0019001
gene_ontology
positively_regulates_characteristic
positively_regulates_characteristic
positively regulates characteristic
RO:0019002
gene_ontology
negatively_regulates_characteristic
negatively_regulates_characteristic
negatively regulates characteristic
RO:0040036
external
results_in_changes_to_anatomical_or_cellular_structure
results_in_changes_to_anatomical_or_cellular_structure
results in changes to anatomical or cellular structure