2024-03-01
definition
IAO:0000233
external
term_tracker_item
true
true
term_tracker_item
term tracker item
IAO:0000700
external
has_ontology_root_term
true
true
has_ontology_root_term
has ontology root term
term replaced by
Rhea list of ChEBI terms representing the major species at pH 7.3.
Term not to be used for direct annotation
Term not to be used for direct manual annotation
AGR slim
Aspergillus GO slim
Candida GO slim
ChEMBL protein targets summary
Drosophila GO slim
Insecta GO ribbon slim
Generic GO slim
Metagenomics GO slim
Mouse GO slim
PIR GO slim
Plant GO slim
Fission yeast GO slim
GO subset for prokaryotes
Prokaryote GO ribbon slim
synapse GO slim
Yeast GO slim
label approved by the SynGO project
Systematic synonym
subset_property
synonym_type_property
consider
has_alternative_id
has_broad_synonym
database_cross_reference
has_exact_synonym
has_narrow_synonym
has_obo_format_version
has_obo_namespace
has_related_synonym
has_scope
has_synonym_type
in_subset
shorthand
BFO:0000050
external
part_of
part_of
part of
BFO:0000051
external
has_part
has_part
has part
BFO:0000066
external
occurs_in
occurs_in
occurs in
RO:0002091
external
starts_during
starts_during
starts during
RO:0002092
external
happens_during
happens_during
happens during
RO:0002093
external
ends_during
ends_during
ends during
RO:0002211
external
regulates
regulates
regulates
RO:0002212
external
negatively_regulates
negatively_regulates
negatively regulates
RO:0002213
external
positively_regulates
positively_regulates
positively regulates
Progression through the phases of the mitotic cell cycle, the most common eukaryotic cell cycle, which canonically comprises four successive phases called G1, S, G2, and M and includes replication of the genome and the subsequent segregation of chromosomes into daughter cells. In some variant cell cycles nuclear replication or nuclear division may not be followed by cell division, or G1 and G2 phases may be absent.
GO:0007067
Wikipedia:Mitosis
biological_process
mitosis
GO:0000278
Note that this term should not be confused with 'GO:0140014 ; mitotic nuclear division'. 'GO:0000278 ; mitotic cell cycle represents the entire mitotic cell cycle, while 'GO:0140014 ; mitotic nuclear division' specifically represents the actual nuclear division step of the mitotic cell cycle.
mitotic cell cycle
Progression through the phases of the mitotic cell cycle, the most common eukaryotic cell cycle, which canonically comprises four successive phases called G1, S, G2, and M and includes replication of the genome and the subsequent segregation of chromosomes into daughter cells. In some variant cell cycles nuclear replication or nuclear division may not be followed by cell division, or G1 and G2 phases may be absent.
GOC:mah
ISBN:0815316194
Reactome:69278
The developmental process in which the size or shape of a cell is generated and organized.
GO:0007148
GO:0045790
GO:0045791
cellular morphogenesis
biological_process
GO:0000902
cell morphogenesis
The developmental process in which the size or shape of a cell is generated and organized.
GOC:clt
GOC:dph
GOC:go_curators
GOC:tb
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of an organismal system whose objective is to provide calibrated responses by an organism to a potential internal or invasive threat, over time, from its formation to the mature structure. A system is a regularly interacting or interdependent group of organs or tissues that work together to carry out a given biological process.
biological_process
GO:0002520
immune system development
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of an organismal system whose objective is to provide calibrated responses by an organism to a potential internal or invasive threat, over time, from its formation to the mature structure. A system is a regularly interacting or interdependent group of organs or tissues that work together to carry out a given biological process.
GOC:add
GOC:dph
A organ system process carried out at the level of a muscle. Muscle tissue is composed of contractile cells or fibers.
biological_process
muscle physiological process
GO:0003012
muscle system process
A organ system process carried out at the level of a muscle. Muscle tissue is composed of contractile cells or fibers.
GOC:mtg_cardio
Any molecular function by which a gene product interacts selectively and non-covalently with DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid).
GO:0043566
plasmid binding
molecular_function
microtubule/chromatin interaction
structure specific DNA binding
structure-specific DNA binding
GO:0003677
DNA binding
Any molecular function by which a gene product interacts selectively and non-covalently with DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid).
GOC:dph
GOC:jl
GOC:tb
GOC:vw
Binding to chromatin, the network of fibers of DNA, protein, and sometimes RNA, that make up the chromosomes of the eukaryotic nucleus during interphase.
lamin/chromatin binding
microtubule/chromatin interaction
nuclear membrane vesicle binding to chromatin
molecular_function
GO:0003682
chromatin binding
Binding to chromatin, the network of fibers of DNA, protein, and sometimes RNA, that make up the chromosomes of the eukaryotic nucleus during interphase.
GOC:jl
ISBN:0198506732
PMID:20404130
A transcription regulator activity that modulates transcription of gene sets via selective and non-covalent binding to a specific double-stranded genomic DNA sequence (sometimes referred to as a motif) within a cis-regulatory region. Regulatory regions include promoters (proximal and distal) and enhancers. Genes are transcriptional units, and include bacterial operons.
https://github.com/geneontology/go-ontology/issues/15704
https://github.com/geneontology/go-ontology/issues/16534
https://github.com/geneontology/go-ontology/issues/20253
krc
2010-10-21T04:37:54Z
GO:0000130
GO:0001071
GO:0001130
GO:0001131
GO:0001151
GO:0001199
GO:0001204
nucleic acid binding transcription factor activity
transcription factor activity
DNA binding transcription factor activity
gene-specific transcription factor activity
sequence-specific DNA binding transcription factor activity
bacterial-type DNA binding transcription factor activity
bacterial-type RNA polymerase core promoter proximal region sequence-specific DNA binding transcription factor activity
bacterial-type RNA polymerase transcription enhancer sequence-specific DNA binding transcription factor activity
bacterial-type RNA polymerase transcription factor activity, metal ion regulated sequence-specific DNA binding
bacterial-type RNA polymerase transcription factor activity, sequence-specific DNA binding
metal ion regulated sequence-specific DNA binding bacterial-type RNA polymerase transcription factor activity
metal ion regulated sequence-specific DNA binding transcription factor activity
sequence-specific DNA binding bacterial-type RNA polymerase transcription factor activity
transcription factor activity, bacterial-type RNA polymerase core promoter proximal region sequence-specific binding
transcription factor activity, bacterial-type RNA polymerase proximal promoter sequence-specific DNA binding
transcription factor activity, bacterial-type RNA polymerase transcription enhancer sequence-specific binding
transcription factor activity, metal ion regulated sequence-specific DNA binding
molecular_function
GO:0003700
Usage guidance: Most DNA-binding transcription factors do not have enzymatic activity. The presence of specific DNA-binding domains known to be present in DNA-binding transcription factors (HOX, GATA etc) should be used to help decide whether a protein is a DNA binding transcription factor or a coregulator. If a protein has an enzymatic activity (for example, ubiquitin ligase, histone acetyl transferase) and no known DNA binding domain, consider annotating to GO:0003712 transcription coregulator activity. Special care should be taken with proteins containing zinc fingers, Myb/SANT and ARID domains, since only a subset of proteins containing these domains directly and selectively bind to regulatory DNA motifs in cis-regulatory regions.
DNA-binding transcription factor activity
A transcription regulator activity that modulates transcription of gene sets via selective and non-covalent binding to a specific double-stranded genomic DNA sequence (sometimes referred to as a motif) within a cis-regulatory region. Regulatory regions include promoters (proximal and distal) and enhancers. Genes are transcriptional units, and include bacterial operons.
GOC:txnOH-2018
A transcription regulator activity that modulates the transcription of specific gene sets via binding to a DNA-bound DNA-binding transcription factor, either on its own or as part of a complex. Coregulators often act by altering chromatin structure and modifications. For example, one class of transcription coregulators modifies chromatin structure through covalent modification of histones. A second class remodels the conformation of chromatin in an ATP-dependent fashion. A third class modulates interactions of DNA-bound DNA-binding transcription factors with other transcription coregulators.
https://github.com/geneontology/go-ontology/issues/15536
https://github.com/geneontology/go-ontology/issues/15665
https://github.com/geneontology/go-ontology/issues/15998
https://github.com/geneontology/go-ontology/issues/20253
https://github.com/geneontology/go-ontology/issues/20464
https://github.com/geneontology/go-ontology/issues/20862
https://github.com/geneontology/go-ontology/issues/20962
https://github.com/geneontology/go-ontology/issues/26489
krc
2010-11-24T03:02:15Z
GO:0001104
GO:0016455
transcription cofactor activity
transcriptional co-regulator
molecular_function
RNA polymerase II transcriptional cofactor activity
GO:0003712
Usage guidance: Most transcription coregulators do not bind DNA. Those that do usually bind DNA either in a non-specific or non-direct manner. If a protein binds DNA specifically, consider annotating to GO:0003700 DNA binding transcription factor activity.
transcription coregulator activity
A transcription regulator activity that modulates the transcription of specific gene sets via binding to a DNA-bound DNA-binding transcription factor, either on its own or as part of a complex. Coregulators often act by altering chromatin structure and modifications. For example, one class of transcription coregulators modifies chromatin structure through covalent modification of histones. A second class remodels the conformation of chromatin in an ATP-dependent fashion. A third class modulates interactions of DNA-bound DNA-binding transcription factors with other transcription coregulators.
GOC:txnOH-2018
PMID:10213677
PMID:16858867
PMID:24203923
PMID:25957681
Wikipedia:Transcription_coregulator
Binding to an RNA molecule or a portion thereof.
GO:0000498
GO:0044822
Reactome:R-HSA-203922
base pairing with RNA
molecular_function
poly(A) RNA binding
poly(A)-RNA binding
poly-A RNA binding
GO:0003723
RNA binding
Binding to an RNA molecule or a portion thereof.
GOC:jl
GOC:mah
Reactome:R-HSA-203922
Exportin-5 recognizes 3' overhang of pre-miRNA
The action of a molecule that contributes to the structural integrity of the ribosome.
GO:0003736
GO:0003737
GO:0003738
GO:0003739
GO:0003740
GO:0003741
GO:0003742
ribosomal protein
molecular_function
ribosomal RNA
GO:0003735
Note that this term may be used to annotate ribosomal RNAs as well as ribosomal proteins.
structural constituent of ribosome
The action of a molecule that contributes to the structural integrity of the ribosome.
GOC:mah
Catalysis of the reaction: GTP + H2O = GDP + H+ + phosphate.
https://github.com/geneontology/go-ontology/issues/19078
https://github.com/geneontology/go-ontology/issues/26014
dph
2015-11-11T12:47:56Z
GO:0061745
hydrolase activity, acting on acid anhydrides, acting on GTP, involved in cellular and subcellular movement
MetaCyc:RXN0-5462
RHEA:19669
Reactome:R-HSA-1445143
Reactome:R-HSA-1458485
Reactome:R-HSA-156923
Reactome:R-HSA-164381
Reactome:R-HSA-165055
Reactome:R-HSA-167415
Reactome:R-HSA-170666
Reactome:R-HSA-170685
Reactome:R-HSA-170686
Reactome:R-HSA-177501
Reactome:R-HSA-203973
Reactome:R-HSA-2130641
Reactome:R-HSA-2130725
Reactome:R-HSA-2584246
Reactome:R-HSA-380979
Reactome:R-HSA-392133
Reactome:R-HSA-392212
Reactome:R-HSA-418574
Reactome:R-HSA-418582
Reactome:R-HSA-421835
Reactome:R-HSA-428941
Reactome:R-HSA-432707
Reactome:R-HSA-5333615
Reactome:R-HSA-5389839
Reactome:R-HSA-5389842
Reactome:R-HSA-5419273
Reactome:R-HSA-5419279
Reactome:R-HSA-555065
Reactome:R-HSA-5623513
Reactome:R-HSA-5638006
Reactome:R-HSA-5658231
Reactome:R-HSA-5665809
Reactome:R-HSA-5672017
Reactome:R-HSA-5694527
Reactome:R-HSA-6807877
Reactome:R-HSA-6814833
Reactome:R-HSA-8847534
Reactome:R-HSA-8847883
Reactome:R-HSA-8849082
Reactome:R-HSA-8854173
Reactome:R-HSA-8854255
Reactome:R-HSA-8854329
Reactome:R-HSA-8854604
Reactome:R-HSA-8854612
Reactome:R-HSA-8868661
Reactome:R-HSA-8981353
Reactome:R-HSA-8982020
Reactome:R-HSA-8982021
Reactome:R-HSA-8982025
Reactome:R-HSA-9018814
Reactome:R-HSA-9018826
Reactome:R-HSA-9640195
Reactome:R-HSA-9645598
Reactome:R-HSA-9649736
Reactome:R-HSA-983422
ARF small monomeric GTPase activity
RHEB small monomeric GTPase activity
Rab small monomeric GTPase activity
Ran small monomeric GTPase activity
Ras small monomeric GTPase activity
Rho small monomeric GTPase activity
Sar small monomeric GTPase activity
dynamin GTPase activity
heterotrimeric G-protein GTPase activity
protein-synthesizing GTPase activity
protein-synthesizing GTPase activity, elongation
protein-synthesizing GTPase activity, initiation
protein-synthesizing GTPase activity, termination
signal-recognition-particle GTPase activity
small monomeric GTPase activity
tubulin GTPase activity
molecular_function
GTPase activity, coupled
heterotrimeric G-protein GTPase, alpha-subunit
heterotrimeric G-protein GTPase, beta-subunit
heterotrimeric G-protein GTPase, gamma-subunit
GO:0003924
GTPase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: GTP + H2O = GDP + H+ + phosphate.
PMID:26832457
PMID:27218782
Reactome:R-HSA-1445143
RAB8A,10,13,14 hydrolyze GTP
Reactome:R-HSA-1458485
RALA hydrolyzes GTP
Reactome:R-HSA-156923
Hydrolysis of eEF1A:GTP
Reactome:R-HSA-164381
G alpha (s) auto-inactivates by hydrolysing GTP to GDP
Reactome:R-HSA-165055
Hydrolysis of Ran:GTP to Ran:GDP
Reactome:R-HSA-167415
G-protein alpha subunit is inactivated
Reactome:R-HSA-170666
Adenylate cyclase increases the GTPase activity of G alpha-olf
Reactome:R-HSA-170685
Adenylaye cyclase increases the GTPase activity of G alpha-olf
Reactome:R-HSA-170686
Adenylate cyclase increases the GTPase activity of Gi alpha
Reactome:R-HSA-177501
Endocytosis (internalization) of clathrin-coated vesicle
Reactome:R-HSA-203973
Vesicle budding
Reactome:R-HSA-2130641
Translocation of TGN-lysosome vesicle to lysosome
Reactome:R-HSA-2130725
Internalization of MHC II:Ii clathrin coated vesicle
Reactome:R-HSA-2584246
GNAT1-GTP hydrolyses its bound GTP to GDP
Reactome:R-HSA-380979
RHEB in mTORC1:RHEB:GTP hydrolyses GTP
Reactome:R-HSA-392133
G alpha (z) auto-inactivates by hydrolysing GTP to GDP
Reactome:R-HSA-392212
G alpha (i) auto-inactivates by hydrolysing GTP to GDP
Reactome:R-HSA-418574
G alpha (12/13) auto-inactivates by hydrolysing GTP to GDP
Reactome:R-HSA-418582
G alpha (q) auto-inactivates by hydrolysing GTP to GDP
Reactome:R-HSA-421835
trans-Golgi Network Vesicle Scission
Reactome:R-HSA-428941
P2Y purinoceptor 1 activates MAP kinase p38 alpha
Reactome:R-HSA-432707
trans-Golgi Network Lysosomal Vesicle Scission
Reactome:R-HSA-5333615
80S:Met-tRNAi:mRNA:SECISBP2:Sec-tRNA(Sec):EEFSEC:GTP is hydrolysed to 80S:Met-tRNAi:mRNA:SECISBP2:Sec and EEFSEC:GDP by EEFSEC
Reactome:R-HSA-5389839
39S subunit binds 28S subunit:mRNA:fMet-tRNA
Reactome:R-HSA-5389842
TUFM hydrolyzes GTP and TUFM:GDP dissociates from 55S ribosome
Reactome:R-HSA-5419273
Hydrolysis of GTP and dissociation of 28S and 39S subunits
Reactome:R-HSA-5419279
Translocation of peptidyl-tRNA from A-site to P-site (and translocation of 55S ribosome by 3 bases along mRNA)
Reactome:R-HSA-555065
Formation of clathrin coated vesicle
Reactome:R-HSA-5623513
ASAP1 stimulates GTPase activity of ARF4
Reactome:R-HSA-5638006
ARL3 hydrolyzes GTP
Reactome:R-HSA-5658231
RAS GAPs stimulate RAS GTPase activity
Reactome:R-HSA-5665809
SRGAP2 stimulates RAC1 GTP-ase activity and ends FMNL1-mediated elongation of actin filaments
Reactome:R-HSA-5672017
Rheb in the MTORC1 complex hydrolyses GTP
Reactome:R-HSA-5694527
Loss of SAR1B GTPase
Reactome:R-HSA-6807877
ARFGAPs stimulate ARF GTPase activity
Reactome:R-HSA-6814833
TBC1D20 stimulates GTPase activity of RAB1, resulting in hydrolysis of GTP
Reactome:R-HSA-8847534
RAB43 hydrolyses GTP
Reactome:R-HSA-8847883
CYTH proteins stimulate ARF1 GTPase activity
Reactome:R-HSA-8849082
ARHGAP35 stimulates RHOA GTPase activity
Reactome:R-HSA-8854173
TBC RabGAPs accelerate GTP hydrolysis by RAB35
Reactome:R-HSA-8854255
TBC1D2A accelerates GTP hydrolysis by RAB7
Reactome:R-HSA-8854329
TBC1D15 accelerates GTP hydrolysis by RAB7
Reactome:R-HSA-8854604
TBC1D16 accelerates GTP hydrolysis by RAB4A
Reactome:R-HSA-8854612
TBC1D25 accelerates GTP hydrolysis by RAB33B
Reactome:R-HSA-8868661
Dynamin-mediated GTP hydrolysis promotes vesicle scission
Reactome:R-HSA-8981353
RASA1 stimulates RAS GTPase activity
Reactome:R-HSA-8982020
G alpha (i)i1/i2/i3 in G (i):RGS complex is inactivated
Reactome:R-HSA-8982021
G alpha (z) in G alpha (z):RGS complex is inactivated
Reactome:R-HSA-8982025
G alpha (q) in G (q):RGS complex is inactivated
Reactome:R-HSA-9018814
RHOT1 hydrolyzes GTP
Reactome:R-HSA-9018826
RHOT2 hydrolyzes GTP
Reactome:R-HSA-9640195
RRAGA,B hydrolyzes GTP
Reactome:R-HSA-9645598
RRAGC,D hydrolyzes GTP
Reactome:R-HSA-9649736
RAS intrinsic GTPase activity hydrolyzes GTP to GDP
Reactome:R-HSA-983422
Disassembly of COPII coated vesicle
Catalysis of the hydrolysis of ester linkages within nucleic acids.
molecular_function
GO:0004518
Note that 'tRNA nucleotidyltransferase activity ; GO:0009022', also known as 'ribonuclease PH', and 'DNA-(apurinic or apyrimidinic site) lyase activity ; GO:0003906' do not have parentage in the 'nuclease activity' branch of the ontology because both GO and the Enzyme Commission define nuclease activity as a type of hydrolysis.
nuclease activity
Catalysis of the hydrolysis of ester linkages within nucleic acids.
ISBN:0198547684
Stimulates the exchange of GDP to GTP on a signaling GTPase, changing its conformation to its active form. Guanine nucleotide exchange factors (GEFs) act by stimulating the release of guanosine diphosphate (GDP) to allow binding of guanosine triphosphate (GTP), which is more abundant in the cell under normal cellular physiological conditions.
https://github.com/geneontology/go-ontology/issues/18749
https://github.com/geneontology/go-ontology/issues/18750
GO:0005086
GO:0005087
GO:0005088
GO:0005089
GO:0005090
GO:0008321
GO:0008433
GO:0016219
GO:0016220
GO:0017034
GO:0017112
GO:0017132
GO:0019839
GO:0030676
Reactome:R-HSA-109807
Reactome:R-HSA-109817
Reactome:R-HSA-114544
Reactome:R-HSA-1168636
Reactome:R-HSA-1225951
Reactome:R-HSA-1225957
Reactome:R-HSA-1250383
Reactome:R-HSA-1250463
Reactome:R-HSA-1250498
Reactome:R-HSA-1306972
Reactome:R-HSA-1433415
Reactome:R-HSA-1433471
Reactome:R-HSA-156913
Reactome:R-HSA-169904
Reactome:R-HSA-170979
Reactome:R-HSA-171026
Reactome:R-HSA-177938
Reactome:R-HSA-177945
Reactome:R-HSA-180687
Reactome:R-HSA-186834
Reactome:R-HSA-187746
Reactome:R-HSA-194518
Reactome:R-HSA-2029445
Reactome:R-HSA-2029451
Reactome:R-HSA-2029467
Reactome:R-HSA-203977
Reactome:R-HSA-205039
Reactome:R-HSA-210977
Reactome:R-HSA-2179407
Reactome:R-HSA-2424476
Reactome:R-HSA-2424477
Reactome:R-HSA-2485180
Reactome:R-HSA-2730840
Reactome:R-HSA-350769
Reactome:R-HSA-354173
Reactome:R-HSA-379044
Reactome:R-HSA-379048
Reactome:R-HSA-380073
Reactome:R-HSA-389348
Reactome:R-HSA-389350
Reactome:R-HSA-392054
Reactome:R-HSA-392195
Reactome:R-HSA-3928592
Reactome:R-HSA-3928612
Reactome:R-HSA-3928628
Reactome:R-HSA-3928632
Reactome:R-HSA-3928633
Reactome:R-HSA-3928642
Reactome:R-HSA-3928651
Reactome:R-HSA-392870
Reactome:R-HSA-3965444
Reactome:R-HSA-399938
Reactome:R-HSA-399995
Reactome:R-HSA-4093336
Reactome:R-HSA-416530
Reactome:R-HSA-416588
Reactome:R-HSA-418579
Reactome:R-HSA-418850
Reactome:R-HSA-418856
Reactome:R-HSA-419166
Reactome:R-HSA-420883
Reactome:R-HSA-428535
Reactome:R-HSA-428750
Reactome:R-HSA-428917
Reactome:R-HSA-442273
Reactome:R-HSA-442291
Reactome:R-HSA-442314
Reactome:R-HSA-442732
Reactome:R-HSA-445064
Reactome:R-HSA-5218829
Reactome:R-HSA-5218839
Reactome:R-HSA-5218850
Reactome:R-HSA-5617816
Reactome:R-HSA-5623508
Reactome:R-HSA-5623521
Reactome:R-HSA-5637806
Reactome:R-HSA-5637808
Reactome:R-HSA-5654392
Reactome:R-HSA-5654402
Reactome:R-HSA-5654413
Reactome:R-HSA-5654426
Reactome:R-HSA-5654600
Reactome:R-HSA-5654618
Reactome:R-HSA-5654647
Reactome:R-HSA-5654663
Reactome:R-HSA-5655241
Reactome:R-HSA-5655277
Reactome:R-HSA-5655326
Reactome:R-HSA-5655347
Reactome:R-HSA-5672965
Reactome:R-HSA-5686071
Reactome:R-HSA-5686318
Reactome:R-HSA-5694409
Reactome:R-HSA-6807868
Reactome:R-HSA-6811414
Reactome:R-HSA-6811418
Reactome:R-HSA-6811429
Reactome:R-HSA-749453
Reactome:R-HSA-751029
Reactome:R-HSA-825631
Reactome:R-HSA-8848618
Reactome:R-HSA-8850041
Reactome:R-HSA-8851827
Reactome:R-HSA-8851877
Reactome:R-HSA-8851899
Reactome:R-HSA-8875318
Reactome:R-HSA-8875320
Reactome:R-HSA-8875568
Reactome:R-HSA-8875591
Reactome:R-HSA-8876188
Reactome:R-HSA-8876190
Reactome:R-HSA-8876191
Reactome:R-HSA-8876193
Reactome:R-HSA-8876454
Reactome:R-HSA-8876615
Reactome:R-HSA-8876616
Reactome:R-HSA-8876837
Reactome:R-HSA-8877308
Reactome:R-HSA-8877311
Reactome:R-HSA-8877451
Reactome:R-HSA-8877475
Reactome:R-HSA-8877612
Reactome:R-HSA-8877760
Reactome:R-HSA-8877813
Reactome:R-HSA-8877998
Reactome:R-HSA-8964604
Reactome:R-HSA-8980691
Reactome:R-HSA-8982637
Reactome:R-HSA-8982640
Reactome:R-HSA-9013023
Reactome:R-HSA-9013109
Reactome:R-HSA-9013143
Reactome:R-HSA-9013159
Reactome:R-HSA-9013435
Reactome:R-HSA-9014296
Reactome:R-HSA-9014433
Reactome:R-HSA-9017491
Reactome:R-HSA-9018747
Reactome:R-HSA-9018768
Reactome:R-HSA-9018804
Reactome:R-HSA-9018817
Reactome:R-HSA-9018825
Reactome:R-HSA-9026891
Reactome:R-HSA-9029158
Reactome:R-HSA-9032067
Reactome:R-HSA-9032798
Reactome:R-HSA-9033292
Reactome:R-HSA-9036301
Reactome:R-HSA-939265
Reactome:R-HSA-9607304
Reactome:R-HSA-9619803
Reactome:R-HSA-9624845
Reactome:R-HSA-9634418
Reactome:R-HSA-9639286
Reactome:R-HSA-9640167
Reactome:R-HSA-9660824
Reactome:R-HSA-9664991
Reactome:R-HSA-9665009
Reactome:R-HSA-9665404
Reactome:R-HSA-9665408
Reactome:R-HSA-9665700
Reactome:R-HSA-9665707
Reactome:R-HSA-9666428
Reactome:R-HSA-9666430
Reactome:R-HSA-9670436
Reactome:R-HSA-9672163
Reactome:R-HSA-9672170
Reactome:R-HSA-9680385
Reactome:R-HSA-9693111
Reactome:R-HSA-9695853
Reactome:R-HSA-9703441
Reactome:R-HSA-9751201
GDP-dissociation stimulator activity
GDS
GEF
Rho guanine nucleotide exchange factor
RhoGEF
guanyl-nucleotide release factor activity
guanyl-nucleotide releasing factor
ARF guanyl-nucleotide exchange factor activity
GNRP
Rab guanyl-nucleotide exchange factor activity
Rac guanyl-nucleotide exchange factor activity
Ral guanyl-nucleotide exchange factor activity
Ran guanyl-nucleotide exchange factor activity
Rap guanyl-nucleotide exchange factor activity
Ras guanyl-nucleotide exchange factor activity
Rho guanyl-nucleotide exchange factor activity
Sar guanyl-nucleotide exchange factor activity
cAMP-dependent guanyl-nucleotide exchange factor activity
molecular_function
GO:0005085
guanyl-nucleotide exchange factor activity
Reactome:R-HSA-2029467
Activation of RAC1 by CRKII:DOCK180:ELMO
Reactome:R-HSA-203977
SAR1 Activation And Membrane Binding
Reactome:R-HSA-205039
p75NTR indirectly activates RAC and Cdc42 via a guanyl-nucleotide exchange factor
Reactome:R-HSA-210977
Sos-mediated nucleotide exchange of Ras (Tie2 receptor:Grb2:Sos)
Reactome:R-HSA-2179407
SOS1-mediated nucleotide exchange of RAS (HB-EFG-initiated)
Reactome:R-HSA-2424476
Activation of RAC1 by VAV2/3
Reactome:R-HSA-2424477
SOS mediated nucleotide exchange of RAS (SHC)
Reactome:R-HSA-2485180
MII catalyses GDP/GTP exchange on Gt
Reactome:R-HSA-2730840
Activation of RAC1 by VAV
Reactome:R-HSA-350769
trans-Golgi Network Coat Activation
Reactome:R-HSA-354173
Activation of Rap1 by cytosolic GEFs
Reactome:R-HSA-379044
Liganded Gs-activating GPCR acts as a GEF for Gs
Reactome:R-HSA-379048
Liganded Gq/11-activating GPCRs act as GEFs for Gq/11
Reactome:R-HSA-380073
Liganded Gi-activating GPCR acts as a GEF for Gi
Reactome:R-HSA-389348
Activation of Rac1 by pVav1
Reactome:R-HSA-389350
Activation of Cdc42 by pVav1
Reactome:R-HSA-392054
NCAM1:pFAK:Grb2:Sos-mediated nucleotide exchange of Ras
Reactome:R-HSA-392195
Gi activation by P2Y purinoceptor 12
Reactome:R-HSA-3928592
p190RhoGEF exchanges GTP for GDP on RHOA, activating it
Reactome:R-HSA-3928612
KALRN exchanges GTP for GDP on RAC1, activating it
Reactome:R-HSA-3928628
VAV exchanges GTP for GDP on RAC1, activating it
Reactome:R-HSA-3928632
ITSN1 exchanges GTP for GDP on CDC42, activating it
Reactome:R-HSA-3928633
bPIX exchanges GTP for GDP on RAC, activating it
Reactome:R-HSA-3928642
TIAM1 exchanges GTP for GDP on RAC1, activating it
Reactome:R-HSA-3928651
NGEF exchanges GTP for GDP on RHOA
Reactome:R-HSA-392870
Gs activation by prostacyclin receptor
Reactome:R-HSA-3965444
WNT:FZD complex promotes G-protein nucleotide exchange
Reactome:R-HSA-399938
Activation of Rac1 by FARP2
Reactome:R-HSA-399995
Muscarinic Acetylcholine Receptor M3 activates Gq
Reactome:R-HSA-4093336
p-TIAM1 exchanges GTP for GDP on RAC1, activating it
Reactome:R-HSA-416530
FFAR1:FFAR1 ligands activates Gq
Reactome:R-HSA-416588
Activation of Rho by LARG and PDZ-RhoGEF
Reactome:R-HSA-418579
Gq activation by P2Y purinoceptor 1
Reactome:R-HSA-418850
Activation of Cdc42
Reactome:R-HSA-418856
Activation of Rac1
Reactome:R-HSA-419166
GEFs activate RhoA,B,C
Reactome:R-HSA-420883
Opsins act as GEFs for G alpha-t
Reactome:R-HSA-428535
Activation of RAC1 by SOS
Reactome:R-HSA-428750
Gq activation by TP receptor
Reactome:R-HSA-428917
G13 activation by TP receptor
Reactome:R-HSA-442273
VAV1 is a GEF for Rho/Rac family GTPases
Reactome:R-HSA-442291
VAV2 is a GEF for Rho/Rac family kinases
Reactome:R-HSA-442314
VAV3 is a GEF for Rho/Rac family kinases
Reactome:R-HSA-442732
NMDA-activated RASGRF1 activates RAS
Reactome:R-HSA-445064
Activation of Rac1 by VAV2
Reactome:R-HSA-5218829
VEGF induces CDC42 activation by unknown mechanism
Reactome:R-HSA-5218839
DOCK180:ELMO exchanges GTP for GDP, activating RAC1
Reactome:R-HSA-5218850
VAV exchanges GTP for GDP on RAC1, activating it
Reactome:R-HSA-5617816
RAB3IP stimulates nucleotide exchange on RAB8A
Reactome:R-HSA-5623508
GBF1 stimulates nucleotide exchange on ARF4
Reactome:R-HSA-5623521
RAB3IP stimulates nucleotide exchange on RAB8A
Reactome:R-HSA-5637806
SOS-mediated nucleotide exchange of RAS (mediated by GRB2:SOS1 in complex with p-EGFRvIII)
Reactome:R-HSA-5637808
SOS-mediated nucleotide exchange of RAS (mediated by GRB2:SOS1 in complex with phosphorylated SHC1 and p-EGFRvIII)
Reactome:R-HSA-5654392
Activated FGFR1:p-FRS:GRB2:SOS1 activates RAS nucleotide exchange
Reactome:R-HSA-5654402
Activated FGFR2:p-SHC1:GRB2:SOS1 activates RAS nucleotide exchange
Reactome:R-HSA-5654413
Activated FGFR3:p-FRS2:GRB2:SOS1 activates RAS nucleotide exchange
Reactome:R-HSA-5654426
Activated FGFR4:p-SHC1:GRB2:SOS1 activates RAS nucleotide exchange
Reactome:R-HSA-5654600
Activated FGFR1:p-SHC1:GRB2:SOS1 activates RAS nucleotide exchange
Reactome:R-HSA-5654618
Activated FGFR2:p-FRS2:GRB2:SOS1 activates RAS nucleotide exchange
Reactome:R-HSA-5654647
Activated FGFR3:p-SHC1:GRB2:SOS1 activates RAS nucleotide exchange
Reactome:R-HSA-5654663
Activated FGFR4:p-FRS2:GRB2:SOS1 activates RAS nucleotide exchange
Reactome:R-HSA-5655241
Activated FGFR2 mutants:p-FRS2:GRB2:SOS1 activates RAS nucleotide exchange
Reactome:R-HSA-5655277
Activated FGFR3 point, translocation and fusion mutants:p-FRS2:GRB2:SOS1 activates RAS nucleotide exchange
Reactome:R-HSA-5655326
Activated FGFR1 mutants:p-FRS2:GRB2:SOS1 activates RAS nucleotide exchange
Reactome:R-HSA-5655347
Activated FGFR4 mutants:p-FRS2:GRB2:SOS1 activates RAS nucleotide exchange
Reactome:R-HSA-5672965
RAS GEFs promote RAS nucleotide exchange
Reactome:R-HSA-5686071
GRB2-1:SOS1:p-Y-SHC mediated nucleotide exchange of RAS
Reactome:R-HSA-5686318
GRB2-1:SOS1:p-3Y-SHC1 mediated nucleotide exchange of RAS
Reactome:R-HSA-5694409
Nucleotide exchange on RAB1
Reactome:R-HSA-6807868
GBF1 stimulates ARF nucleotide exchange
Reactome:R-HSA-6811414
GBF1 stimulates nucleotide exchange on ARF
Reactome:R-HSA-6811418
ARFGAPs stimulate ARF GTPase activity at the Golgi membrane
Reactome:R-HSA-6811429
RIC1:RGP1 stimulates nucleotide RAB6 nucleotide exchange
Reactome:R-HSA-749453
Liganded Gz-activating GPCR acts as a GEF for Gz
Reactome:R-HSA-751029
Liganded G12/13-activating GPCR acts as a GEF for G12/13
Reactome:R-HSA-825631
Glucagon:GCGR mediates GTP-GDP exchange
Reactome:R-HSA-8848618
Activation of RAC1 by the PXN:CRK complex
Reactome:R-HSA-8850041
RAB3GAP1:RAB3GAP2 promotes nucleotide exchange on RAB18
Reactome:R-HSA-8851827
RAS guanyl nucleotide exchange by MET-bound GRB2:SOS1
Reactome:R-HSA-8851877
RAS guanyl nucleotide exchange by SOS1 associated with RANBP9 and MET
Reactome:R-HSA-8851899
RAS guanyl nucleotide exchange by SOS1 bound to GRB2, SCH1-2 and MET
Reactome:R-HSA-8875318
RAB3 GEFs exchange GTP for GDP on RAB3A
Reactome:R-HSA-8875320
RAB5 GEFs exchange GTP for GDP on RAB5
Reactome:R-HSA-8875568
RAPGEF1 activates RAP1
Reactome:R-HSA-8875591
DOCK7 activates RAC1
Reactome:R-HSA-8876188
DENND4s exchange GTP for GDP on RAB10
Reactome:R-HSA-8876190
RAB8 GEFs exchange GTP for GDP on RAB8
Reactome:R-HSA-8876191
RAB9 GEFs exchange GTP for GDP on RAB9
Reactome:R-HSA-8876193
RIC1-RGP1 exchanges GTP for GDP on RAB6
Reactome:R-HSA-8876454
DENND3 exchanges GTP for GDP on RAB12
Reactome:R-HSA-8876615
RAB13 GEFs exchange GTP for GDP on RAB13
Reactome:R-HSA-8876616
DENND6A,B exchange GTP for GDP on RAB14
Reactome:R-HSA-8876837
RAB21 GEFs exchange GTP for GDP on RAB21
Reactome:R-HSA-8877308
MADD exchanges GTP for GDP on RAB27
Reactome:R-HSA-8877311
RAB31 GEFs exchange GTP for GDP on RAB31
Reactome:R-HSA-8877451
MON1:CCZ1 exchanges GTP for GDP on RAB7
Reactome:R-HSA-8877475
TRAPPC complexes exchange GTP for GDP on RAB1
Reactome:R-HSA-8877612
DENND1s exchange GTP for GDP on RAB35
Reactome:R-HSA-8877760
HPS1:HPS4 exchange GTP for GDP on RAB32 and RAB38
Reactome:R-HSA-8877813
DENND5A,B exchange GTP for GDP on RAB39
Reactome:R-HSA-8877998
RAB3GAP1:RAB3GAP2 exchanges GTP for GDP on RAB18
Reactome:R-HSA-8964604
CDC42 in GNB/GNG:PAK1:ARHGEF6:CDC42 is activated
Reactome:R-HSA-8980691
RHOA GEFs activate RHOA
Reactome:R-HSA-8982637
Opsins binds G alpha-t
Reactome:R-HSA-8982640
G-alpha(t):G-beta-gamma:Opsins complex dissociates to active G-alpha(t)
Reactome:R-HSA-9013023
RHOB GEFs activate RHOB
Reactome:R-HSA-9013109
RHOC GEFs activate RHOC
Reactome:R-HSA-9013143
RAC1 GEFs activate RAC1
Reactome:R-HSA-9013159
CDC42 GEFs activate CDC42
Reactome:R-HSA-9013435
RHOD auto-activates
Reactome:R-HSA-9014296
RAC2 GEFs activate RAC2
Reactome:R-HSA-9014433
RHOG GEFs activate RHOG
Reactome:R-HSA-9017491
RHOJ GEFs activate RHOJ
Reactome:R-HSA-9018747
RHOQ GEFs activate RHOQ
Reactome:R-HSA-9018768
RHOU auto-activates
Reactome:R-HSA-9018804
RAC3 GEFs activate RAC3
Reactome:R-HSA-9018817
RHOT1 GEFs activate RHOT1
Reactome:R-HSA-9018825
RHOT2 GEFs activate RHOT2
Reactome:R-HSA-9026891
NTRK2 activates RAS signaling through SHC1
Reactome:R-HSA-9029158
EPO:phospho-EPOR:phospho-JAK2:LYN:IRS2:phospho-CRKL:RAPGEF1:GRB2-1:SOS1,phospho-VAV1 mediates exchange of GTP for GDP bound to RAS
Reactome:R-HSA-9032067
NTRK2 activates RAS signaling through FRS2
Reactome:R-HSA-9032798
DOCK3 activates RAC1
Reactome:R-HSA-9033292
NTRK2 and CDK5 promote activation of RAC1 by TIAM1
Reactome:R-HSA-9036301
ESTG stimulates GTP exchange on GPER:heterotrimeric G-protein s
Reactome:R-HSA-939265
Activation of Rap1 by membrane-associated GEFs
Reactome:R-HSA-9607304
SOS1-mediated nucleotide exchange of RAS downstream of FLT3
Reactome:R-HSA-9619803
p-S516-ARHGEF7 activates RAC1
Reactome:R-HSA-9624845
RCC1 stimulates GDP to GTP exchange on RAN
Reactome:R-HSA-9634418
RAS guanyl-nucleotide exchange mediated by SOS1 in complex with GRB2 and ERBB2 homodimer:p-SHC1
Reactome:R-HSA-9639286
RRAGC,D exchanges GTP for GDP
Reactome:R-HSA-9640167
RRAGA,B exchanges GDP for GTP
Reactome:R-HSA-9660824
ADORA2B (in Ade-Rib:ADORA2B:Heterotrimeric G-protein Gs) exchanges GDP for GTP on Gs
Reactome:R-HSA-9664991
RAS activation by SOS1 bound to phosphorylated heterodimers of ERBB2 KD mutants
Reactome:R-HSA-9665009
RAS activation by SOS1 bound to phosphorylated heterodimers of ERBB2 KD mutants and EGFR
Reactome:R-HSA-9665404
RAS guanyl nucleotide exchange mediated by the p-6Y- ERBB2 ECD mutants:EGF:p-6Y-EGFR:p-SHC1:GRB2:SOS1
Reactome:R-HSA-9665408
RAS activation by SOS1 bound to phosphorylated heterodimers of ERBB2 ECD mutants and EGFR through GRB2
Reactome:R-HSA-9665700
RAS activation by SOS1 bound to phosphorylated heterodimers of ERBB2 TMD/JMD mutants
Reactome:R-HSA-9665707
RAS activation by SOS1 bound to phosphorylated heterodimers of ERBB2 TMD/JMD mutants and EGFR
Reactome:R-HSA-9666428
DOCK180 exchanges GTP for GDP on RAC1:GDP
Reactome:R-HSA-9666430
p-VAV1,2,3 exchanges GTP for GDP on RAC1:GDP
Reactome:R-HSA-9670436
p-KIT mutants:GRB2:SOS catalyzes nucleotide exchange on RAS
Reactome:R-HSA-9672163
SOS-mediated nucleotide exchange on RAS downstream of PDGFRA extracellular domain dimers
Reactome:R-HSA-9672170
SOS-mediated nucleotide exchange of RAS downstream of mutant PDGFR receptors
Reactome:R-HSA-9680385
CSF1R-associated SOS1 mediates exchange of GTP for GDP bound to RAS
Reactome:R-HSA-9693111
RHOF auto-activates
Reactome:R-HSA-9695853
FLT3 mutants:GRB2:SOS1-mediated nucleotide exchange on RAS
Reactome:R-HSA-9703441
SOS1-mediated nucleotide exchange of RAS downstream of FLT3 fusion mutants
Reactome:R-HSA-9751201
p-VAV1,2,3 exchange 6TGTP for GDP on RAC1
Stimulates the exchange of GDP to GTP on a signaling GTPase, changing its conformation to its active form. Guanine nucleotide exchange factors (GEFs) act by stimulating the release of guanosine diphosphate (GDP) to allow binding of guanosine triphosphate (GTP), which is more abundant in the cell under normal cellular physiological conditions.
GOC:kd
GOC:mah
PMID:23303910
PMID:27218782
Reactome:R-HSA-109807
GRB2:SOS:p-Y427-SHC1 mediated nucleotide exchange of RAS
Reactome:R-HSA-109817
GRB2:SOS1:p-Y-IRS1,p-Y-IRS2 mediated nucleotide exchange of RAS
Reactome:R-HSA-114544
p115-RhoGEF activation of RHOA
Reactome:R-HSA-1168636
p-RasGRP1,3:DAG cause RAS to exchange GDP for GTP
Reactome:R-HSA-1225951
SOS-mediated nucleotide exchange of RAS (mediated by GRB2:SOS1 in complex with ligand-responsive p-6Y-EGFR mutants)
Reactome:R-HSA-1225957
SOS-mediated nucleotide exchange of RAS (mediated by GRB2:SOS1 in complex with phosphorylated SHC1 and ligand-responsive p-6Y-EGFR mutants)
Reactome:R-HSA-1250383
RAS guanyl-nucleotide exchange mediated by SOS1 in complex with GRB2 and p-Y349,350-SHC1:p-ERBB4
Reactome:R-HSA-1250463
RAS guanyl-nucleotide exchange mediated by SOS1 in complex with GRB2 and p-SHC1:Phosphorylated ERBB2 heterodimers
Reactome:R-HSA-1250498
RAS guanyl-nucleotide exchange mediated by SOS1 in complex with GRB2 and phosphorylated EGFR:ERBB2 heterodimers.
Reactome:R-HSA-1306972
RAS guanyl nucleotide exchange mediated by SOS1 bound to GRB2 in complex with phosphorylated ERBB4:ERBB2 heterodimers
Reactome:R-HSA-1433415
Activation of RAC1
Reactome:R-HSA-1433471
Activation of RAS by p-KIT bound SOS1
Reactome:R-HSA-156913
Regeneration of eEF1A:GTP by eEF1B activity
Reactome:R-HSA-169904
C3G stimulates nucleotide exchange on Rap1
Reactome:R-HSA-170979
(Frs2)C3G stimulates nucleotide exchange on Rap1
Reactome:R-HSA-171026
Guanine nucleotide exchange on RAL
Reactome:R-HSA-177938
SOS1-mediated nucleotide exchange of RAS (EGF:EGFR:GRB2:SOS1)
Reactome:R-HSA-177945
SOS1-mediated nucleotide exchange of RAS (EGF:EGFR:SHC1:GRB2:SOS1)
Reactome:R-HSA-180687
Conversion of Ran-GDP to Ran-GTP
Reactome:R-HSA-186834
SOS-mediated nucleotide exchange on RAS (PDGF receptor:GRB2:SOS)
Reactome:R-HSA-187746
RIT/RIN are activated
Reactome:R-HSA-194518
RhoA is activated by nucleotide exchange and inhibits axonal growth
Reactome:R-HSA-2029445
An unknown GEF exchanges GTP for GDP on CDC42:GDP
Reactome:R-HSA-2029451
Activation of RAC1 by VAV
The action of a molecule that contributes to the structural integrity of a cytoskeletal structure.
molecular_function
GO:0005200
structural constituent of cytoskeleton
The action of a molecule that contributes to the structural integrity of a cytoskeletal structure.
GOC:mah
The action of a molecule that contributes to the structural integrity of the extracellular matrix.
core extracellular matrix
core matrisome
extracellular matrix glycoprotein
molecular_function
GO:0005201
Extracellular matrix glycoproteins may be annotated to this term. PMID:24443019
extracellular matrix structural constituent
The action of a molecule that contributes to the structural integrity of the extracellular matrix.
GOC:mah
That part of a multicellular organism outside the cells proper, usually taken to be outside the plasma membranes, and occupied by fluid.
NIF_Subcellular:sao1425028079
cellular_component
intercellular space
GO:0005615
Note that for multicellular organisms, the extracellular space refers to everything outside a cell, but still within the organism (excluding the extracellular matrix). Gene products from a multi-cellular organism that are secreted from a cell into the interstitial fluid or blood can therefore be annotated to this term.
extracellular space
That part of a multicellular organism outside the cells proper, usually taken to be outside the plasma membranes, and occupied by fluid.
ISBN:0198547684
A membrane-bounded organelle of eukaryotic cells in which chromosomes are housed and replicated. In most cells, the nucleus contains all of the cell's chromosomes except the organellar chromosomes, and is the site of RNA synthesis and processing. In some species, or in specialized cell types, RNA metabolism or DNA replication may be absent.
NIF_Subcellular:sao1702920020
Wikipedia:Cell_nucleus
cell nucleus
horsetail nucleus
cellular_component
GO:0005634
nucleus
A membrane-bounded organelle of eukaryotic cells in which chromosomes are housed and replicated. In most cells, the nucleus contains all of the cell's chromosomes except the organellar chromosomes, and is the site of RNA synthesis and processing. In some species, or in specialized cell types, RNA metabolism or DNA replication may be absent.
GOC:go_curators
horsetail nucleus
GOC:al
GOC:mah
GOC:vw
PMID:15030757
A structure composed of a very long molecule of DNA and associated proteins (e.g. histones) that carries hereditary information.
Wikipedia:Chromosome
interphase chromosome
prophase chromosome
cellular_component
chromatid
GO:0005694
Chromosomes include parts that are not part of the chromatin. Examples include the kinetochore.
chromosome
A structure composed of a very long molecule of DNA and associated proteins (e.g. histones) that carries hereditary information.
ISBN:0198547684
A small, dense body one or more of which are present in the nucleus of eukaryotic cells. It is rich in RNA and protein, is not bounded by a limiting membrane, and is not seen during mitosis. Its prime function is the transcription of the nucleolar DNA into 45S ribosomal-precursor RNA, the processing of this RNA into 5.8S, 18S, and 28S components of ribosomal RNA, and the association of these components with 5S RNA and proteins synthesized outside the nucleolus. This association results in the formation of ribonucleoprotein precursors; these pass into the cytoplasm and mature into the 40S and 60S subunits of the ribosome.
NIF_Subcellular:sao1820400233
Wikipedia:Nucleolus
cellular_component
GO:0005730
nucleolus
A small, dense body one or more of which are present in the nucleus of eukaryotic cells. It is rich in RNA and protein, is not bounded by a limiting membrane, and is not seen during mitosis. Its prime function is the transcription of the nucleolar DNA into 45S ribosomal-precursor RNA, the processing of this RNA into 5.8S, 18S, and 28S components of ribosomal RNA, and the association of these components with 5S RNA and proteins synthesized outside the nucleolus. This association results in the formation of ribonucleoprotein precursors; these pass into the cytoplasm and mature into the 40S and 60S subunits of the ribosome.
ISBN:0198506732
A semiautonomous, self replicating organelle that occurs in varying numbers, shapes, and sizes in the cytoplasm of virtually all eukaryotic cells. It is notably the site of tissue respiration.
NIF_Subcellular:sao1860313010
Wikipedia:Mitochondrion
mitochondria
cellular_component
GO:0005739
Some anaerobic or microaerophilic organisms (e.g. Entamoeba histolytica, Giardia intestinalis and several Microsporidia species) do not have mitochondria, and contain mitochondrion-related organelles (MROs) instead, called mitosomes or hydrogenosomes, very likely derived from mitochondria. To annotate gene products located in these mitochondrial relics in species such as Entamoeba histolytica, Giardia intestinalis or others, please use GO:0032047 'mitosome' or GO:0042566 'hydrogenosome'. (See PMID:24316280 for a list of species currently known to contain mitochondrion-related organelles.)
mitochondrion
A semiautonomous, self replicating organelle that occurs in varying numbers, shapes, and sizes in the cytoplasm of virtually all eukaryotic cells. It is notably the site of tissue respiration.
GOC:giardia
ISBN:0198506732
A vacuole to which materials ingested by endocytosis are delivered.
NIF_Subcellular:sao1720343330
Wikipedia:Endosome
cellular_component
GO:0005768
endosome
A vacuole to which materials ingested by endocytosis are delivered.
ISBN:0198506732
PMID:19696797
A closed structure, found only in eukaryotic cells, that is completely surrounded by unit membrane and contains liquid material. Cells contain one or several vacuoles, that may have different functions from each other. Vacuoles have a diverse array of functions. They can act as a storage organelle for nutrients or waste products, as a degradative compartment, as a cost-effective way of increasing cell size, and as a homeostatic regulator controlling both turgor pressure and pH of the cytosol.
Wikipedia:Vacuole
cellular_component
vacuolar carboxypeptidase Y
GO:0005773
vacuole
A closed structure, found only in eukaryotic cells, that is completely surrounded by unit membrane and contains liquid material. Cells contain one or several vacuoles, that may have different functions from each other. Vacuoles have a diverse array of functions. They can act as a storage organelle for nutrients or waste products, as a degradative compartment, as a cost-effective way of increasing cell size, and as a homeostatic regulator controlling both turgor pressure and pH of the cytosol.
GOC:mtg_sensu
ISBN:0198506732
A small organelle enclosed by a single membrane, and found in most eukaryotic cells. Contains peroxidases and other enzymes involved in a variety of metabolic processes including free radical detoxification, lipid catabolism and biosynthesis, and hydrogen peroxide metabolism.
GO:0019818
peroxisome vesicle
NIF_Subcellular:sao499555322
Wikipedia:Peroxisome
cellular_component
peroxisomal
GO:0005777
peroxisome
A small organelle enclosed by a single membrane, and found in most eukaryotic cells. Contains peroxidases and other enzymes involved in a variety of metabolic processes including free radical detoxification, lipid catabolism and biosynthesis, and hydrogen peroxide metabolism.
GOC:pm
PMID:9302272
UniProtKB-KW:KW-0576
The irregular network of unit membranes, visible only by electron microscopy, that occurs in the cytoplasm of many eukaryotic cells. The membranes form a complex meshwork of tubular channels, which are often expanded into slitlike cavities called cisternae. The ER takes two forms, rough (or granular), with ribosomes adhering to the outer surface, and smooth (with no ribosomes attached).
NIF_Subcellular:sao1036339110
Wikipedia:Endoplasmic_reticulum
ER
cellular_component
GO:0005783
endoplasmic reticulum
The irregular network of unit membranes, visible only by electron microscopy, that occurs in the cytoplasm of many eukaryotic cells. The membranes form a complex meshwork of tubular channels, which are often expanded into slitlike cavities called cisternae. The ER takes two forms, rough (or granular), with ribosomes adhering to the outer surface, and smooth (with no ribosomes attached).
ISBN:0198506732
A membrane-bound cytoplasmic organelle of the endomembrane system that further processes the core oligosaccharides (e.g. N-glycans) added to proteins in the endoplasmic reticulum and packages them into membrane-bound vesicles. The Golgi apparatus operates at the intersection of the secretory, lysosomal, and endocytic pathways.
Golgi
NIF_Subcellular:sao451912436
Wikipedia:Golgi_apparatus
Golgi complex
Golgi ribbon
cellular_component
GO:0005794
Note that the Golgi apparatus can be located in various places in the cytoplasm. In plants and lower animal cells, the Golgi apparatus exists as many copies of discrete stacks dispersed throughout the cytoplasm, while the Golgi apparatus of interphase mammalian cells is a juxtanuclear, often pericentriolar reticulum, where the discrete Golgi stacks are stitched together to form a compact and interconnected ribbon, sometimes called the Golgi ribbon.
Golgi apparatus
A membrane-bound cytoplasmic organelle of the endomembrane system that further processes the core oligosaccharides (e.g. N-glycans) added to proteins in the endoplasmic reticulum and packages them into membrane-bound vesicles. The Golgi apparatus operates at the intersection of the secretory, lysosomal, and endocytic pathways.
ISBN:0198506732
The part of the cytoplasm that does not contain organelles but which does contain other particulate matter, such as protein complexes.
NIF_Subcellular:sao101633890
Wikipedia:Cytosol
cellular_component
GO:0005829
cytosol
The part of the cytoplasm that does not contain organelles but which does contain other particulate matter, such as protein complexes.
GOC:hjd
GOC:jl
A cellular structure that forms the internal framework of eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells. The cytoskeleton includes intermediate filaments, microfilaments, microtubules, the microtrabecular lattice, and other structures characterized by a polymeric filamentous nature and long-range order within the cell. The various elements of the cytoskeleton not only serve in the maintenance of cellular shape but also have roles in other cellular functions, including cellular movement, cell division, endocytosis, and movement of organelles.
Wikipedia:Cytoskeleton
cellular_component
GO:0005856
cytoskeleton
A cellular structure that forms the internal framework of eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells. The cytoskeleton includes intermediate filaments, microfilaments, microtubules, the microtrabecular lattice, and other structures characterized by a polymeric filamentous nature and long-range order within the cell. The various elements of the cytoskeleton not only serve in the maintenance of cellular shape but also have roles in other cellular functions, including cellular movement, cell division, endocytosis, and movement of organelles.
GOC:mah
PMID:16959967
PMID:27419875
The membrane surrounding a cell that separates the cell from its external environment. It consists of a phospholipid bilayer and associated proteins.
GO:0005887
GO:0005904
juxtamembrane
NIF_Subcellular:sao1663586795
Wikipedia:Cell_membrane
cell membrane
cellular membrane
cytoplasmic membrane
plasmalemma
bacterial inner membrane
inner endospore membrane
integral component of plasma membrane
integral to plasma membrane
plasma membrane lipid bilayer
cellular_component
GO:0005886
plasma membrane
The membrane surrounding a cell that separates the cell from its external environment. It consists of a phospholipid bilayer and associated proteins.
ISBN:0716731363
cellular membrane
NIF_Subcellular:sao6433132645
plasma membrane lipid bilayer
GOC:mah
A specialized eukaryotic organelle that consists of a filiform extrusion of the cell surface and of some cytoplasmic parts. Each cilium is largely bounded by an extrusion of the cytoplasmic (plasma) membrane, and contains a regular longitudinal array of microtubules, anchored to a basal body.
GO:0072372
FMA:67181
NIF_Subcellular:sao787716553
Wikipedia:Cilium
eukaryotic flagellum
microtubule-based flagellum
primary cilium
cellular_component
flagellum
GO:0005929
Note that we deem cilium and microtubule-based flagellum to be equivalent. In most eukaryotic species, intracellular sub-components of the cilium, such as the ciliary base and rootlet, are located near the plasma membrane. In Diplomonads such as Giardia, instead, the same ciliary parts are located further intracellularly. Also, 'cilium' may be used when axonemal structure and/or motility are unknown, or when axonemal structure is unusual. For all other cases, please refer to children of 'cilium'. Finally, note that any role of ciliary proteins in sensory events should be captured by annotating to relevant biological process terms.
cilium
A specialized eukaryotic organelle that consists of a filiform extrusion of the cell surface and of some cytoplasmic parts. Each cilium is largely bounded by an extrusion of the cytoplasmic (plasma) membrane, and contains a regular longitudinal array of microtubules, anchored to a basal body.
GOC:cilia
GOC:curators
GOC:kmv
GOC:vw
ISBN:0198547684
PMID:16824949
PMID:17009929
PMID:20144998
The chemical reactions and pathways involving carbohydrates, any of a group of organic compounds based of the general formula Cx(H2O)y.
https://github.com/geneontology/go-ontology/issues/22880
jl
2012-10-23T15:40:34Z
GO:0044261
GO:0044723
Wikipedia:Carbohydrate_metabolism
carbohydrate metabolism
biological_process
GO:0005975
carbohydrate metabolic process
The chemical reactions and pathways involving carbohydrates, any of a group of organic compounds based of the general formula Cx(H2O)y.
GOC:mah
ISBN:0198506732
The chemical reactions and pathways involving alcohols, any of a class of compounds containing one or more hydroxyl groups attached to a saturated carbon atom.
alcohol metabolism
biological_process
GO:0006066
alcohol metabolic process
The chemical reactions and pathways involving alcohols, any of a class of compounds containing one or more hydroxyl groups attached to a saturated carbon atom.
ISBN:0198506732
The chemical reactions and pathways involving pyruvate, 2-oxopropanoate.
GO:0006087
MetaCyc:P41-PWY
Wikipedia:Pyruvic_acid
pyruvate metabolism
biological_process
pyruvate dehydrogenase bypass
GO:0006090
pyruvate metabolic process
The chemical reactions and pathways involving pyruvate, 2-oxopropanoate.
GOC:go_curators
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of precursor metabolites, substances from which energy is derived, and any process involved in the liberation of energy from these substances.
energy pathways
biological_process
intermediary metabolism
metabolic energy generation
GO:0006091
generation of precursor metabolites and energy
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of precursor metabolites, substances from which energy is derived, and any process involved in the liberation of energy from these substances.
GOC:jl
intermediary metabolism
GOC:mah
The cellular metabolic process in which a cell duplicates one or more molecules of DNA. DNA replication begins when specific sequences, known as origins of replication, are recognized and bound by the origin recognition complex, and ends when the original DNA molecule has been completely duplicated and the copies topologically separated. The unit of replication usually corresponds to the genome of the cell, an organelle, or a virus. The template for replication can either be an existing DNA molecule or RNA.
https://github.com/geneontology/go-ontology/issues/10596
GO:0055133
Wikipedia:DNA_replication
biological_process
GO:0006260
DNA biosynthesis is only part of this process. See also the biological process terms 'DNA-dependent DNA replication ; GO:0006261' and 'RNA-dependent DNA replication ; GO:0006278'.
DNA replication
The cellular metabolic process in which a cell duplicates one or more molecules of DNA. DNA replication begins when specific sequences, known as origins of replication, are recognized and bound by the origin recognition complex, and ends when the original DNA molecule has been completely duplicated and the copies topologically separated. The unit of replication usually corresponds to the genome of the cell, an organelle, or a virus. The template for replication can either be an existing DNA molecule or RNA.
GOC:mah
The process of restoring DNA after damage. Genomes are subject to damage by chemical and physical agents in the environment (e.g. UV and ionizing radiations, chemical mutagens, fungal and bacterial toxins, etc.) and by free radicals or alkylating agents endogenously generated in metabolism. DNA is also damaged because of errors during its replication. A variety of different DNA repair pathways have been reported that include direct reversal, base excision repair, nucleotide excision repair, photoreactivation, bypass, double-strand break repair pathway, and mismatch repair pathway.
Wikipedia:DNA_repair
biological_process
GO:0006281
DNA repair
The process of restoring DNA after damage. Genomes are subject to damage by chemical and physical agents in the environment (e.g. UV and ionizing radiations, chemical mutagens, fungal and bacterial toxins, etc.) and by free radicals or alkylating agents endogenously generated in metabolism. DNA is also damaged because of errors during its replication. A variety of different DNA repair pathways have been reported that include direct reversal, base excision repair, nucleotide excision repair, photoreactivation, bypass, double-strand break repair pathway, and mismatch repair pathway.
PMID:11563486
Any process in which a new genotype is formed by reassortment of genes resulting in gene combinations different from those that were present in the parents. In eukaryotes genetic recombination can occur by chromosome assortment, intrachromosomal recombination, or nonreciprocal interchromosomal recombination. Interchromosomal recombination occurs by crossing over. In bacteria it may occur by genetic transformation, conjugation, transduction, or F-duction.
biological_process
GO:0006310
DNA recombination
Any process in which a new genotype is formed by reassortment of genes resulting in gene combinations different from those that were present in the parents. In eukaryotes genetic recombination can occur by chromosome assortment, intrachromosomal recombination, or nonreciprocal interchromosomal recombination. Interchromosomal recombination occurs by crossing over. In bacteria it may occur by genetic transformation, conjugation, transduction, or F-duction.
ISBN:0198506732
The synthesis of an RNA transcript from a DNA template.
https://github.com/geneontology/go-ontology/issues/14854
https://github.com/geneontology/go-ontology/issues/16737
https://github.com/geneontology/go-ontology/issues/22258
https://github.com/geneontology/go-ontology/issues/22555
GO:0001121
GO:0006350
GO:0061018
GO:0061022
cellular transcription
transcription
Wikipedia:Transcription_(genetics)
DNA-dependent transcription
transcription, DNA-dependent
transcription, DNA-templated
bacterial transcription
transcription from bacterial-type RNA polymerase promoter
biological_process
GO:0006351
DNA-templated transcription
The synthesis of an RNA transcript from a DNA template.
GOC:jl
GOC:txnOH
transcription, DNA-dependent
GOC:txnOH
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cellular DNA-templated transcription.
https://github.com/geneontology/go-ontology/issues/25256
GO:0032583
GO:0045449
GO:0061019
transcriptional control
regulation of cellular transcription, DNA-dependent
regulation of transcription, DNA-dependent
regulation of transcription, DNA-templated
biological_process
regulation of gene-specific transcription
GO:0006355
regulation of DNA-templated transcription
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cellular DNA-templated transcription.
GOC:go_curators
GOC:txnOH
regulation of transcription, DNA-dependent
GOC:txnOH
Any process involved in the conversion of one or more primary RNA transcripts into one or more mature RNA molecules.
GO:0006394
Wikipedia:Post-transcriptional_modification
biological_process
GO:0006396
RNA processing
Any process involved in the conversion of one or more primary RNA transcripts into one or more mature RNA molecules.
GOC:mah
The chemical reactions and pathways involving tRNA, transfer RNA, a class of relatively small RNA molecules responsible for mediating the insertion of amino acids into the sequence of nascent polypeptide chains during protein synthesis. Transfer RNA is characterized by the presence of many unusual minor bases, the function of which has not been completely established.
tRNA metabolism
biological_process
GO:0006399
tRNA metabolic process
The chemical reactions and pathways involving tRNA, transfer RNA, a class of relatively small RNA molecules responsible for mediating the insertion of amino acids into the sequence of nascent polypeptide chains during protein synthesis. Transfer RNA is characterized by the presence of many unusual minor bases, the function of which has not been completely established.
ISBN:0198506732
A process in which RNA is transported to, or maintained in, a specific location.
RNA localisation
establishment and maintenance of RNA localization
biological_process
GO:0006403
RNA localization
A process in which RNA is transported to, or maintained in, a specific location.
GOC:ai
RNA localisation
GOC:mah
The cellular metabolic process in which a protein is formed, using the sequence of a mature mRNA or circRNA molecule to specify the sequence of amino acids in a polypeptide chain. Translation is mediated by the ribosome, and begins with the formation of a ternary complex between aminoacylated initiator methionine tRNA, GTP, and initiation factor 2, which subsequently associates with the small subunit of the ribosome and an mRNA or circRNA. Translation ends with the release of a polypeptide chain from the ribosome.
GO:0006416
GO:0006453
GO:0043037
Wikipedia:Translation_(genetics)
protein anabolism
protein biosynthesis
protein biosynthetic process
protein formation
protein synthesis
protein translation
biological_process
GO:0006412
translation
The cellular metabolic process in which a protein is formed, using the sequence of a mature mRNA or circRNA molecule to specify the sequence of amino acids in a polypeptide chain. Translation is mediated by the ribosome, and begins with the formation of a ternary complex between aminoacylated initiator methionine tRNA, GTP, and initiation factor 2, which subsequently associates with the small subunit of the ribosome and an mRNA or circRNA. Translation ends with the release of a polypeptide chain from the ribosome.
GOC:go_curators
The process of assisting in the covalent and noncovalent assembly of single chain polypeptides or multisubunit complexes into the correct tertiary structure.
https://github.com/geneontology/go-ontology/issues/25673
GO:0007022
GO:0007024
GO:0007025
Wikipedia:Protein_folding
alpha-tubulin folding
beta-tubulin folding
chaperonin-mediated tubulin folding
biological_process
chaperone activity
chaperonin ATPase activity
co-chaperone activity
co-chaperonin activity
glycoprotein-specific chaperone activity
non-chaperonin molecular chaperone ATPase activity
protein complex assembly, multichaperone pathway
GO:0006457
protein folding
The process of assisting in the covalent and noncovalent assembly of single chain polypeptides or multisubunit complexes into the correct tertiary structure.
GOC:go_curators
GOC:rb
alpha-tubulin folding
GOC:mah
beta-tubulin folding
GOC:mah
chaperonin-mediated tubulin folding
GOC:mah
The covalent attachment of lipid groups to an amino acid in a protein.
GO:0042050
RESID:AA0059
RESID:AA0060
RESID:AA0077
RESID:AA0078
RESID:AA0079
RESID:AA0080
RESID:AA0102
RESID:AA0103
RESID:AA0104
RESID:AA0106
RESID:AA0107
RESID:AA0158
RESID:AA0159
RESID:AA0160
RESID:AA0161
RESID:AA0162
RESID:AA0163
RESID:AA0166
RESID:AA0223
RESID:AA0290
RESID:AA0307
RESID:AA0308
RESID:AA0309
RESID:AA0316
lipid:protein modification
protein amino acid lipidation
biological_process
GO:0006497
For non-covalent interactions with a lipid, consider instead the term 'lipid binding ; GO:0008289' and its children.
protein lipidation
The covalent attachment of lipid groups to an amino acid in a protein.
GOC:jl
protein amino acid lipidation
GOC:bf
The chemical reactions and pathways involving amino acids, carboxylic acids containing one or more amino groups.
https://github.com/geneontology/go-ontology/issues/17904
GO:0006519
cellular amino acid metabolic process
cellular amino acid metabolism
biological_process
amino acid and derivative metabolism
cellular amino acid and derivative metabolic process
GO:0006520
amino acid metabolic process
The chemical reactions and pathways involving amino acids, carboxylic acids containing one or more amino groups.
ISBN:0198506732
The chemical reactions and pathways involving compounds derived from amino acids, organic acids containing one or more amino substituents.
amino acid derivative metabolic process
cellular amino acid derivative metabolic process
cellular amino acid derivative metabolism
cellular modified amino acid metabolism
modified amino acid metabolic process
modified amino acid metabolism
biological_process
GO:0006575
cellular modified amino acid metabolic process
The chemical reactions and pathways involving compounds derived from amino acids, organic acids containing one or more amino substituents.
GOC:ai
cellular modified amino acid metabolism
GOC:mah
modified amino acid metabolic process
GOC:mah
modified amino acid metabolism
GOC:mah
The chemical reactions and pathways involving polyamines, any organic compound containing two or more amino groups.
polyamine metabolism
biological_process
GO:0006595
polyamine metabolic process
The chemical reactions and pathways involving polyamines, any organic compound containing two or more amino groups.
ISBN:0198506732
The chemical reactions and pathways involving lipids, compounds soluble in an organic solvent but not, or sparingly, in an aqueous solvent. Includes fatty acids; neutral fats, other fatty-acid esters, and soaps; long-chain (fatty) alcohols and waxes; sphingoids and other long-chain bases; glycolipids, phospholipids and sphingolipids; and carotenes, polyprenols, sterols, terpenes and other isoprenoids.
Wikipedia:Lipid_metabolism
lipid metabolism
biological_process
GO:0006629
lipid metabolic process
The chemical reactions and pathways involving lipids, compounds soluble in an organic solvent but not, or sparingly, in an aqueous solvent. Includes fatty acids; neutral fats, other fatty-acid esters, and soaps; long-chain (fatty) alcohols and waxes; sphingoids and other long-chain bases; glycolipids, phospholipids and sphingolipids; and carotenes, polyprenols, sterols, terpenes and other isoprenoids.
GOC:ma
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of ubiquinone, a lipid-soluble electron-transporting coenzyme.
MetaCyc:UBISYN-PWY
coenzyme Q biosynthesis
coenzyme Q biosynthetic process
ubiquinone anabolism
ubiquinone biosynthesis
ubiquinone formation
ubiquinone synthesis
coenzyme Q10 biosynthesis
coenzyme Q10 biosynthetic process
coenzyme Q6 biosynthesis
coenzyme Q6 biosynthetic process
coenzyme Q8 biosynthesis
coenzyme Q8 biosynthetic process
coenzyme Q9 biosynthesis
coenzyme Q9 biosynthetic process
biological_process
GO:0006744
ubiquinone biosynthetic process
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of ubiquinone, a lipid-soluble electron-transporting coenzyme.
GOC:mah
The chemical reactions and pathways involving vitamins. Vitamin is a general term for a number of unrelated organic substances that occur in many foods in small amounts and that are necessary in trace amounts for the normal metabolic functioning of the body. Vitamins may be water-soluble or fat-soluble and usually serve as components of coenzyme systems.
vitamin metabolism
biological_process
GO:0006766
vitamin metabolic process
The chemical reactions and pathways involving vitamins. Vitamin is a general term for a number of unrelated organic substances that occur in many foods in small amounts and that are necessary in trace amounts for the normal metabolic functioning of the body. Vitamins may be water-soluble or fat-soluble and usually serve as components of coenzyme systems.
GOC:ai
The chemical reactions and pathways involving the nonmetallic element sulfur or compounds that contain sulfur, such as the amino acids methionine and cysteine or the tripeptide glutathione.
Wikipedia:Sulfur_metabolism
sulfur metabolism
sulphur metabolic process
sulphur metabolism
biological_process
GO:0006790
sulfur compound metabolic process
The chemical reactions and pathways involving the nonmetallic element sulfur or compounds that contain sulfur, such as the amino acids methionine and cysteine or the tripeptide glutathione.
GOC:ai
The directed movement of a monoatomic ion into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. Monatomic ions (also called simple ions) are ions consisting of exactly one atom.
ion transport
biological_process
GO:0006811
monoatomic ion transport
The directed movement of a monoatomic ion into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. Monatomic ions (also called simple ions) are ions consisting of exactly one atom.
GOC:ai
Transport of substances into, out of or within a mitochondrion.
https://github.com/geneontology/go-ontology/issues/22316
biological_process
GO:0006839
mitochondrial transport
Transport of substances into, out of or within a mitochondrion.
GOC:ai
The directed movement of lipids into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. Lipids are compounds soluble in an organic solvent but not, or sparingly, in an aqueous solvent.
biological_process
GO:0006869
lipid transport
The directed movement of lipids into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. Lipids are compounds soluble in an organic solvent but not, or sparingly, in an aqueous solvent.
ISBN:0198506732
The directed movement of molecules between the nucleus and the cytoplasm.
GO:0000063
nucleocytoplasmic shuttling
biological_process
GO:0006913
Note that transport through the nuclear pore complex is not transmembrane because the nuclear membrane is a double membrane, and is not traversed.
nucleocytoplasmic transport
The directed movement of molecules between the nucleus and the cytoplasm.
GOC:go_curators
The cellular catabolic process in which cells digest cellular materials, such as organelles and other macromolecular constituents, or non-self materials such as intracellular pathogens. Autophagy serves to provide essential nutrients under conditions of cellular stress; or can remodel intracellular structures during cell differentiation.
https://github.com/geneontology/go-ontology/issues/25541#issuecomment-1740659745
GO:0016238
Wikipedia:Autophagy_(cellular)
biological_process
GO:0006914
autophagy
The cellular catabolic process in which cells digest cellular materials, such as organelles and other macromolecular constituents, or non-self materials such as intracellular pathogens. Autophagy serves to provide essential nutrients under conditions of cellular stress; or can remodel intracellular structures during cell differentiation.
GOC:autophagy
ISBN:0198547684
PMID:11099404
PMID:29455577
PMID:9412464
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a disturbance in organismal or cellular homeostasis, usually, but not necessarily, exogenous (e.g. temperature, humidity, ionizing radiation).
biological_process
response to abiotic stress
response to biotic stress
GO:0006950
Note that this term is in the subset of terms that should not be used for direct gene product annotation. Instead, select a child term or, if no appropriate child term exists, please request a new term. Direct annotations to this term may be amended during annotation QC.
response to stress
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a disturbance in organismal or cellular homeostasis, usually, but not necessarily, exogenous (e.g. temperature, humidity, ionizing radiation).
GOC:mah
Any immune system process that functions in the calibrated response of an organism to a potential internal or invasive threat.
biological_process
GO:0006955
immune response
Any immune system process that functions in the calibrated response of an organism to a potential internal or invasive threat.
GOC:add
GO_REF:0000022
A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of the nucleus.
GO:0048287
nuclear organisation
nuclear organization
biological_process
nuclear morphology
nuclear organization and biogenesis
nucleus organization and biogenesis
GO:0006997
nucleus organization
A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of the nucleus.
GOC:dph
GOC:ems
GOC:jl
GOC:mah
nuclear organization and biogenesis
GOC:mah
nucleus organization and biogenesis
GOC:mah
A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a mitochondrion; includes mitochondrial morphogenesis and distribution, and replication of the mitochondrial genome as well as synthesis of new mitochondrial components.
mitochondria organization
mitochondrial biogenesis
mitochondrial organization
mitochondrion biogenesis
mitochondrion organisation
biological_process
mitochondrion morphogenesis
mitochondrion organization and biogenesis
GO:0007005
mitochondrion organization
A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a mitochondrion; includes mitochondrial morphogenesis and distribution, and replication of the mitochondrial genome as well as synthesis of new mitochondrial components.
GOC:dph
GOC:jl
GOC:mah
GOC:sgd_curators
PMID:9786946
mitochondria organization
GOC:mah
mitochondrion organisation
GOC:mah
A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of cytoskeletal structures.
cytoskeleton organisation
biological_process
cytoskeletal organization and biogenesis
cytoskeletal regulator activity
cytoskeleton organization and biogenesis
GO:0007010
cytoskeleton organization
A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of cytoskeletal structures.
GOC:dph
GOC:jl
GOC:mah
cytoskeletal organization and biogenesis
GOC:mah
cytoskeleton organization and biogenesis
GOC:mah
A microtubule-based process that results in the movement of organelles, other microtubules, or other cellular components. Examples include motor-driven movement along microtubules and movement driven by polymerization or depolymerization of microtubules.
biological_process
GO:0007018
microtubule-based movement
A microtubule-based process that results in the movement of organelles, other microtubules, or other cellular components. Examples include motor-driven movement along microtubules and movement driven by polymerization or depolymerization of microtubules.
GOC:cjm
ISBN:0815316194
A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a peroxisome. A peroxisome is a small, membrane-bounded organelle that uses dioxygen (O2) to oxidize organic molecules.
peroxisome organisation
biological_process
peroxisome organization and biogenesis
GO:0007031
peroxisome organization
A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a peroxisome. A peroxisome is a small, membrane-bounded organelle that uses dioxygen (O2) to oxidize organic molecules.
GOC:mah
peroxisome organization and biogenesis
GOC:mah
A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a vacuole.
GO:0044086
vacuole organisation
vacuolar assembly
biological_process
vacuole biogenesis
vacuole organization and biogenesis
GO:0007033
vacuole organization
A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a vacuole.
GOC:mah
vacuolar assembly
GOC:mah
vacuole biogenesis
GOC:mah
vacuole organization and biogenesis
GOC:mah
The process in which genetic material, in the form of chromosomes, is organized into specific structures and then physically separated and apportioned to two or more sets. In eukaryotes, chromosome segregation begins with the condensation of chromosomes, includes chromosome separation, and ends when chromosomes have completed movement to the spindle poles.
Wikipedia:Chromosome_segregation
chromosome division
biological_process
chromosome transmission
GO:0007059
chromosome segregation
The process in which genetic material, in the form of chromosomes, is organized into specific structures and then physically separated and apportioned to two or more sets. In eukaryotes, chromosome segregation begins with the condensation of chromosomes, includes chromosome separation, and ends when chromosomes have completed movement to the spindle poles.
GOC:jl
GOC:mah
GOC:mtg_cell_cycle
GOC:vw
The attachment of a cell, either to another cell or to an underlying substrate such as the extracellular matrix, via cell adhesion molecules.
dos
2014-04-15T15:59:10Z
GO:0098602
Wikipedia:Cell_adhesion
biological_process
cell adhesion molecule activity
single organism cell adhesion
GO:0007155
cell adhesion
The attachment of a cell, either to another cell or to an underlying substrate such as the extracellular matrix, via cell adhesion molecules.
GOC:hb
GOC:pf
Any cellular process that results in the specification, formation or maintenance of anisotropic intracellular organization or cell growth patterns.
GO:0030012
GO:0030467
biological_process
cell polarity
establishment and/or maintenance of cell polarity
establishment and/or maintenance of cell polarization
GO:0007163
establishment or maintenance of cell polarity
Any cellular process that results in the specification, formation or maintenance of anisotropic intracellular organization or cell growth patterns.
GOC:mah
cell polarity
GOC:mah
GOC:vw
The series of molecular signals initiated by an extracellular ligand binding to a receptor located on the cell surface. The pathway ends with regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription.
https://github.com/geneontology/go-ontology/issues/26960
cell surface receptor linked signal transduction
cell surface receptor linked signaling pathway
cell surface receptor linked signalling pathway
biological_process
GO:0007166
cell surface receptor signaling pathway
The series of molecular signals initiated by an extracellular ligand binding to a receptor located on the cell surface. The pathway ends with regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription.
GOC:signaling
cell surface receptor linked signaling pathway
GOC:bf
cell surface receptor linked signalling pathway
GOC:mah
The series of molecular signals initiated by a ligand binding to its receptor, in which the activated receptor promotes the exchange of GDP for GTP on the alpha-subunit of an associated heterotrimeric G-protein complex. The GTP-bound activated alpha-G-protein then dissociates from the beta- and gamma-subunits to further transmit the signal within the cell. The pathway begins with receptor-ligand interaction, and ends with regulation of a downstream cellular process. The pathway can start from the plasma membrane, Golgi or nuclear membrane.
GO:0038042
G protein coupled receptor protein signaling pathway
G protein coupled receptor protein signalling pathway
G-protein coupled receptor protein signal transduction
G-protein coupled receptor protein signaling pathway
G-protein coupled receptor signalling pathway
G-protein-coupled receptor protein signalling pathway
GPCR signaling pathway
GPCR signalling pathway
G-protein coupled receptor signaling pathway via GPCR dimer
dimeric G-protein coupled receptor signaling pathway
dimeric G-protein coupled receptor signalling pathway
biological_process
GO:0007186
G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway
The series of molecular signals initiated by a ligand binding to its receptor, in which the activated receptor promotes the exchange of GDP for GTP on the alpha-subunit of an associated heterotrimeric G-protein complex. The GTP-bound activated alpha-G-protein then dissociates from the beta- and gamma-subunits to further transmit the signal within the cell. The pathway begins with receptor-ligand interaction, and ends with regulation of a downstream cellular process. The pathway can start from the plasma membrane, Golgi or nuclear membrane.
GOC:bf
GOC:mah
PMID:16902576
PMID:24568158
Wikipedia:G_protein-coupled_receptor
G-protein coupled receptor protein signaling pathway
GOC:bf
G-protein coupled receptor signaling pathway via GPCR dimer
GOC:bf
dimeric G-protein coupled receptor signalling pathway
GOC:mah
A complex and coordinated series of cellular movements that occurs at the end of cleavage during embryonic development of most animals. The details of gastrulation vary from species to species, but usually result in the formation of the three primary germ layers, ectoderm, mesoderm and endoderm.
Wikipedia:Gastrulation
biological_process
GO:0007369
gastrulation
A complex and coordinated series of cellular movements that occurs at the end of cleavage during embryonic development of most animals. The details of gastrulation vary from species to species, but usually result in the formation of the three primary germ layers, ectoderm, mesoderm and endoderm.
GOC:curators
ISBN:9780878933846
Any developmental process that results in the creation of defined areas or spaces within an organism to which cells respond and eventually are instructed to differentiate.
biological_process
pattern biosynthesis
pattern formation
GO:0007389
pattern specification process
Any developmental process that results in the creation of defined areas or spaces within an organism to which cells respond and eventually are instructed to differentiate.
GOC:go_curators
GOC:isa_complete
ISBN:0521436125
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of nervous tissue over time, from its formation to its mature state.
biological_process
pan-neural process
GO:0007399
nervous system development
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of nervous tissue over time, from its formation to its mature state.
GOC:dgh
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of sensory organs over time, from its formation to the mature structure.
sense organ development
biological_process
GO:0007423
sensory organ development
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of sensory organs over time, from its formation to the mature structure.
GOC:go_curators
sense organ development
GOC:dph
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the salivary gland over time, from its formation to the mature structure. Salivary glands include any of the saliva-secreting exocrine glands of the oral cavity.
biological_process
GO:0007431
salivary gland development
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the salivary gland over time, from its formation to the mature structure. Salivary glands include any of the saliva-secreting exocrine glands of the oral cavity.
GOC:jid
UBERON:0001044
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the mesoderm over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The mesoderm is the middle germ layer that develops into muscle, bone, cartilage, blood and connective tissue.
biological_process
GO:0007498
mesoderm development
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the mesoderm over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The mesoderm is the middle germ layer that develops into muscle, bone, cartilage, blood and connective tissue.
GOC:dph
GOC:tb
The series of events required for an organism to receive a sensory stimulus, convert it to a molecular signal, and recognize and characterize the signal. This is a neurological process.
Wikipedia:Perception
biological_process
GO:0007600
sensory perception
The series of events required for an organism to receive a sensory stimulus, convert it to a molecular signal, and recognize and characterize the signal. This is a neurological process.
GOC:ai
GOC:dph
Any biological process in an organism that recurs with a regularity of approximately 24 hours.
GO:0050895
Wikipedia:Circadian_rhythm
circadian process
biological_process
circadian response
response to circadian rhythm
GO:0007623
circadian rhythm
Any biological process in an organism that recurs with a regularity of approximately 24 hours.
GOC:bf
GOC:go_curators
The specific movement from place to place of an organism in response to external or internal stimuli. Locomotion of a whole organism in a manner dependent upon some combination of that organism's internal state and external conditions.
behavior via locomotion
locomotion in response to stimulus
locomotory behavioral response to stimulus
locomotory behaviour
locomotory behavioural response to stimulus
biological_process
GO:0007626
locomotory behavior
The specific movement from place to place of an organism in response to external or internal stimuli. Locomotion of a whole organism in a manner dependent upon some combination of that organism's internal state and external conditions.
GOC:dph
Binding to chitin, a linear polysaccharide consisting of beta-(1->4)-linked N-acetyl-D-glucosamine residues.
molecular_function
GO:0008061
chitin binding
Binding to chitin, a linear polysaccharide consisting of beta-(1->4)-linked N-acetyl-D-glucosamine residues.
GOC:jl
ISBN:0198506732
Binding to a protein component of a cytoskeleton (actin, microtubule, or intermediate filament cytoskeleton).
molecular_function
GO:0008092
cytoskeletal protein binding
Binding to a protein component of a cytoskeleton (actin, microtubule, or intermediate filament cytoskeleton).
GOC:mah
Any process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained in, a specific location.
https://github.com/geneontology/go-ontology/issues/23112
GO:0008105
GO:0016249
GO:0034613
cellular protein localisation
cellular protein localization
protein localisation
channel localizer activity
biological_process
asymmetric protein localisation
asymmetric protein localization
establishment and maintenance of asymmetric protein localization
establishment and maintenance of protein localization
GO:0008104
protein localization
Any process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained in, a specific location.
GOC:ai
cellular protein localisation
GOC:mah
protein localisation
GOC:mah
channel localizer activity
GOC:mah
asymmetric protein localisation
GOC:mah
Binding to a transcription factor, a protein required to initiate or regulate transcription.
https://github.com/geneontology/go-ontology/issues/19354
TF binding
molecular_function
transcription regulator binding
GO:0008134
Note that this term should not be used for direct annotation. Please consier one of the more specific descendants, GO:0140297 ; DNA-binding transcription factor binding, GO:0140296 ; general transcription initiation factor binding or GO:0001221 ; transcription coregulator binding.
transcription factor binding
Binding to a transcription factor, a protein required to initiate or regulate transcription.
ISBN:0198506732
Catalysis of the transfer of a methyl group to an acceptor molecule.
GO:0004480
methylase
EC:2.1.1.-
Reactome:R-HSA-212269
Reactome:R-HSA-379387
Reactome:R-HSA-379464
Reactome:R-HSA-6800149
Reactome:R-HSA-71286
Reactome:R-HSA-9710490
molecular_function
GO:0008168
methyltransferase activity
Catalysis of the transfer of a methyl group to an acceptor molecule.
ISBN:0198506732
Reactome:R-HSA-212269
DNMT1,3A,3B:PRC2 methylates cytosine and histone H3
Reactome:R-HSA-379387
COMT transfers Met to DA to form 3MT
Reactome:R-HSA-379464
COMT transfers Met to DOPAC to form HVA
Reactome:R-HSA-6800149
N6AMT1:TRMT112 transfers CH3 group from AdoMet to MMAIII
Reactome:R-HSA-71286
guanidinoacetate + S-adenosylmethionine => creatine + S-adenosylhomocysteine
Reactome:R-HSA-9710490
The GSDME gene promoter is hypermethylated
Catalysis of the hydrolysis of a peptide bond. A peptide bond is a covalent bond formed when the carbon atom from the carboxyl group of one amino acid shares electrons with the nitrogen atom from the amino group of a second amino acid.
GO:0070010
GO:0070011
EC:3.4.-.-
Reactome:R-HSA-205112
Reactome:R-HSA-3000243
Reactome:R-HSA-3000263
Reactome:R-HSA-3065958
Reactome:R-HSA-3065959
Reactome:R-HSA-3139027
Reactome:R-HSA-376149
Reactome:R-HSA-4167501
Reactome:R-HSA-448678
Reactome:R-HSA-5655483
Reactome:R-HSA-5684864
Reactome:R-HSA-5685902
Reactome:R-HSA-6803060
hydrolase, acting on peptide bonds
peptide hydrolase activity
protease activity
peptidase activity, acting on D-amino acid peptides
peptidase activity, acting on L-amino acid peptides
proteinase activity
molecular_function
GO:0008233
peptidase activity
Catalysis of the hydrolysis of a peptide bond. A peptide bond is a covalent bond formed when the carbon atom from the carboxyl group of one amino acid shares electrons with the nitrogen atom from the amino group of a second amino acid.
GOC:jl
ISBN:0815332181
Reactome:R-HSA-205112
gamma-secretase cleaves p75NTR, releasing NRIF and TRAF6
Reactome:R-HSA-3000243
Unknown lysosomal protease degrades CBLIF:RCbl to release Cbl
Reactome:R-HSA-3000263
TCN2:RCbl is degraded to release RCbl
Reactome:R-HSA-3065958
An unknown protease degrades ACACA
Reactome:R-HSA-3065959
An unknown protease degrades hCBXs
Reactome:R-HSA-3139027
Maturation of HIV Virion
Reactome:R-HSA-376149
Proteolytic processing of SLIT
Reactome:R-HSA-4167501
An unknown protease degrades ACACB
Reactome:R-HSA-448678
CTSG cleaves CASP1(1-404)
Reactome:R-HSA-5655483
USP1 autocleavage
Reactome:R-HSA-5684864
NAPSA, CTSH, PGA3-5 cleave pro-SFTPB
Reactome:R-HSA-5685902
NAPSA, CTSH, PGA3-5 cleave pro-SFTPC
Reactome:R-HSA-6803060
DCD(63-110) is processed to DCD(63-109)
The multiplication or reproduction of cells, resulting in the expansion of a cell population.
biological_process
cell proliferation
GO:0008283
This term was moved out from being a child of 'cellular process' because it is a cell population-level process, and cellular processes are restricted to those processes that involve individual cells. Also note that this term is intended to be used for the proliferation of cells within a multicellular organism, not for the expansion of a population of single-celled organisms.
cell population proliferation
The multiplication or reproduction of cells, resulting in the expansion of a cell population.
GOC:mah
GOC:mb
Binding to a lipid.
molecular_function
GO:0008289
lipid binding
Binding to a lipid.
GOC:ai
The chemical reactions and pathways involving glycoproteins, a protein that contains covalently bound glycose (i.e. monosaccharide) residues; the glycose occurs most commonly as oligosaccharide or fairly small polysaccharide but occasionally as monosaccharide.
glycoprotein metabolism
biological_process
GO:0009100
glycoprotein metabolic process
The chemical reactions and pathways involving glycoproteins, a protein that contains covalently bound glycose (i.e. monosaccharide) residues; the glycose occurs most commonly as oligosaccharide or fairly small polysaccharide but occasionally as monosaccharide.
GOC:go_curators
ISBN:0198506732
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an external stimulus.
response to environmental stimulus
biological_process
GO:0009605
Note that this term is in the subset of terms that should not be used for direct gene product annotation. Instead, select a child term or, if no appropriate child term exists, please request a new term. Direct annotations to this term may be amended during annotation QC.
response to external stimulus
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an external stimulus.
GOC:hb
A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of the endomembrane system.
endomembrane organization
endomembrane system organisation
biological_process
GO:0010256
endomembrane system organization
A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of the endomembrane system.
GOC:mah
GOC:sm
endomembrane system organisation
GOC:mah
The chemical reactions and pathways involving miRNA, microRNA, a class of single-stranded RNA molecules of about 21-23 nucleotides in length, which regulates gene expression.
microRNA metabolic process
biological_process
GO:0010586
miRNA metabolic process
The chemical reactions and pathways involving miRNA, microRNA, a class of single-stranded RNA molecules of about 21-23 nucleotides in length, which regulates gene expression.
PMID:17993620
A process which begins when a cell receives an internal or external signal and activates a series of biochemical events (signaling pathway). The process ends with the death of the cell.
https://github.com/geneontology/go-ontology/issues/24835
GO:0016244
regulated cell death
Wikipedia:Programmed_cell_death
caspase-independent cell death
non-apoptotic programmed cell death
nonapoptotic programmed cell death
biological_process
PCD
RCD
caspase-independent apoptosis
GO:0012501
Note that this term should be used to annotate gene products in the organism undergoing the programmed cell death. To annotate genes in another organism whose products modulate programmed cell death in a host organism, consider the term 'modulation by symbiont of host programmed cell death ; GO:0052040'. Also, note that 'programmed cell death ; GO:0012501' should be used to refer to instances of caspase-independent cell death mechanisms, in the absence of further indications on the process taking place. At present, caspase-independent cell death is not yet represented in GO due to the lack of consensus and in-depth research on the topic. 'programmed cell death ; GO:0012501' may also be used to annotate gene products in taxa where apoptosis as defined in GO:0006915 does not occur, such as plants. You may also consider these specific children: GO:0097468 'programmed cell death in response to reactive oxygen species' (with descendants GO:0010421 'hydrogen peroxide-mediated programmed cell death' and GO:0010343 'singlet oxygen-mediated programmed cell death'), and GO:0009626 'plant-type hypersensitive response' and its children.
programmed cell death
A process which begins when a cell receives an internal or external signal and activates a series of biochemical events (signaling pathway). The process ends with the death of the cell.
GOC:lr
GOC:mtg_apoptosis
The process in which a cell irreversibly increases in size over time by accretion and biosynthetic production of matter similar to that already present.
GO:0048591
cellular growth
growth of cell
biological_process
cell expansion
metabolic process resulting in cell growth
metabolism resulting in cell growth
non-developmental cell growth
non-developmental growth of a unicellular organism
GO:0016049
cell growth
The process in which a cell irreversibly increases in size over time by accretion and biosynthetic production of matter similar to that already present.
GOC:ai
non-developmental cell growth
GOC:mah
non-developmental growth of a unicellular organism
GOC:mah
The chemical reactions and pathways involving mRNA, messenger RNA, which is responsible for carrying the coded genetic 'message', transcribed from DNA, to sites of protein assembly at the ribosomes.
mRNA metabolism
biological_process
GO:0016071
mRNA metabolic process
The chemical reactions and pathways involving mRNA, messenger RNA, which is responsible for carrying the coded genetic 'message', transcribed from DNA, to sites of protein assembly at the ribosomes.
ISBN:0198506732
The chemical reactions and pathways involving rRNA, ribosomal RNA, a structural constituent of ribosomes.
rRNA metabolism
biological_process
GO:0016072
rRNA metabolic process
The chemical reactions and pathways involving rRNA, ribosomal RNA, a structural constituent of ribosomes.
ISBN:0198506732
The chemical reactions and pathways involving snRNA, small nuclear RNA, any of various low-molecular-mass RNA molecules found in the eukaryotic nucleus as components of the small nuclear ribonucleoprotein.
snRNA metabolism
biological_process
GO:0016073
snRNA metabolic process
The chemical reactions and pathways involving snRNA, small nuclear RNA, any of various low-molecular-mass RNA molecules found in the eukaryotic nucleus as components of the small nuclear ribonucleoprotein.
ISBN:0198506732
The chemical reactions and pathways involving snoRNA, small nucleolar RNA, any of a class of small RNAs that are associated with the eukaryotic nucleus as components of small nucleolar ribonucleoproteins. They participate in the processing or modifications of many RNAs, mostly ribosomal RNAs (rRNAs) though snoRNAs are also known to target other classes of RNA, including spliceosomal RNAs, tRNAs, and mRNAs via a stretch of sequence that is complementary to a sequence in the targeted RNA.
box C/D sRNA metabolic process
snoRNA metabolism
biological_process
GO:0016074
sno(s)RNA metabolic process
The chemical reactions and pathways involving snoRNA, small nucleolar RNA, any of a class of small RNAs that are associated with the eukaryotic nucleus as components of small nucleolar ribonucleoproteins. They participate in the processing or modifications of many RNAs, mostly ribosomal RNAs (rRNAs) though snoRNAs are also known to target other classes of RNA, including spliceosomal RNAs, tRNAs, and mRNAs via a stretch of sequence that is complementary to a sequence in the targeted RNA.
GOC:krc
A cellular transport process in which transported substances are moved in membrane-bounded vesicles; transported substances are enclosed in the vesicle lumen or located in the vesicle membrane. The process begins with a step that directs a substance to the forming vesicle, and includes vesicle budding and coating. Vesicles are then targeted to, and fuse with, an acceptor membrane.
https://github.com/geneontology/go-ontology/issues/25421
GO:0006899
vesicle transport
vesicular transport
nonselective vesicle transport
biological_process
protein sorting along secretory pathway
vesicle trafficking
GO:0016192
vesicle-mediated transport
A cellular transport process in which transported substances are moved in membrane-bounded vesicles; transported substances are enclosed in the vesicle lumen or located in the vesicle membrane. The process begins with a step that directs a substance to the forming vesicle, and includes vesicle budding and coating. Vesicles are then targeted to, and fuse with, an acceptor membrane.
GOC:ai
GOC:mah
ISBN:08789310662000
vesicular transport
GOC:mah
Catalysis of the hydrolysis of a lipid or phospholipid.
https://github.com/geneontology/go-ontology/issues/21843
Reactome:R-HSA-163402
Reactome:R-HSA-163432
molecular_function
GO:0016298
lipase activity
Catalysis of the hydrolysis of a lipid or phospholipid.
GOC:mah
ISBN:0198506732
Reactome:R-HSA-163402
diacylglycerol + H2O -> 2-acylglycerol + fatty acid
Reactome:R-HSA-163432
cholesterol ester + H2O -> cholesterol + fatty acid
Catalysis of the transfer of a phosphate group, usually from ATP, to a substrate molecule.
Reactome:R-HSA-6788855
Reactome:R-HSA-6788867
phosphokinase activity
molecular_function
GO:0016301
Note that this term encompasses all activities that transfer a single phosphate group; although ATP is by far the most common phosphate donor, reactions using other phosphate donors are included in this term.
kinase activity
Catalysis of the transfer of a phosphate group, usually from ATP, to a substrate molecule.
ISBN:0198506732
Reactome:R-HSA-6788855
FN3KRP phosphorylates PsiAm, RibAm
Reactome:R-HSA-6788867
FN3K phosphorylates ketosamines
Catalysis of an oxidation-reduction (redox) reaction, a reversible chemical reaction in which the oxidation state of an atom or atoms within a molecule is altered. One substrate acts as a hydrogen or electron donor and becomes oxidized, while the other acts as hydrogen or electron acceptor and becomes reduced.
EC:1.-.-.-
Reactome:R-HSA-1614362
Reactome:R-HSA-209921
Reactome:R-HSA-209960
Reactome:R-HSA-3095889
Reactome:R-HSA-390425
Reactome:R-HSA-390438
Reactome:R-HSA-5662660
Reactome:R-HSA-8878581
Reactome:R-HSA-8936442
Reactome:R-HSA-9020249
Reactome:R-HSA-9020260
Reactome:R-HSA-9024624
Reactome:R-HSA-9024630
Reactome:R-HSA-9025007
Reactome:R-HSA-9026001
Reactome:R-HSA-9026917
Reactome:R-HSA-9027033
Reactome:R-HSA-9693722
redox activity
oxidoreductase activity, acting on other substrates
molecular_function
GO:0016491
oxidoreductase activity
Catalysis of an oxidation-reduction (redox) reaction, a reversible chemical reaction in which the oxidation state of an atom or atoms within a molecule is altered. One substrate acts as a hydrogen or electron donor and becomes oxidized, while the other acts as hydrogen or electron acceptor and becomes reduced.
GOC:go_curators
Reactome:R-HSA-1614362
SUMF1 mediates the oxidation of cysteine to formylglycine, producing active arylsulfatases
Reactome:R-HSA-209921
Monoiodinated tyrosine can be deiodinated
Reactome:R-HSA-209960
Diiodinated tyrosine can be deiodinated
Reactome:R-HSA-3095889
MMACHC dealkylates RCbl
Reactome:R-HSA-390425
FAR1 reduces PalmCoA to HXOL
Reactome:R-HSA-390438
FAR2 reduces PalmCoA to HXOL
Reactome:R-HSA-5662660
Dopachrome is transformed to DHICA by DCT
Reactome:R-HSA-8878581
TYRP1 oxidises DHICA to IQCA
Reactome:R-HSA-8936442
MARC1,MARC2 reduce N-hydroxylated compounds
Reactome:R-HSA-9020249
Hydroperoxy reductase reduces 4(S)-Hp-17(S)-HDHA to RvD6
Reactome:R-HSA-9020260
Hydroperoxy reducatse reduces 7(S)-Hp-17(S)-HDHA to RvD5
Reactome:R-HSA-9024624
Hydroperoxy reductase reduces 4(S)-Hp-17(R)-HDHA to AT-RvD6
Reactome:R-HSA-9024630
Hydroperoxy reductase reduces 7(S)-Hp-17(R)-HDHA to AT-RvD5
Reactome:R-HSA-9025007
Hydroperoxy reductase reduces 7(S),14(S)-diHp-DHA to 7-epi-MaR1
Reactome:R-HSA-9026001
Hydroperoxy reductase reduces 7,17-diHp-DPAn-3 to RvD5n-3DPA
Reactome:R-HSA-9026917
Lipoxygenase dehydrogenates 7(S),17(S)-diHp-DHA to 7S(8)-epoxy-17(S)-HDHA
Reactome:R-HSA-9027033
Hydroperoxy reducatase reduces 14(S)-Hp-DHA to 14(S)-HDHA
Reactome:R-HSA-9693722
Unknown sepiapterin synthase transforms PTHP to sepiapterin
Catalysis of the transfer of a group, e.g. a methyl group, glycosyl group, acyl group, phosphorus-containing, or other groups, from one compound (generally regarded as the donor) to another compound (generally regarded as the acceptor). Transferase is the systematic name for any enzyme of EC class 2.
EC:2.-.-.-
Reactome:R-HSA-1483089
Reactome:R-HSA-1483186
Reactome:R-HSA-5668414
Reactome:R-HSA-8868783
molecular_function
GO:0016740
transferase activity
Catalysis of the transfer of a group, e.g. a methyl group, glycosyl group, acyl group, phosphorus-containing, or other groups, from one compound (generally regarded as the donor) to another compound (generally regarded as the acceptor). Transferase is the systematic name for any enzyme of EC class 2.
ISBN:0198506732
Reactome:R-HSA-1483089
PE is converted to PS by PTDSS2
Reactome:R-HSA-1483186
PC is converted to PS by PTDSS1
Reactome:R-HSA-5668414
TRAF2 ubiquitinates cIAP1,2 in cIAP1,2:TRAF1:TRAF2:TRAF3:NIK
Reactome:R-HSA-8868783
TSR3 transfers aminocarboxypropyl group from S-adenosylmethionine to N(1)-methylpseudouridine-1248 of 18SE rRNA yielding N(1)-methyl-N(3)-aminocarboxypropylpseudouridine-1248
Catalysis of the transfer of an acyl group from one compound (donor) to another (acceptor).
https://github.com/geneontology/go-ontology/issues/20486
GO:0008415
EC:2.3.-.-
Reactome:R-HSA-159431
Reactome:R-HSA-192312
Reactome:R-HSA-193491
Reactome:R-HSA-6792572
Reactome:R-HSA-8858298
transferase activity, transferring acyl groups
molecular_function
GO:0016746
acyltransferase activity
Catalysis of the transfer of an acyl group from one compound (donor) to another (acceptor).
GOC:jl
ISBN:0198506732
Reactome:R-HSA-159431
Cytosolic chenodeoxycholoyl-CoA or choloyl-CoA are conjugated with glycine or taurine
Reactome:R-HSA-192312
Choloyl CoA reacts with glycine or taurine to form glycocholate or taurocholate
Reactome:R-HSA-193491
Chenodeoxycholoyl CoA reacts with glycine or taurine to form glycochenodeoxycholate or taurochenodeoxycholate
Reactome:R-HSA-6792572
LIPT1 transfers lipoyl group from lipoyl-GCSH to DHs
Reactome:R-HSA-8858298
HRASLS transfer acyl group from PC to PE to form NAPE
Catalysis of the transfer of a glycosyl group from one compound (donor) to another (acceptor).
GO:0016932
EC:2.4.-.-
Reactome:R-HSA-5173005
Reactome:R-HSA-6785565
transferase activity, transferring glycosyl groups
transglycosidase activity
transglycosylase activity
transferase activity, transferring other glycosyl groups
molecular_function
GO:0016757
glycosyltransferase activity
Catalysis of the transfer of a glycosyl group from one compound (donor) to another (acceptor).
GOC:jl
ISBN:0198506732
Reactome:R-HSA-5173005
B3GALTL transfers glucose to O-fucosyl-proteins
Reactome:R-HSA-6785565
Defective B3GALTL does not transfer glucose to O-fucosyl-proteins
Catalysis of the transfer of an alkyl or aryl (but not methyl) group from one compound (donor) to another (acceptor).
GO:0016766
EC:2.5.1.-
Reactome:R-HSA-3159253
Reactome:R-HSA-4419978
Reactome:R-HSA-4755545
Reactome:R-HSA-6782893
transferase activity, transferring alkyl or aryl groups, other than methyl groups
molecular_function
GO:0016765
transferase activity, transferring alkyl or aryl (other than methyl) groups
Catalysis of the transfer of an alkyl or aryl (but not methyl) group from one compound (donor) to another (acceptor).
GOC:jl
ISBN:0198506732
Reactome:R-HSA-3159253
MMAB adenosylates cob(I)alamin
Reactome:R-HSA-4419978
DHDDS:NUS1 elongates E,E-FPP with (n)IPPP to form pPPP
Reactome:R-HSA-4755545
Defective DHDDS does not elongate E,E-FPP
Reactome:R-HSA-6782893
TRMT12 transforms yW-187 yielding yW-86 at nucleotide 37 of tRNA(Phe)
Catalysis of the transfer of a phosphorus-containing group from one compound (donor) to an alcohol group (acceptor).
EC:2.7.1.-
Reactome:R-HSA-2161193
molecular_function
GO:0016773
phosphotransferase activity, alcohol group as acceptor
Catalysis of the transfer of a phosphorus-containing group from one compound (donor) to an alcohol group (acceptor).
GOC:jl
Reactome:R-HSA-2161193
abacavir + AMP => abacavir monophosphate + adenosine
Catalysis of the transfer of a nucleotidyl group to a reactant.
EC:2.7.7.-
Reactome:R-HSA-6782434
molecular_function
GO:0016779
nucleotidyltransferase activity
Catalysis of the transfer of a nucleotidyl group to a reactant.
ISBN:0198506732
Reactome:R-HSA-6782434
THG1L transfers GMP to 5' end of tRNA(His)
Catalysis of the hydrolysis of various bonds, e.g. C-O, C-N, C-C, phosphoric anhydride bonds, etc.
EC:3.-.-.-
Reactome:R-HSA-1236938
Reactome:R-HSA-2029475
Reactome:R-HSA-5694583
Reactome:R-HSA-5695964
Reactome:R-HSA-6786190
Reactome:R-HSA-6788295
Reactome:R-HSA-8938314
Reactome:R-HSA-8952137
molecular_function
GO:0016787
hydrolase activity
Catalysis of the hydrolysis of various bonds, e.g. C-O, C-N, C-C, phosphoric anhydride bonds, etc.
ISBN:0198506732
Reactome:R-HSA-1236938
Partial proteolysis of antigen in phagolysosomes
Reactome:R-HSA-2029475
Production of AA by iPLA2 upon FCGR activation
Reactome:R-HSA-5694583
ABHD4 hydrolyses NAPE
Reactome:R-HSA-5695964
ABHD14B hydrolyses PNPB
Reactome:R-HSA-6786190
CMBL hydrolyses OM to OLMS
Reactome:R-HSA-6788295
HDHD1:Mg2+ dephosphorylates PURIDP
Reactome:R-HSA-8938314
ENPPs hydrolyse CoA-SH to PPANT, PAP
Reactome:R-HSA-8952137
Phospholipid phosphatase 6 hydrolyses Presqualene diphosphate to presqualene monophosphate
Catalysis of the hydrolysis of phosphoric monoesters, releasing phosphate ions.
https://github.com/geneontology/go-ontology/issues/25755
GO:0003869
GO:0016302
EC:3.1.3.-
Reactome:R-HSA-4419986
Reactome:R-HSA-9636457
Reactome:R-HSA-9837419
phosphoric monoester hydrolase activity
molecular_function
phosphatase
GO:0016791
phosphatase activity
Catalysis of the hydrolysis of phosphoric monoesters, releasing phosphate ions.
GOC:curators
GOC:pg
Reactome:R-HSA-4419986
Unknown pPPP phosphatase dephosphorylates pPPP to pPNOL
Reactome:R-HSA-9636457
SapM dephosphorylates PI3P
Reactome:R-HSA-9837419
PANK4 hydrolyzes PPANT to pantetheine
Catalysis of the hydrolysis of any glycosyl bond.
EC:3.2.-.-
Reactome:R-HSA-1793176
Reactome:R-HSA-2065233
glycosidase activity
N-glycosylase
glycosylase
molecular_function
GO:0016798
hydrolase activity, acting on glycosyl bonds
Catalysis of the hydrolysis of any glycosyl bond.
GOC:jl
Reactome:R-HSA-1793176
DS is cleaved from its proteoglycan
Reactome:R-HSA-2065233
CS is cleaved from its proteoglycan
Catalysis of the hydrolysis of any carbon-nitrogen bond, C-N, with the exception of peptide bonds.
EC:3.5.-.-
Reactome:R-HSA-6803753
hydrolase activity, acting on carbon-nitrogen (but not peptide) bonds, in other compounds
molecular_function
GO:0016810
hydrolase activity, acting on carbon-nitrogen (but not peptide) bonds
Catalysis of the hydrolysis of any carbon-nitrogen bond, C-N, with the exception of peptide bonds.
GOC:jl
Reactome:R-HSA-6803753
NAAA hydrolyses NAEs to FAs and ethanolamine
Catalysis of the cleavage of C-C, C-O, C-N and other bonds by other means than by hydrolysis or oxidation, or conversely adding a group to a double bond. They differ from other enzymes in that two substrates are involved in one reaction direction, but only one in the other direction. When acting on the single substrate, a molecule is eliminated and this generates either a new double bond or a new ring.
EC:4.-.-.-
Reactome:R-HSA-5696408
Reactome:R-HSA-6782895
molecular_function
GO:0016829
lyase activity
Catalysis of the cleavage of C-C, C-O, C-N and other bonds by other means than by hydrolysis or oxidation, or conversely adding a group to a double bond. They differ from other enzymes in that two substrates are involved in one reaction direction, but only one in the other direction. When acting on the single substrate, a molecule is eliminated and this generates either a new double bond or a new ring.
ISBN:0198547684
Reactome:R-HSA-5696408
PXLP-K278-PHYKPL tetramer hydrolyses 5PHL
Reactome:R-HSA-6782895
TYW1:FMN:4Fe-4S transforms 1-methylguanosine yielding yW-187 (4-demethylwyosine) at nucleotide 37 of tRNA(Phe)
Catalysis of the geometric or structural changes within one molecule. Isomerase is the systematic name for any enzyme of EC class 5.
EC:5.-.-.-
Reactome:R-HSA-6787623
other isomerase activity
molecular_function
GO:0016853
isomerase activity
Catalysis of the geometric or structural changes within one molecule. Isomerase is the systematic name for any enzyme of EC class 5.
ISBN:0198506732
Reactome:R-HSA-6787623
TSTA3 dimer epimerises GDP-DHDMan to GDP-KDGal
Catalysis of the joining of two molecules, or two groups within a single molecule, using the energy from the hydrolysis of ATP, a similar triphosphate, or a pH gradient.
https://github.com/geneontology/go-ontology/issues/19380
EC:6.-.-.-
synthetase activity
molecular_function
GO:0016874
ligase activity
Catalysis of the joining of two molecules, or two groups within a single molecule, using the energy from the hydrolysis of ATP, a similar triphosphate, or a pH gradient.
GOC:mah
synthetase activity
GOC:jh2
Catalysis of the transfer of a ubiquitin-like from one protein to another via the reaction X-ULP + Y = Y-ULP + X, where both X-ULP and Y-ULP are covalent linkages. ULP represents a ubiquitin-like protein.
https://github.com/geneontology/go-ontology/issues/24697
GO:0008639
GO:0008640
E2
Reactome:R-HSA-5678490
Reactome:R-HSA-688137
small conjugating protein transferase activity
small conjugating protein ligase activity
small protein conjugating enzyme activity
ubiquitin-like conjugating enzyme activity
ubiquitin-like-protein ligase activity
molecular_function
E3
GO:0019787
ubiquitin-like protein transferase activity
Catalysis of the transfer of a ubiquitin-like from one protein to another via the reaction X-ULP + Y = Y-ULP + X, where both X-ULP and Y-ULP are covalent linkages. ULP represents a ubiquitin-like protein.
GOC:mah
GOC:rn
PMID:10806345
PMID:10884686
Reactome:R-HSA-5678490
ATG16L1 complex transfers LC3 from ATG3 to PE
Reactome:R-HSA-688137
RIP2 is K63 polyubiquitinated
small conjugating protein transferase activity
GOC:dph
small conjugating protein ligase activity
GOC:dph
E3
GOC:dph
Enables the transfer of a substance, usually a specific substance or a group of related substances, from one side of a membrane to the other.
GO:0005386
GO:0015563
GO:0015646
GO:0022891
GO:0022892
Reactome:R-HSA-1236947
Reactome:R-HSA-429036
Reactome:R-HSA-434650
Reactome:R-HSA-5638209
Reactome:R-HSA-5671707
Reactome:R-HSA-6784434
Reactome:R-HSA-6784436
molecular_function
substrate-specific transmembrane transporter activity
substrate-specific transporter activity
uptake permease activity
uptake transmembrane transporter activity
GO:0022857
transmembrane transporter activity
Enables the transfer of a substance, usually a specific substance or a group of related substances, from one side of a membrane to the other.
GOC:jid
GOC:mtg_transport
ISBN:0815340729
Reactome:R-HSA-1236947
Egress of internalized antigen to the cytosol via sec61
Reactome:R-HSA-429036
SLC2A9 transports Fru, Glc, urate
Reactome:R-HSA-434650
MATEs mediate extrusion of xenobiotics
Reactome:R-HSA-5638209
Defective SLC2A9 does not transport Fru, Glc, urate
Reactome:R-HSA-5671707
Fe3+ dissociates from SLC22A17:LCN2:2,5DHBA
Reactome:R-HSA-6784434
An unknown carrier transports cytosolic glyoxylate to the peroxisome
Reactome:R-HSA-6784436
An unknown carrier transports mitochondrial glyoxylate to the cytosol
A cellular component that forms a specialized region of connection between two or more cells, or between a cell and the extracellular matrix, or between two membrane-bound components of a cell, such as flagella.
Wikipedia:Cell_junction
cellular_component
GO:0030054
cell junction
A cellular component that forms a specialized region of connection between two or more cells, or between a cell and the extracellular matrix, or between two membrane-bound components of a cell, such as flagella.
GOC:aruk
GOC:bc
GOC:mah
ISBN:0198506732
PMID:26820516
PMID:28096264
http://www.vivo.colostate.edu/hbooks/cmb/cells/pmemb/junctions_a.html
Small membrane-bounded organelle formed by pinching off of a coated region of membrane. Some coats are made of clathrin, whereas others are made from other proteins.
GO:0005909
NIF_Subcellular:sao1985096626
cellular_component
GO:0030135
coated vesicle
Small membrane-bounded organelle formed by pinching off of a coated region of membrane. Some coats are made of clathrin, whereas others are made from other proteins.
ISBN:0815316194
The cellular developmental process in which a relatively unspecialized cell, e.g. embryonic or regenerative cell, acquires specialized structural and/or functional features that characterize a specific cell. Differentiation includes the processes involved in commitment of a cell to a specific fate and its subsequent development to the mature state.
https://github.com/geneontology/go-ontology/issues/24390
Wikipedia:Cellular_differentiation
biological_process
GO:0030154
cell differentiation
The cellular developmental process in which a relatively unspecialized cell, e.g. embryonic or regenerative cell, acquires specialized structural and/or functional features that characterize a specific cell. Differentiation includes the processes involved in commitment of a cell to a specific fate and its subsequent development to the mature state.
ISBN:0198506732
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a protein by the destruction of the native, active configuration, with or without the hydrolysis of peptide bonds.
https://github.com/geneontology/go-ontology/issues/23112
GO:0044254
GO:0044257
Wikipedia:Protein_catabolism
cellular protein breakdown
cellular protein catabolic process
cellular protein catabolism
cellular protein degradation
protein breakdown
protein catabolism
protein degradation
multicellular organismal protein catabolic process
biological_process
pheromone catabolic process
pheromone catabolism
GO:0030163
This term refers to the breakdown of mature proteins. For cleavage events involved in generating a mature protein from a precursor, consider instead the term 'protein maturation ; GO:0051604' and its children.
protein catabolic process
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a protein by the destruction of the native, active configuration, with or without the hydrolysis of peptide bonds.
GOC:mah
A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of an extracellular matrix.
extracellular matrix organisation
biological_process
extracellular matrix organization and biogenesis
GO:0030198
extracellular matrix organization
A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of an extracellular matrix.
GOC:mah
extracellular matrix organization and biogenesis
GOC:mah
Binds to and modulates the activity of an enzyme.
GO:0010576
catalytic regulator activity
enzyme modulator
metalloenzyme regulator activity
molecular_function
GO:0030234
This term should only be used in cases when the regulator directly interacts with the enzyme.
enzyme regulator activity
Binds to and modulates the activity of an enzyme.
GOC:dph
GOC:mah
GOC:tb
catalytic regulator activity
GOC:dph
Binding to a carbohydrate, which includes monosaccharides, oligosaccharides and polysaccharides as well as substances derived from monosaccharides by reduction of the carbonyl group (alditols), by oxidation of one or more hydroxy groups to afford the corresponding aldehydes, ketones, or carboxylic acids, or by replacement of one or more hydroxy group(s) by a hydrogen atom. Cyclitols are generally not regarded as carbohydrates.
GO:0005529
sugar binding
molecular_function
selectin
GO:0030246
carbohydrate binding
Binding to a carbohydrate, which includes monosaccharides, oligosaccharides and polysaccharides as well as substances derived from monosaccharides by reduction of the carbonyl group (alditols), by oxidation of one or more hydroxy groups to afford the corresponding aldehydes, ketones, or carboxylic acids, or by replacement of one or more hydroxy group(s) by a hydrogen atom. Cyclitols are generally not regarded as carbohydrates.
GOC:mah
A structure that lies outside the plasma membrane and surrounds the entire cell or cells. This does not include the periplasmic space.
cellular_component
GO:0030312
The outer membrane (of gram negative bacteria) or cell wall (of yeast or Gram positive bacteria) are defined as parts of this structure, see 'external encapsulating structure part'.
external encapsulating structure
A structure that lies outside the plasma membrane and surrounds the entire cell or cells. This does not include the periplasmic space.
GOC:go_curators
The directed movement of substances along cytoskeletal fibers such as microfilaments or microtubules within a cell.
biological_process
GO:0030705
cytoskeleton-dependent intracellular transport
The directed movement of substances along cytoskeletal fibers such as microfilaments or microtubules within a cell.
GOC:mah
A structure lying external to one or more cells, which provides structural support, biochemical or biomechanical cues for cells or tissues.
GO:0005578
NIF_Subcellular:nlx_subcell_20090513
Wikipedia:Extracellular_matrix
proteinaceous extracellular matrix
matrisome
cellular_component
GO:0031012
extracellular matrix
A structure lying external to one or more cells, which provides structural support, biochemical or biomechanical cues for cells or tissues.
GOC:BHF
GOC:mah
GOC:rph
NIF_Subcellular:nlx_subcell_20090513
PMID:21123617
PMID:28089324
A process in which an regulatory non-coding RNA molecule reduces expression of target genes. This can occur pre-transcriptionally by assembly of heterochromatin and prevention of transcription or co- or post-transcriptionally by targeting RNAs for degradation or by interfering with splicing or translation. This process starts once the inhibitory RNA molecule has been transcribed, and includes processing of the RNA such as cleavage, modifications, transport from the nucleus to the cytoplasm, loading onto the RISC complex, and the effect on transcription or translation.
https://github.com/geneontology/go-ontology/issues/22202
https://github.com/geneontology/go-ontology/issues/22635
RNA-dependent gene silencing
biological_process
RNA-mediated gene silencing
gene silencing by RNA
GO:0031047
regulatory ncRNA-mediated gene silencing
A process in which an regulatory non-coding RNA molecule reduces expression of target genes. This can occur pre-transcriptionally by assembly of heterochromatin and prevention of transcription or co- or post-transcriptionally by targeting RNAs for degradation or by interfering with splicing or translation. This process starts once the inhibitory RNA molecule has been transcribed, and includes processing of the RNA such as cleavage, modifications, transport from the nucleus to the cytoplasm, loading onto the RISC complex, and the effect on transcription or translation.
PMID:15020054
A molecular function exhibited by a protein that is covalently attached (AKA tagged or conjugated) to another protein where it acts as a marker, recognized by the cellular apparatus to target the tagged protein for some cellular process such as modification, sequestration, transport or degradation.
covalent modifier
protein tag
ubiquitin-like protein modifier
molecular_function
protein tagging activity
ubiquitin
GO:0031386
Use this term to annotate conjugated tags, not for conjugating enzymes. At the time of writing, all known gene products with this activity are ubiquitin-like, either based on overall sequence similarity or the presence of common motifs and structures.
protein tag activity
A molecular function exhibited by a protein that is covalently attached (AKA tagged or conjugated) to another protein where it acts as a marker, recognized by the cellular apparatus to target the tagged protein for some cellular process such as modification, sequestration, transport or degradation.
GOC:dos
PMID:19028679
PMID:20054389
PMID:6305978
covalent modifier
GOC:vw
A process leading to the generation of a functional piRNA. piRNAs (Piwi-associated RNAs) are a class of 24- to 30-nucleotide RNAs derived from repeat or complex DNA sequence elements and processed by a Dicer-independent mechanism.
https://github.com/geneontology/go-ontology/issues/23135
GO:1990511
PIWI-associated RNA biogenesis
PIWI-associated RNA processing
piRNA biogenesis
biological_process
Piwi-associated RNA biosynthetic process
Piwi-associated RNA metabolic process
piRNA biosynthetic process
piRNA metabolic process
piRNA metabolism
GO:0034587
piRNA processing
A process leading to the generation of a functional piRNA. piRNAs (Piwi-associated RNAs) are a class of 24- to 30-nucleotide RNAs derived from repeat or complex DNA sequence elements and processed by a Dicer-independent mechanism.
GOC:kmv
PMID:23329111
PMID:24696457
PMID:34724117
The process in which a signal is passed on to downstream components within the cell, which become activated themselves to further propagate the signal and finally trigger a change in the function or state of the cell.
bf
2010-05-14T01:14:37Z
GO:0007242
GO:0007243
GO:0023013
GO:0023034
intracellular signal transduction pathway
signal transmission via intracellular cascade
biological_process
intracellular signaling cascade
intracellular signaling pathway
GO:0035556
intracellular signal transduction
The process in which a signal is passed on to downstream components within the cell, which become activated themselves to further propagate the signal and finally trigger a change in the function or state of the cell.
GOC:bf
GOC:jl
GOC:signaling
ISBN:3527303782
intracellular signaling cascade
GOC:signaling
Receiving a signal and transmitting it in the cell to initiate a change in cell activity. A signal is a physical entity or change in state that is used to transfer information in order to trigger a response.
bf
2011-08-01T02:45:27Z
GO:0004872
GO:0019041
receptor activity
receptor activity involved in signal transduction
signalling receptor activity
molecular_function
GO:0038023
signaling receptor activity
Receiving a signal and transmitting it in the cell to initiate a change in cell activity. A signal is a physical entity or change in state that is used to transfer information in order to trigger a response.
GOC:bf
GOC:signaling
receptor activity involved in signal transduction
GOC:bf
Binding specifically to a substance (cargo) to deliver it to a transport vesicle. Cargo receptors span membranes (for instance the plasma membrane or the endoplasmic reticulum membrane), binding simultaneously to cargo molecules and coat adaptors, to efficiently recruit the cargo molecules to nascent vesicles.
https://github.com/geneontology/go-ontology/issues/26872
bf
2011-08-01T02:50:45Z
receptor activity
transport receptor activity
Reactome:R-HSA-3000103
Reactome:R-HSA-3000112
Reactome:R-HSA-3000122
Reactome:R-HSA-3000137
Reactome:R-HSA-350168
Reactome:R-HSA-9759202
Reactome:R-HSA-9759209
endocytic receptor activity
receptor activity involved in receptor-mediated endocytosis
molecular_function
GO:0038024
Notes: (1) For receptors binding a molecule but coupled to a signal transduction pathway, consider instead the term 'signaling receptor activity ; GO:0038023' and its children. (2) Cargo receptors transport substances by vesicular transport, not by transmembrane transport. For transmembrane transporters, consider instead the term 'transmembrane transporter activity ; GO:0022857'.
cargo receptor activity
Binding specifically to a substance (cargo) to deliver it to a transport vesicle. Cargo receptors span membranes (for instance the plasma membrane or the endoplasmic reticulum membrane), binding simultaneously to cargo molecules and coat adaptors, to efficiently recruit the cargo molecules to nascent vesicles.
PMID:15239958
PMID:27903609
transport receptor activity
GOC:signaling
Reactome:R-HSA-3000103
CUBN:AMN binds CBLIF:RCbl
Reactome:R-HSA-3000112
CD320-mediated TCN2:RCbl uptake and delivery to lysosome
Reactome:R-HSA-3000122
CD320 binds extracellular TCN2:RCbl
Reactome:R-HSA-3000137
CUBN:AMN-mediated CBLIF:RCbl uptake and delivery to lysosome
Reactome:R-HSA-350168
LRP2-mediated uptake of extracellular CUBN:GC:25(OH)D
Reactome:R-HSA-9759202
LRP2-mediated TCN2:RCbl uptake and delivery to lysosome
Reactome:R-HSA-9759209
LRP2 binds extracellular TCN2:RCbl
endocytic receptor activity
GOC:signaling
ISBN:0123645387
PMID:12671190
receptor activity involved in receptor-mediated endocytosis
GOC:bf
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a chemical stimulus.
response to chemical stimulus
response to chemical substance
biological_process
GO:0042221
Note that this term is in the subset of terms that should not be used for direct gene product annotation. Instead, select a child term or, if no appropriate child term exists, please request a new term. Direct annotations to this term may be amended during annotation QC.
response to chemical
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a chemical stimulus.
GOC:jl
response to chemical stimulus
GOC:dos
A cellular process that results in the biosynthesis of constituent macromolecules, assembly, and arrangement of constituent parts of ribosome subunits; includes transport to the sites of protein synthesis.
GO:0007046
ribosome biogenesis and assembly
biological_process
GO:0042254
ribosome biogenesis
A cellular process that results in the biosynthesis of constituent macromolecules, assembly, and arrangement of constituent parts of ribosome subunits; includes transport to the sites of protein synthesis.
GOC:ma
PMID:26404467
Wikipedia:Ribosome_biogenesis
The action of a molecule that contributes to the structural integrity of a cuticle.
molecular_function
GO:0042302
structural constituent of cuticle
The action of a molecule that contributes to the structural integrity of a cuticle.
GOC:jl
The periodic casting off and regeneration of an outer covering of cuticle, feathers, hair, horns, skin, etc.
biological_process
GO:0042303
molting cycle
The periodic casting off and regeneration of an outer covering of cuticle, feathers, hair, horns, skin, etc.
GOC:jl
ISBN:0198506732
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a cuticle, the outer layer of some animals and plants, which acts to prevent water loss.
cuticle anabolism
cuticle biosynthesis
cuticle biosynthetic process
cuticle formation
cuticle synthesis
biological_process
GO:0042335
cuticle development
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a cuticle, the outer layer of some animals and plants, which acts to prevent water loss.
ISBN:0192800825
Binding to a histone, any of a group of water-soluble proteins found in association with the DNA of eukaryotic or archaeal chromosomes. They are involved in the condensation and coiling of chromosomes during cell division and have also been implicated in gene regulation and DNA replication. They may be chemically modified (methylated, acetlyated and others) to regulate gene transcription.
https://github.com/geneontology/go-ontology/issues/23106
molecular_function
histone-specific chaperone activity
GO:0042393
histone binding
Binding to a histone, any of a group of water-soluble proteins found in association with the DNA of eukaryotic or archaeal chromosomes. They are involved in the condensation and coiling of chromosomes during cell division and have also been implicated in gene regulation and DNA replication. They may be chemically modified (methylated, acetlyated and others) to regulate gene transcription.
GOC:jl
PMID:16209651
PMID:30212449
PMID:9305837
The chemical reactions and pathways involving pigment, any general or particular coloring matter in living organisms, e.g. melanin.
pigment metabolism
biological_process
GO:0042440
pigment metabolic process
The chemical reactions and pathways involving pigment, any general or particular coloring matter in living organisms, e.g. melanin.
GOC:jl
ISBN:0198506732
Binding to a protein or a protein-containing complex to assist the protein folding process.
jl
2009-09-25T11:33:48Z
chaperone activity
Reactome:R-HSA-9018785
protein binding involved in protein folding
molecular_function
GO:0044183
protein folding chaperone
Binding to a protein or a protein-containing complex to assist the protein folding process.
GOC:mtg_cambridge_2009
Reactome:R-HSA-9018785
RHOBTB2 binds GTP
A biological process that directly contributes to the process of producing new individuals, involving another organism.
jl
2012-09-19T15:56:30Z
biological_process
GO:0044703
multi-organism reproductive process
A biological process that directly contributes to the process of producing new individuals, involving another organism.
GOC:jl
A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a cilium, a specialized eukaryotic organelle that consists of a filiform extrusion of the cell surface. Each cilium is bounded by an extrusion of the cytoplasmic membrane, and contains a regular longitudinal array of microtubules, anchored basally in a centriole.
jl
2013-03-27T15:09:58Z
microtubule-based flagellum organization
biological_process
GO:0044782
Note that we deem cilium and microtubule-based flagellum to be equivalent.
cilium organization
A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a cilium, a specialized eukaryotic organelle that consists of a filiform extrusion of the cell surface. Each cilium is bounded by an extrusion of the cytoplasmic membrane, and contains a regular longitudinal array of microtubules, anchored basally in a centriole.
GOC:cilia
GOC:jl
Any molecular function involved in the initiation, activation, perpetuation, repression or termination of polypeptide synthesis at the ribosome.
translation factor activity
molecular_function
GO:0045182
translation regulator activity
Any molecular function involved in the initiation, activation, perpetuation, repression or termination of polypeptide synthesis at the ribosome.
GOC:ai
The junction between an axon of one neuron and a dendrite of another neuron, a muscle fiber or a glial cell. As the axon approaches the synapse it enlarges into a specialized structure, the presynaptic terminal bouton, which contains mitochondria and synaptic vesicles. At the tip of the terminal bouton is the presynaptic membrane; facing it, and separated from it by a minute cleft (the synaptic cleft) is a specialized area of membrane on the receiving cell, known as the postsynaptic membrane. In response to the arrival of nerve impulses, the presynaptic terminal bouton secretes molecules of neurotransmitters into the synaptic cleft. These diffuse across the cleft and transmit the signal to the postsynaptic membrane.
NIF_Subcellular:sao914572699
Wikipedia:Chemical_synapse
synaptic junction
mixed synapse
cellular_component
electrotonic synapse
GO:0045202
synapse
The junction between an axon of one neuron and a dendrite of another neuron, a muscle fiber or a glial cell. As the axon approaches the synapse it enlarges into a specialized structure, the presynaptic terminal bouton, which contains mitochondria and synaptic vesicles. At the tip of the terminal bouton is the presynaptic membrane; facing it, and separated from it by a minute cleft (the synaptic cleft) is a specialized area of membrane on the receiving cell, known as the postsynaptic membrane. In response to the arrival of nerve impulses, the presynaptic terminal bouton secretes molecules of neurotransmitters into the synaptic cleft. These diffuse across the cleft and transmit the signal to the postsynaptic membrane.
GOC:aruk
ISBN:0198506732
PMID:24619342
PMID:29383328
PMID:31998110
mixed synapse
NIF_Subcellular:sao1506103497
electrotonic synapse
NIF_Subcellular:sao1311109124
Any process that maintains the redox environment of a cell or compartment within a cell.
https://github.com/geneontology/go-ontology/issues/24135
GO:0030503
GO:0045867
GO:0045868
regulation of redox homeostasis
Wikipedia:Redox
biological_process
regulation of cell redox homeostasis
GO:0045454
cell redox homeostasis
Any process that maintains the redox environment of a cell or compartment within a cell.
GOC:ai
GOC:dph
GOC:tb
Binding to a metal ion.
metal binding
heavy metal binding
molecular_function
GO:0046872
metal ion binding
Binding to a metal ion.
GOC:ai
The activity of a gene product that interacts with a receptor to effect a change in the activity of the receptor. Ligands may be produced by the same, or different, cell that expresses the receptor. Ligands may diffuse extracellularly from their point of origin to the receiving cell, or remain attached to an adjacent cell surface (e.g. Notch ligands).
https://github.com/geneontology/go-ontology/issues/14220
mah
2010-09-13T04:51:59Z
GO:0071884
receptor agonist activity
signaling molecule
signaling receptor ligand activity
vitamin D receptor activator activity
molecular_function
GO:0048018
receptor ligand activity
The activity of a gene product that interacts with a receptor to effect a change in the activity of the receptor. Ligands may be produced by the same, or different, cell that expresses the receptor. Ligands may diffuse extracellularly from their point of origin to the receiving cell, or remain attached to an adjacent cell surface (e.g. Notch ligands).
GOC:kv
GOC:molecular_function_refactoring
GOC:pdt
receptor agonist activity
GOC:molecular_function_refactoring
The process, occurring above the cellular level, that is pertinent to the reproductive function of a multicellular organism. This includes the integrated processes at the level of tissues and organs.
https://github.com/geneontology/go-ontology/issues/27054
organismal reproductive process
reproductive process in a multicellular organism
biological_process
GO:0048609
multicellular organismal reproductive process
The process, occurring above the cellular level, that is pertinent to the reproductive function of a multicellular organism. This includes the integrated processes at the level of tissues and organs.
GOC:dph
GOC:jid
GOC:tb
Any process involved in the controlled self-propelled movement of a cell that results in translocation of the cell from one place to another.
https://github.com/geneontology/go-ontology/issues/19809
cell locomotion
movement of a cell
biological_process
cell movement
GO:0048870
cell motility
Any process involved in the controlled self-propelled movement of a cell that results in translocation of the cell from one place to another.
GOC:dgh
GOC:dph
GOC:isa_complete
GOC:mlg
Any biological process involved in the maintenance of an internal steady state of a chemical.
biological_process
GO:0048878
chemical homeostasis
Any biological process involved in the maintenance of an internal steady state of a chemical.
GOC:isa_complete
A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a synapse, the junction between a neuron and a target (neuron, muscle, or secretory cell).
synapse organisation
biological_process
synapse development
synapse morphogenesis
synapse organization and biogenesis
GO:0050808
synapse organization
A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a synapse, the junction between a neuron and a target (neuron, muscle, or secretory cell).
GOC:ai
GOC:pr
synapse development
GOC:aruk
synapse morphogenesis
GOC:BHF
synapse organization and biogenesis
GOC:mah
The operation of the mind by which an organism becomes aware of objects of thought or perception; it includes the mental activities associated with thinking, learning, and memory.
Wikipedia:Cognition
biological_process
GO:0050890
cognition
The operation of the mind by which an organism becomes aware of objects of thought or perception; it includes the mental activities associated with thinking, learning, and memory.
ISBN:0721619908
Binding to an unfolded protein.
https://github.com/geneontology/go-ontology/issues/21436
chaperone activity
Reactome:R-HSA-9683772
Reactome:R-HSA-9694337
molecular_function
GO:0051082
unfolded protein binding
Binding to an unfolded protein.
GOC:ai
Reactome:R-HSA-9683772
Trimmed spike protein binds to calnexin
Reactome:R-HSA-9694337
Trimmed spike protein binds to calnexin
A process that is carried out at the cellular level that results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of chromosomes, structures composed of a very long molecule of DNA and associated proteins that carries hereditary information. This term covers covalent modifications at the molecular level as well as spatial relationships among the major components of a chromosome.
https://github.com/geneontology/go-ontology/issues/22811
https://github.com/geneontology/go-ontology/issues/4585
GO:0006323
GO:0007001
GO:0051277
DNA condensation
chromosome organisation
DNA packaging
biological_process
chromosome organization and biogenesis
maintenance of genome integrity
nuclear genome maintenance
GO:0051276
chromosome organization
A process that is carried out at the cellular level that results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of chromosomes, structures composed of a very long molecule of DNA and associated proteins that carries hereditary information. This term covers covalent modifications at the molecular level as well as spatial relationships among the major components of a chromosome.
GOC:ai
GOC:dph
GOC:jl
GOC:mah
chromosome organization and biogenesis
GOC:mah
The process resulting in division and partitioning of components of a cell to form more cells; may or may not be accompanied by the physical separation of a cell into distinct, individually membrane-bounded daughter cells.
Wikipedia:Cell_division
biological_process
GO:0051301
Note that this term differs from 'cytokinesis ; GO:0000910' in that cytokinesis does not include nuclear division.
cell division
The process resulting in division and partitioning of components of a cell to form more cells; may or may not be accompanied by the physical separation of a cell into distinct, individually membrane-bounded daughter cells.
GOC:di
GOC:go_curators
GOC:pr
Progression through the phases of the meiotic cell cycle, in which canonically a cell replicates to produce four offspring with half the chromosomal content of the progenitor cell via two nuclear divisions.
https://github.com/geneontology/go-ontology/issues/24599
GO:0007126
Wikipedia:Meiosis
biological_process
meiosis
GO:0051321
Note that this term should not be confused with 'GO:0140013 ; meiotic nuclear division'. 'GO:0051321 ; meiotic cell cycle represents the entire mitotic cell cycle, while 'GO:0140013 meiotic nuclear division' specifically represents the actual nuclear division step of the mitotic cell cycle.
meiotic cell cycle
Progression through the phases of the meiotic cell cycle, in which canonically a cell replicates to produce four offspring with half the chromosomal content of the progenitor cell via two nuclear divisions.
GOC:ai
Any process leading to the attainment of the full functional capacity of a protein.
biological_process
GO:0051604
protein maturation
Any process leading to the attainment of the full functional capacity of a protein.
GOC:ai
Catalysis of the hydrolysis of a carboxylic ester bond.
https://github.com/geneontology/go-ontology/issues/24654
GO:0004091
GO:0004302
GO:0004759
GO:0016789
EC:3.1.1.-
KEGG_REACTION:R00630
Reactome:R-HSA-5693691
Reactome:R-HSA-8937442
Reactome:R-HSA-9749792
UM-BBD_reactionID:r1025
molecular_function
carboxylate esterase activity
carboxylic esterase activity
hydrolase activity acting on ester bonds
GO:0052689
carboxylic ester hydrolase activity
Catalysis of the hydrolysis of a carboxylic ester bond.
GOC:curators
Reactome:R-HSA-5693691
CES1 trimer.CES2 hydrolyse COCN to BEG
Reactome:R-HSA-8937442
CES3 hydrolyses CHEST to CHOL and LCFA(-)
Reactome:R-HSA-9749792
CES1,CES2 hydrolyze ASA- to ST
hydrolase activity acting on ester bonds
EC:3.1.1.-
The process in which a solute is transported across a lipid bilayer, from one side of a membrane to the other.
tb
2015-10-21T13:22:47Z
GO:0090662
membrane transport
ATP hydrolysis coupled transmembrane transport
biological_process
GO:0055085
Transmembrane transport is the transport of a solute across a lipid bilayer. Note that transport through the nuclear pore complex is not transmembrane because the nuclear membrane is a double membrane and is not traversed. For transport through the nuclear pore, consider instead the term 'nucleocytoplasmic transport ; GO:0006913' and its children. Note also that this term is not intended for use in annotating lateral movement within membranes.
transmembrane transport
The process in which a solute is transported across a lipid bilayer, from one side of a membrane to the other.
GOC:dph
GOC:jid
The cellular chemical reactions and pathways involving a nucleobase-containing small molecule: a nucleobase, a nucleoside, or a nucleotide.
nucleobase, nucleoside and nucleotide metabolism
biological_process
nucleobase, nucleoside and nucleotide metabolic process
GO:0055086
nucleobase-containing small molecule metabolic process
The cellular chemical reactions and pathways involving a nucleobase-containing small molecule: a nucleobase, a nucleoside, or a nucleotide.
GOC:vw
The binding activity of a molecule that brings together two or more molecules through a selective, non-covalent, often stoichiometric interaction, permitting those molecules to function in a coordinated way.
GO:0032947
binding, bridging
molecular_function
protein complex scaffold activity
protein-containing complex scaffold activity
GO:0060090
molecular adaptor activity
The binding activity of a molecule that brings together two or more molecules through a selective, non-covalent, often stoichiometric interaction, permitting those molecules to function in a coordinated way.
GOC:mtg_MIT_16mar07
GOC:vw
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of an epithelium over time, from its formation to the mature structure. An epithelium is a tissue that covers the internal or external surfaces of an anatomical structure.
biological_process
GO:0060429
epithelium development
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of an epithelium over time, from its formation to the mature structure. An epithelium is a tissue that covers the internal or external surfaces of an anatomical structure.
GOC:dph
GOC:mtg_lung
The progression of the respiratory system over time from its formation to its mature structure. The respiratory system carries out respiratory gaseous exchange.
dph
2009-04-10T08:55:42Z
biological_process
GO:0060541
respiratory system development
The progression of the respiratory system over time from its formation to its mature structure. The respiratory system carries out respiratory gaseous exchange.
GOC:dph
A process which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a membrane. A membrane is a double layer of lipid molecules that encloses all cells, and, in eukaryotes, many organelles; may be a single or double lipid bilayer; also includes associated proteins.
jl
2010-02-08T02:43:11Z
GO:0016044
GO:0044802
cellular membrane organisation
cellular membrane organization
membrane organisation
biological_process
membrane organization and biogenesis
single-organism membrane organization
GO:0061024
membrane organization
A process which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a membrane. A membrane is a double layer of lipid molecules that encloses all cells, and, in eukaryotes, many organelles; may be a single or double lipid bilayer; also includes associated proteins.
GOC:dph
GOC:tb
membrane organisation
GOC:mah
membrane organization and biogenesis
GOC:mah
The progression of a muscle structure over time, from its formation to its mature state. Muscle structures are contractile cells, tissues or organs that are found in multicellular organisms.
dph
2010-03-09T08:55:14Z
biological_process
GO:0061061
muscle structure development
The progression of a muscle structure over time, from its formation to its mature state. Muscle structures are contractile cells, tissues or organs that are found in multicellular organisms.
GOC:dph
The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of macromolecules to form a protein-containing complex.
https://github.com/geneontology/go-ontology/issues/22580
GO:0006461
GO:0034622
GO:0043623
cellular protein complex assembly
biological_process
cellular macromolecule complex assembly
cellular protein-containing complex assembly
chaperone activity
macromolecular complex assembly
macromolecule complex assembly
protein complex assembly
protein complex formation
GO:0065003
protein-containing complex assembly
The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of macromolecules to form a protein-containing complex.
GOC:jl
A protein modification process in which one or more groups of a small protein, such as ubiquitin or a ubiquitin-like protein, are covalently attached to or removed from a target protein.
mah
2009-05-11T02:54:03Z
biological_process
GO:0070647
protein modification by small protein conjugation or removal
A protein modification process in which one or more groups of a small protein, such as ubiquitin or a ubiquitin-like protein, are covalently attached to or removed from a target protein.
GOC:mah
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the circulatory system over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The circulatory system is the organ system that passes nutrients (such as amino acids and electrolytes), gases, hormones, blood cells, etc. to and from cells in the body to help fight diseases and help stabilize body temperature and pH to maintain homeostasis.
mah
2010-11-16T11:27:39Z
GO:0072358
cardiovascular system development
biological_process
GO:0072359
circulatory system development
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the circulatory system over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The circulatory system is the organ system that passes nutrients (such as amino acids and electrolytes), gases, hormones, blood cells, etc. to and from cells in the body to help fight diseases and help stabilize body temperature and pH to maintain homeostasis.
GOC:mah
UBERON:0001009
A cytoplasmic, membrane bound vesicle that is capable of fusing to the plasma membrane to release its contents into the extracellular space.
cellular_component
GO:0099503
secretory vesicle
A cytoplasmic, membrane bound vesicle that is capable of fusing to the plasma membrane to release its contents into the extracellular space.
GOC:dos
Cell-cell signaling to, from or within a synapse.
biological_process
GO:0099536
synaptic signaling
Cell-cell signaling to, from or within a synapse.
GOC:dos
A molecular function required for core promoter activity that mediates the assembly of the RNA polymerase holoenzyme at promoter DNA to form the pre-initiation complex (PIC). General transcription factors (GTFs) bind to and open promoter DNA, initiate RNA synthesis and stimulate the escape of the polymerase from the promoter. Not all subunits of the general transcription factor are necessarily present at all promoters to initiate transcription. GTFs act at each promoter, although the exact subunit composition at individual promoters may vary.
https://github.com/geneontology/go-ontology/issues/20253
pg
2018-05-24T07:51:23Z
GTF activity
basal transcription factor activity
general transcription factor activity
molecular_function
GO:0140223
Usage guidance: The distinction between general transcription factors and DNA-binding transcription factors is that the latter modulate the selection of which genes are expressed under specific conditions, while general transcription factors are the constitutive machinery required for transcription initiation.
general transcription initiation factor activity
A molecular function required for core promoter activity that mediates the assembly of the RNA polymerase holoenzyme at promoter DNA to form the pre-initiation complex (PIC). General transcription factors (GTFs) bind to and open promoter DNA, initiate RNA synthesis and stimulate the escape of the polymerase from the promoter. Not all subunits of the general transcription factor are necessarily present at all promoters to initiate transcription. GTFs act at each promoter, although the exact subunit composition at individual promoters may vary.
GOC:txnOH-2018
Binding to a small molecule and eliciting a change in the protein's activity in response to the intracellular level of that small molecule.
pg
2018-12-10T14:30:28Z
small molecular sensor activity
small molecule sensing activity
molecular_function
GO:0140299
small molecule sensor activity
Binding to a small molecule and eliciting a change in the protein's activity in response to the intracellular level of that small molecule.
PMID:26328879
Binding to a specific molecule to prevent it from interacting with other partners or to inhibit its localization to the area of the cell or complex where it is active.
pg
2019-03-28T10:00:25Z
Reactome:R-HSA-3245898
molecular_function
GO:0140313
molecular sequestering activity
Binding to a specific molecule to prevent it from interacting with other partners or to inhibit its localization to the area of the cell or complex where it is active.
PMID:13130076
Reactome:R-HSA-3245898
TCN1 binds correnoids in the circulation
A molecular function characterized by the coupling of ATP hydrolysis to other steps of a reaction mechanism to make the reaction energetically favorable, for example to catalyze a reaction or drive transport against a concentration gradient.
https://github.com/geneontology/go-ontology/issues/21612
https://github.com/geneontology/go-ontology/issues/22371
pg
2021-06-15T07:35:06Z
ATP hydrolysis-dependent activity
ATPase activity
ATPase activity, coupled
ATPase-dependent activity
molecular_function
GO:0140657
Note that this term represents a grouping class that includes all proteins that use ATP hydrolysis to drive a reaction; it is not meant to capture the ATP hydrolysis reaction itself. To annotate ATP hydrolysis, please use 'ATP hydrolysis activity ; GO:0016887'.
ATP-dependent activity
A molecular function characterized by the coupling of ATP hydrolysis to other steps of a reaction mechanism to make the reaction energetically favorable, for example to catalyze a reaction or drive transport against a concentration gradient.
PMID:24878343
PMID:25750732
PMID:32933017
PMID:33818025
PMID:33873056
PMID:33988324
BFO:0000062
external
preceded_by
preceded_by
preceded by
BFO:0000063
external
precedes
precedes
precedes
cjm
2012-03-14T10:35:44Z
GOREL:0000040
external
results_in
results_in
This relation is currently used to connect two regulation processes p1 and p2, such that if r1 regulates p1 and r2 regulates p2, and r1 results_in r2 then the regulation of p1 is required for the regulation of p2. For an example of use, see GO:0035958 'regulation of glyoxylate cycle by regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter'. Note that a precise definition of this relation is under discussion. After it has been formalized it will be added to RO, where it will have a RO ID. Note that the existing identifier and label are subject to change.
results in
GOREL:0001019
external
results_in_division_of
results_in_division_of
use occurs_in
results in division of
GOREL:0002003
external
results_in_distribution_of
results_in_distribution_of
results in distribution of
GOREL:0002004
external
results_in_fission_of
results_in_fission_of
results in fission of
GOREL:0012006
external
results_in_maintenance_of
results_in_maintenance_of
results in maintenance of
RO:0000053
external
bearer_of
bearer_of
bearer of
RO:0000056
external
participates_in
participates_in
participates in
RO:0000057
external
has_participant
has_participant
has participant
RO:0002007
external
bounding_layer_of
bounding_layer_of
bounding layer of
RO:0002008
external
coincident_with
coincident_with
coincident with
RO:0002010
external
regulates_in_other_organism
regulates_in_other_organism
regulates in other organism
RO:0002013
external
has_regulatory_component_activity
has_regulatory_component_activity
has regulatory component activity
RO:0002014
external
has_negative_regulatory_component_activity
has_negative_regulatory_component_activity
has negative regulatory component activity
RO:0002016
external
has_necessary_component_activity
has_necessary_component_activity
has necessary component activity
RO:0002087
external
immediately_preceded_by
immediately_preceded_by
immediately preceded by
RO:0002090
external
immediately_precedes
immediately_precedes
immediately precedes
RO:0002131
external
overlaps
overlaps
overlaps
RO:0002180
external
has_component
has_component
has component
RO:0002215
external
capable_of
capable_of
capable of
RO:0002216
external
capable_of_part_of
capable_of_part_of
capable of part of
RO:0002220
external
adjacent_to
adjacent_to
adjacent to
RO:0002224
external
starts_with
starts_with
starts with
RO:0002230
external
ends_with
ends_with
ends with
RO:0002231
external
has_start_location
has_start_location
has start location
RO:0002232
external
has_end_location
has_end_location
has end location
RO:0002233
external
has_input
has_input
has input
RO:0002234
external
has_output
has_output
has output
RO:0002295
external
results_in_developmental_progression_of
results_in_developmental_progression_of
results in developmental progression of
RO:0002296
external
results_in_development_of
results_in_development_of
results in development of
RO:0002297
external
results_in_formation_of
results_in_formation_of
results in formation of
RO:0002298
external
results_in_morphogenesis_of
results_in_morphogenesis_of
results in morphogenesis of
RO:0002299
external
results_in_maturation_of
results_in_maturation_of
results in maturation of
RO:0002304
external
causally_upstream_of,_positive_effect
causally_upstream_of,_positive_effect
causally upstream of, positive effect
RO:0002305
external
causally_upstream_of,_negative_effect
causally_upstream_of,_negative_effect
causally upstream of, negative effect
RO:0002315
external
results_in_acquisition_of_features_of
results_in_acquisition_of_features_of
results in acquisition of features of
RO:0002332
external
regulates_levels_of
regulates_levels_of
regulates levels of
RO:0002334
external
regulated_by
regulated_by
regulated by
RO:0002335
external
negatively_regulated_by
negatively_regulated_by
negatively regulated by
RO:0002336
external
positively_regulated_by
positively_regulated_by
positively regulated by
RO:0002338
external
has_target_start_location
has_target_start_location
has target start location
RO:0002339
external
has_target_end_location
has_target_end_location
has target end location
RO:0002341
external
results_in_transport_along
results_in_transport_along
results in transport along
RO:0002342
external
results_in_transport_across
results_in_transport_across
results in transport across
RO:0002343
external
results_in_growth_of
results_in_growth_of
results in growth of
RO:0002344
external
results_in_transport_to_from_or_in
results_in_transport_to_from_or_in
results in transport to from or in
RO:0002348
external
results_in_commitment_to
results_in_commitment_to
results in commitment to
RO:0002349
external
results_in_determination_of
results_in_determination_of
results in determination of
RO:0002353
external
output_of
output_of
output of
RO:0002355
external
results_in_structural_organization_of
results_in_structural_organization_of
results in structural organization of
RO:0002356
external
results_in_specification_of
results_in_specification_of
results in specification of
RO:0002404
external
causally_downstream_of
causally_downstream_of
causally downstream of
RO:0002405
external
immediately_causally_downstream_of
immediately_causally_downstream_of
immediately causally downstream of
RO:0002411
external
causally_upstream_of
causally_upstream_of
causally upstream of
RO:0002412
external
immediately_causally_upstream_of
immediately_causally_upstream_of
immediately causally upstream of
RO:0002418
external
causally_upstream_of_or_within
causally_upstream_of_or_within
causally upstream of or within
RO:0002427
external
causally_downstream_of_or_within
causally_downstream_of_or_within
causally downstream of or within
RO:0002505
external
has_intermediate
has_intermediate
has intermediate
RO:0002565
external
results_in_movement_of
results_in_movement_of
results in movement of
RO:0002578
external
directly_regulates
directly_regulates
directly regulates
RO:0002588
external
results_in_assembly_of
results_in_assembly_of
results in assembly of
RO:0002590
external
results_in_disassembly_of
results_in_disassembly_of
results in disassembly of
RO:0002591
external
results_in_remodeling_of
results_in_remodeling_of
results in remodeling of
RO:0002592
external
results_in_organization_of
results_in_organization_of
results in organization of
RO:0002608
external
process_has_causal_agent
process_has_causal_agent
process has causal agent
RO:0002629
external
directly_positively_regulates
directly_positively_regulates
directly positively regulates
RO:0002630
external
directly_negatively_regulates
directly_negatively_regulates
directly negatively regulates
RO:0003000
external
produces
produces
produces
RO:0003001
external
produced_by
produced_by
produced by
RO:0004007
external
has_primary_input_or_output
has_primary_input_or_output
has primary input or output
RO:0004008
external
has_primary_output
has_primary_output
has primary output
RO:0004009
external
has_primary_input
has_primary_input
has primary input
RO:0012001
external
has_small_molecule_activator
has_small_molecule_activator
has small molecule activator
RO:0012003
external
acts_on_population_of
acts_on_population_of
acts on population of
RO:0012008
external
results_in_fusion_of
results_in_fusion_of
results in fusion of
RO:0019000
gene_ontology
regulates_characteristic
regulates_characteristic
regulates characteristic
RO:0019001
gene_ontology
positively_regulates_characteristic
positively_regulates_characteristic
positively regulates characteristic
RO:0019002
gene_ontology
negatively_regulates_characteristic
negatively_regulates_characteristic
negatively regulates characteristic
RO:0040036
external
results_in_changes_to_anatomical_or_cellular_structure
results_in_changes_to_anatomical_or_cellular_structure
results in changes to anatomical or cellular structure